9. The Sons of Liberty, organized in response - Arapahoe High School

27. A major turning point in the war that led to the Franco-American alliance was the Battle ofa. Saratoga. c. Yorktown. e. Lexingtonb. Trenton. d. Valley Forge.28. French support for the American fight for independence was gained through all the following EXCEPTa. French fears that the colonies might become reconciled with England.b. the diplomacy of Benjamin Franklin.c. traditional French enmity toward England.d. Louis XVI's sympathy for republican government and philosophy.29. The French government supported the American Revolution primarily becausea. There was general support for the political ideals of the Enlightenment in France.b. An American victory would enable France to recapture Canada.c. Benjamin Franklin and his scientific achievements inspired the admiration of the French.d. France wished to reduce the British Empire and gain influence in North America.e. France’s ally Spain was eager to recapture Gibraltar from Great Britain.30. For the Iroquois Confederacy, the American Revolution led toa. a strengthening of the tribes, because they allied with the Americans, and the British left them alone.b. a strengthening of the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley.c. little change in their situation, because the Confederacy remained completely neutral.d. a weakening of the tribes, because they sided with the Americans, and the British attacked them.e. a weakening of the tribes, because the Confederacy split up, and the Americans attacked those who sided with theBritish.31. According to the Treaty of Paris (1783), the United Statesa. secured from England recognition of American independence, with the Mississippi River as its western boundary.b. was granted an interim truce in the fighting with England.c. betrayed its territorial agreement with the Spanish.d. received recognition of its claims to Canada.e. acknowledge the sovereignty of King George III.32. In discussing the American Revolution, the basic controversy among historians involves the question:a. Should the British have won easily, or did they face an impossible, Vietnam-style war?b. Was the motivation for the Revolution primarily political ideology or essentially economic and social interests?c. Did the French make a colossal blunder in supporting the Americans and as a result bring about their own revolution?d. If the Americans really believed what they said in the Declaration of Independence, why did they not end slavery?e. Did English generals intentionally use strategies that would fail?33. But what do We mean by the American Revolution? Do we mean the American War? The Revolution was effected beforethe War commenced. The Revolution was in the Minds and Hearts of the People. A Changein their Religious Sentiments oftheir Duties and Obligations. While the King, and all in Authority underhim, were believed to govern, in Justice and Mercyaccording to the Laws and Constitutions derived to them from the God of Nature, and transmitted to them by theirAncestors: they thought themselves bound to pray for the King and Queen and all the Royal Family, and all the Authorityunder them, as Ministers ordained of God for their good. But when they saw those Powers renouncing all the Principles ofAuthority, and bent upon the destruction of all the Securities of their Lives, Liberties and Properties, they thought it theirDuty to pray for the Continental Congress and all the thirteen State Congresses, &c.In this extract from an 1818 letter reflecting on the American Revolution, John Adams’ central point isa. the Revolution involved an intellectual and emotional component that preceded the military one.b. the Revolutionary War had a deep influence on the religious life of America.c. the American revolutionary leadership tried to focus popular hostility against the British Crown, rather than againstParliament.d. in the years before the Revolution, the British authorities flagrantly violated the rights and security of the Americancolonists.e. Americans always pray for the welfare of the political leaders, whoever they may be.34. In the 1770s and 1780s, the majority of Americans agreed on all of the following political assumptions EXCEPT:a. political power should come directly from the people.b. people should have an equal opportunity to succeed in life.c. people should enjoy equality of condition during their lives.d. republicanism should be the foundation of a new government.e. a nation should have a large number of independent property owners.

35. The state governments that were formed during the 1770s exhibited all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:a. they had written constitutions.b. they forbade governors from holding legislative seats.c. they had property requirements for voting.d. they limited the power of the executive in favor of the legislative branche. they adopted the principle of universal suffrage.36. In the period just after the American Revolution social and political advances made in the United States, included all EXCEPT:a. a revival of interest in schooling. c. a greater separation of church and state.b. abolition of slavery by law throughout the states. d. reform of voting laws leading to greater participation.37. The direct economic and social consequences of the American Revolution included all of the following EXCEPT:a. expanded opportunities for settlement in the West. d. new opportunities for trade and manufacturing.b. reforms in laws of inheritance. e. confiscation of Loyalist property.c. increased property rights for women.38. The Articles of Confederation provided thata. each state have one vote in Congress. d. Congressmen be elected directly by qualified males.b. the chief executive be responsible to Congress. e. a unanimous vote by Congress be required to pass a law.c. Congress consisted of two houses.39. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a precedent for the settlement of new areas throughout the United Statesthrough all the following provisions EXCEPT:a. immediate statehood for territories on petition of five thousand residents and a locally elected legislature.b. encouragement of public education.c. guaranteed religious freedom.d. incorporation into the Union by stages, with a locally elected legislature after arrival of five thousand settlers andadmission to the Union as a full state after attaining a population of sixty thousand.40. The Northwest Ordinance has been regarded as non-imperialistic because it provided for thea. establishment of public education in the territories. c. permanent abolition of slavery in the territories.b. defense of the inhabitants from Indian attacks. d. preparation of a territory for statehood.41. During the period of the Articles of Confederation, the lack of adequate central authority to deal with national problems canBEST be explained by thea. fear of the kind of rule experienced under the British. c. complete absence of any feeling of American nationalism.b. lack of concern for national problems. d. failure to develop competent statesmen.42. Which was a weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation?a. ease with which laws could be passed in Congress.b. dictatorial power of the executive.c. the amount of power held by the federal courts.d. congressional power to request, not demand, an army from the states.43. Which BEST explains the dissatisfaction of the merchant class with the Articles of Confederation?a. the power of Congress to tax was unlimited. c. the President's treaty-making power was unchecked.b. individual states lacked the power to regulate commerce. d. there was no provision for a uniform currency.44. Daniel Shays’s Rebellion in 1786-87a. was led by creditors protesting government inability to make good its war debts.b. was led by debtor farmers, who forcibly closed local courts and refused to pay creditorsc. was led by slaves protesting the contradiction between the principle of "equality among all men" and their continuedenslavement.d. led to new legislation strengthening several states' powers to protect property rights of citizens.45. When Thomas Jefferson said, “I hold that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the politicalworld as storms in the physical,” he was referring toa. the American Revolution. d. the Whiskey Rebellion.b. Shays’s Rebellion. e. the Newburgh Conspiracy.c. the Constitutional Convention.

46. When George Washington said: “There are combustibles in every State which a spark might set fire to.I feel infinitely more than I can express for the disorders which have arisen,” he was referring toa. the Whiskey Rebellion. c. riots by army veterans demanding back pay.b. food riots in New York and Philadelphia. d. Shays’s Rebellion.47. Which group was largely unrepresented at the Constitutional Convention?a. lawyers c. wealthy merchantsb. large landowners d. small farmers.48. All of the following are accurate generalizations about the delegates to the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention EXCEPTa. they were relatively young men. c. they represented the propertied interests of the country.b. they were relatively well educated. d. they were staunch advocates of pure democracy.49. In 1776, when Abigail Adams implored her husband, John Adams, to “Remember the Ladies” as he created a newgovernment, she argued thata. women would not feel bound to support the laws of a government in which they had no actual representation.b. women and men should be equally represented at the Constitutional Convention .c. women should be allowed to hold public office.d. women should be given the right to vote.e. the Declaration of Independence should read “all men and women are created equal.”50. The Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention were both concerned witha. regulation of interstate commerce. c. admission of new states into the Union.b. representation in Congress. d. the future of slavery in the United States.51. The Great Compromise of the 1787 Constitutional Convention solved the problem of congressional representation bya. guaranteeing an equal number of northern and southern states in Congress at any given time.b. establishing a popularly elected Senate and House of Representatives, both based on state population size.c. giving the larger states greater influence in the Senate and smaller states disproportionate influence in the House.d. granting each state two representatives to the Senate but basing representation in the House of Representatives on eachstate's population.52. A major mechanism for protecting the people against tyranny in the new national government was the Constitution'sprovision fora. state nullification of federal legislation considered to infringe on individual rights.b. a popularly elected federal court system.c. supreme power among government branches vested in the popularly elected House of Representatives.d. a system of checks and balances exercised by independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches with specific functions.53. In order to protect the nation from the “tyranny of the people,” the U.S. Constitution originally provided that the peoplewould directly elect only one part of the national government, thea. president. b. Senate. c. House of Representatives. d. Supreme Court.54. Which of the following was a widely held belief among the Founding Fathers of the United States?a. Direct democracy is superior to representative government.b. Widespread ownership of property is a bulwark of republican governmentc. Political parties are an inevitable outgrowth of republican government.d. Universal manhood suffrage is essential to a free government.e. The separation of legislative, executive, and judicial functions leads to governmental chaos.55. The United States Constitution provided for all of the following EXCEPT:a. separation of powers. d. representative government.b. federalism. e. political parties.c. limited government.56. “The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the publicsafety may require it.” This provision is evidence that the writers of the United States Constitutiona. wanted the President to have unlimited power during wartime.b. wanted to balance individual liberty with the needs of the nation.c. did not trust the common people to obey the laws.d. expected the American people to oppose most government policies.e. expected the United States to endure years of conflict from internal and external threats.

57. Senate ratification of treaties negotiated by the President is required by the U. S. Constitution as a way ofa. maintaining U.S. prestige in international affairs.b. preventing federal abuse of state power.c. implementing the principle of checks and balances.d. expanding the authority of the legislative branch.e. allowing input from the people on international affairs.58. Charles Beard's interpretation of the Constitution differed from previous studies in stressing that the delegates were mostconcerned with designing a government which woulda. maintain essential states rights. d. prevent the rise of a tyrant.b. provide for the general welfare. e. prove the superiority of republican government.c. safeguard property rights.59. The Constitution was an improvement over the Articles of Confederation in that the Constitutiona. provided for a federal legislature.b. delegated to Congress the power to declare war.c. gave the national government control over United States territories.d. enabled the national government to deal directly with the people in regard to collecting taxes and raising an army.60. The Federalist papers of 1788 werea. the memoirs of Benjamin Franklin's role in the Constitutional Convention and his feats as ambassador to France andEngland.b. a series of articles by Patrick Henry, Edmund Randolph, and others strongly opposing the proposed Constitution.c. a series of newspaper articles by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay strongly supporting the Constitution.d. the personal writings of George Washington justifying the American Revolution according to Locke's theories.61. Opposition to ratification of the new Constitution included all the following EXCEPTa. reluctance of the largest states to lose power to a strong national government.b. omission of a bill of rights from the Constitution to protect individual freedoms of speech, religion, and so forth.c. arguments by many states that even the new government would be too weak to be effective.d. fear that a large national government would become too removed from popular control and lead to tyranny.62. The Federalist, a series of political essays, was written to urgea. ratification of the Constitution. c. election of George Washington as president.b. rejection of the Constitution. d. adoption of the Northwest Ordinances.63. All of the following individuals strongly supported ratification of the Constitution EXCEPTa. Alexander Hamilton. c. Patrick Henry.b. James Madison. d. Benjamin Franklin.64. The reason for adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution was toa. prevent any one branch of the government from becoming too powerful.b. prohibit the federal government from depriving individuals of certain basic rights.c. exclude the states from exercising any authority over civil rights.d. restrict the states from challenging the Constitution as the supreme law of the land.65. The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was significant to the distribution of power because ita. gave the federal government permission to exercise some undelegated powers.b. granted the president certain emergency powers.c. reserved to the states and the people all powers not specifically delegated to the federal government.d. provided the president with the authority to appoint a cabinet.e. designated the Supreme Court as the interpreter of the Constitution.