Riprap, Flow-Through Rockfill, and Reinforced Rockfill

Vulnerabilities and Risk• There is no evidence in the literature of rockfill beingused as a veneer of armor to protect an existingsignificant hazard or high hazard embankment damfrom overtopping or through flow• The introduction of reinforcement into rockfillincreases safety and compensates, to some degree,for analysis uncertainties• Unreinforced rockfill for such a function is notadvised• If reinforced rockfill is to be used for protection of anexisting dam, it should be rather massive