Analysis and comparison of bullet leads by inductively ... - Library

Data Analysis
Pearson product correlation analyses were performed to see if
any of the elements in Table 3 varied in step with any of the other
elements. The only significantly high coefficient (.724) was for
cadmium versus bismuth. This was determined to be due to a sin-
TABLE 4—Elemental Compositions of Bullets (�g/g).
KETO • BULLET LEADS 1023
Brand Cu As Ag Cd Sn Sb Te Bi
Anguila 1 135 � 7 650 � 20 7.0 � .08 0 0 3780 � 30 .06 � .04 95 � 1
2 57 � 2 71 � 9 6.0 � .10 .09 � .03 0 3700 � 170 .21 � .01 86 � 3
3 136 � 4 680 � 20 6.3 � .08 .13 � .06 0 3800 � 20 .09 � .01 96 � .3
4 64 � 2 105 � 2 6.1 � .10 .10 � .09 0 3900 � 20 .28 � .02 87 � 2
5 267 � 14 291 � 7 6.7 � .20 .13 � .05 0 3360 � 30 .17 � .02 98 � 4
Cascade 1 79 � 5 144 � 5 22 � 0.1 2.1 � .05 970 � 20 14300 � 900 .13 � .03 211 � 9
2 242 � 7 134 � 2 25 � 0.3 2.1 � .1 1430 � 80 17000 � 1300 .10 � .02 228 � 10
3 225 � 15 115 � 10 22 � 1.5 2.0 � .2 1220 � 100 13000 � 2600 .06 � .03 210 � 9
4 240 � 6 126 � 4 23 � 0.3 2.0 � .1 1370 � 10 16900 � 800 .09 � .02 220 � 10
5 247 � 5 134 � 4 25 � 2.0 2.3 � .1 1270 � 110 18900 � 1800 .11 � .02 225 � 12
Defence 1 7.0 � 2 2.9 � .2 5.6 � .06 .07 � .02 0 13400 � 300 .10 � .02 2.7 � .1
2 246 � 2 58 � 1 9.4 � .2 .45 � .04 780 � 60 13700 � 1300 13.5 � .6 13.7 � .5
3 192 � 6 16 � .4 7.9 � .1 .18 � .01 40 � .7 12800 � 1200 1.6 � .06 13.4 � .9
4 191 � 1 19 � .7 6.7 � .1 .54 � .08 0 12800 � 1400 .40 � .002 11.0 � .6
5 204 � 2 46 � 1 8.7 � .2 .36 � .01 640 � 20 14600 � 900 11.4 � .4 12.6 � .4
Federal 1 230 � 4 .23 � .24 21 � .4 .16 � .09 .11 � .07 26 � 4 10.2 � .02 108 � 3
2 218 � 1 31.5 � .3 21 � .2 0 .03 � .004 908 � 6 10.5 � .1 108 � 4
3 235 � 5 .21 � .16 20 � .2 .19 � .04 .05 � .05 28 � 1 10.2 � .04 108 � 4
4 235 � 2 .12 � .09 21 � .4 0 .01 � .01 22 � .2 10.3 � .1 107 � 2
5 290 � 5 .24 � .08 20 � .2 .45 � .03 .08 � .03 79 � 1 9.3 � .2 110 � 1
Interarms 1 32 � 2 0 51 � .7 3.0 � .02 0 0 0 214 � 4
2 0 0 52 � .3 3.6 � .02 0 0 0 222 � 2
3 685 � 22 0 12 � .3 .66 � .05 0 57 � 1 .09 � .02 421 � 12
4 0 0 23 � .3 14 � .3 0 0 .14 � .01 1250 � 21
5 203 � 2 0 25 � .4 5.9 � .1 0 24 � 2 .37 � .03 398 � 9
Musgrave 1 49 � .4 36 � 2 76 � .3 .24 � .01 0 15100 � 3500 13 � 1 292 � 5
2 42 � .5 33 � 2 66 � 1 .24 � .03 0 16000 � 2800 12 � 1 280 � 9
3 47 � .5 36 � 2 76 � 1 .23 � .04 0 14300 � 2400 12 � .9 279 � 2
4 38 � 1 60 � 4 58 � .6 .58 � .01 0 18000 � 4100 20 � 2 233 � 4
5 48 � .6 38 � 2 71 � 1 .29 � .02 0 13800 � 1600 13 � .5 274 � 2
Olin 1 29 � 1 .46 � .04 8.9 � .1 .05 � .02 0 1520 � 20 2.8 � .05 48 � 1
2 42 � 16 .39 � .02 8.6 � .1 .04 � .03 0 1060 � 10 2.7 � .07 48 � 1
3 24 � 1 .41 � .05 8.8 � .1 .03 � .02 0 1110 � 8 2.8 � .01 48 � .4
4 20 � 4 .16 � .01 8.2 � .1 .08 � .01 0 453 � 6 1.5 � .04 42 � 1
5 26 � 1 .51 � .06 8.9 � .1 .05 � .02 0 1180 � 15 2.7 � .05 48 � .8
PMC 1 297 � 9 1.2 � .07 30 � .7 .85 � .05 0 4140 � 110 .49 � .03 25 � .7
2 243 � 6 10.7 � .1 21 � .3 .94 � .02 306 � 8 7240 � 170 1.1 � .01 52 � .8
3 242 � 2 13.0 � .4 22 � .2 4.4 � .1 207 � 13 6950 � 70 1.7 � .01 42 � .6
4 228 � 2 12.1 � .2 16 � .4 1.2 � .01 149 � 2 7310 � 150 1.3 � .03 53 � .8
5 233 � 5 11.8 � .1 19 � .4 1.4 � .02 177 � 6 7300 � 70 1.8 � .01 46 � .4
Remington 1 770 � 60 11 � .9 20 � 1 1.1 � .05 0 7400 � 180 66 � 2 87 � 4
2 771 � 40 11 � 2 20 � 3 1.0 � .04 0 7280 � 740 61 � 3 90 � 1
3 1280 � 120 15 � .9 22 � .5 .31 � .01 0 6010 � 190 25 � 1 100 � 5
4 19 � .9 .4 � .02 24 � 2 .24 � .02 0 7400 � 150 12 � 1 118 � 4
5 762 � 50 11 � 1 21 � 1 1.1 � .04 0 7170 � 160 68 � 2 89 � 3
Rio 1 311 � 6 988 � 20 12.2 � .4 3.6 � .06 754 � 95 12200 � 470 4.6 � .2 73 � .3
2 285 � 5 933 � 11 10.1 � .6 3.0 � .05 639 � 71 10000 � 320 3.1 � .1 55 � .2
3 314 � 1 1010 � 25 12.7 � .3 3.6 � .15 790 � 16 12500 � 330 4.8 � .1 74 � 1
4 306 � 1 1030 � 12 12.7 � .3 3.6 � .04 781 � 18 12500 � 290 4.8 � .1 74 � .7
5 198 � 8 668 � 15 11.2 � .2 1.6 � .08 439 � 44 12300 � 740 2.5 � .06 48 � 1
Super-Vel 1 7 � 1 0 38 � 2 1.2 � .02 0 0 .03 � .01 283 � 27
2 22 � 2 0 18 � 1 .77 � .05 0 8.7 � .2 5.6 � .3 373 � 18
3 8 � 1 0 18 � 1 .77 � .05 0 1.3 � .1 5.6 � .3 294 � 34
4 10 � 2 0 38 � 2 1.1 � .14 0 0 0 267 � 11
5 10 � 2 0 40 � .5 1.2 � .05 0 0 0 267 � 4
Toledo 1 58 � .3 29 � .6 3.4 � .2 0 0 11100 � 150 .18 � .10 1.7 � .1
2 11 � 1 10.8 � .7 20 � .4 .8 � .05 0 11000 � 640 .22 � .02 18 � .2
3 15 � 2 8.4 � .6 19 � .7 .6 � .08 0 7000 � 460 .21 � .01 16 � .6
4 40 � 5 20 � 2 5.7 � .1 0 0 20300 � 610 .28 � .08 8.0 � .3
5 10 � 1 4.2 � .4 23 � 3 .7 � .04 0 8300 � 130 .40 � .01 20 � 2
gle sample (Interarms #4) in which both cadmium and bismuth far
exceed any other sample, thereby skewing the analysis. Scatter
plots of each element against each of the other elements showed no
visual correlations, either linear or non-linear.
Table 5 lists the elemental ranges, means, and medians for the 60
bullets analyzed, averages for standard deviations and coefficients