Patterns of Inheritance

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LE 9-19ExperimentPurple flowerPpLl×PpLlLong pollenPhenotypesPurple longPurple roundRed longRed roundObservedoffspring284212155Prediction(9:3:3:1)215717124Explanation: linked genesParentaldiploid cellPpLlP Lp lMeiosisMostgametesP Lp lFertilizationSpermP Lp lP LP LMostoffspringEggsP LP Lp lp lp lp lP Lp l3 purple long : 1 red roundNot accounted for: purple round and red long• Crossing over produces new combinations ofalleles– During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergocrossing over• Produces new combinations of alleles in gametes• Percentage of recombinant offspring is called therecombination frequencyLE 9-20aABabABabAbaBTetradCrossing overGametes18
• Geneticists use crossover data to map genes– Chance of crossover approx equal at all points on achromosome– The farther apart two genes are on a chromosome,the higher the probability that crossover will occurbetween them.• Use recombination frequencies to map the relativepositions of genes on chromosomesLE 9-21bChromosomeg c l17%9% 9.5%RecombinationfrequenciesSEX CHROMOSOMES ANDSEX-LINKED GENES• Chromosomes determine sex in many species– Many animals have a pair of chromosomes thatdetermine sex• Humans: X-Y system– Male is XY; the Y chromosome has genes for the development oftestes– Female is XX; absence of a Y chromosome allows ovaries todevelop19
Page 1 and 2: Patterns of InheritanceWhat is inhe
Page 3 and 4: LE 9-2dFlower colorPurpleWhiteFlowe
Page 5 and 6: Homologous pair of chromosomesALLEL
Page 7 and 8: • Geneticists use the testcross t
Page 9 and 10: • Mendel's laws reflect the rules
Page 11 and 12: Autosomal Recessive disorders• Mo
Page 13 and 14: Incomplete DominanceR 1 R 1 R 1 R 2
Page 15 and 16: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER:Sickle-Cell
Page 17: THE CHROMOSOMAL BASISOF INHERITANCE
Page 21: LE 9-24bQueenVictoriaAlbertAliceLou

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