Removal of pharmaceuticals during river bank filtration - LEESU

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Figure 4 Tracer test graph (Payn et al. 2008)In this graph the residence time is calculated from the first part of the curve. The meanbreakthrough time t 1/2 is the time that the tracer concentration takes to reach half the inputconcentration. It is also called the contact time and lead to the filtration velocity v:d is the length of the column.Then, the pore volume PV is the mean breakthrough time multiplied by the flow Q:Finally, the porosity ε is the pore volume divided by the total volume V of the column:28
IV- Investigation on the chemical properties1) Investigated chemicalsThe aim of the experiment is to try and develop a predictive model for the removal of allkinds of OMPs during RBF: The Quantitative Structure-Acticity Relationship (QSAR) model.The list of chemicals tested was based on:1. Physico-chemical properties such as Molecular Weight, log K ow , Log D or charge. Thechemicals tested have to represent all possible cases.2. Research literature in order to be able to compare the results with previous studies.3. Occurrence of OMPs in Dutch rivers.4. The molecular weight which should not be higher than 300 Da because of the desiredmembrane (MWCO of about 300 Da).5. The diversity of the nature of OMP which should represent pharmaceuticals, industrialwaste products, pesticides, etc…The list of the 26 OMPs investigated in the ESTAB project is given in appendix 2.I found interesting to investigate the different molecules and to do an overview of what hadalready been done in previous studies in order to be able to compare the results with the onesof the experiment.Here is the synthesis of what I found concerning the removal of the molecules.2) Expected fate during the experimentIt is important to understand why a molecule is well degraded or not if we want to predict theremoval of future compounds according to their chemical or physical properties. If theprocess of adsorption is rather well understood, the mechanisms of biodegradation are still notwell explained. I gathered in a table (appendix 3) the empirical results obtained in previousexperimental studies for each compound then tried to find a correlation between the resultsand some chemical and physical properties such as the partition coefficient (log K ow ), thedistribution coefficient (log D) which are relevant for adsorption, or the molecular weight andthe charge. I also detailed the characteristics of the soil to be able to compare the results fromthe different experiments more accurately. Indeed, the porosity and the organic content of thesoil seem to favor bacterial growth responsible for biodegradation, and high clay content canexplain good adsorption results.Only 1-4 dioxane, Carbamazepine, TCEP, Norfluoxetine and clofibric acid seemed to beresistant to both adsorption and biodegradation, and were still present in the ground waterafter a few months.NDMA and Dichlorprop are biodegradable but do not adsorb on soils.Benzene, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac could be removed by both adsorption and biodegradation.29
Page 1 and 2: Ecole des Ponts Paristech2011Rappor
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsI am grateful to Pr
Page 5 and 6: AbstractThe occurrence of organic m
Page 7 and 8: vision globale du problème et il e
Page 9 and 10: long dans le sol. Certains composé
Page 11 and 12: de l’adsorption. Une étude gén
Page 13 and 14: Table of contentsIntroduction .....
Page 15 and 16: List of figuresFigure 1 Scheme of t
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionFiltration of river wat
Page 19 and 20: Presentation of the host university
Page 21 and 22: The distribution coefficient is dep
Page 23 and 24: II- Overview of previous studiesAs
Page 25 and 26: III- Presentation of the experiment
Page 27: Table 1 Synthetic table of the expe
Page 31 and 32: ) IbuprofenFormula: C 13 H 18 O 2Mo
Page 33 and 34: diclofenac was almost completely re
Page 35 and 36: In the mean time the conductivity w
Page 37 and 38: 2) Analysis of the tracer experimen
Page 39 and 40: These differences are a problem bec
Page 41 and 42: ConclusionThis internship was a rea
Page 43 and 44: Bibliography43
Page 45 and 46: Lionel Ho, Charlotte Grasset, Danie
Page 47 and 48: Appendixes47
Page 49 and 50: Maeng et al. (2008) Characterisatio
Page 51 and 52: Hoppe-Jones et al. (2010) Three ful
Page 53 and 54: Jekel and Gruenheid (2005) DOC and
Page 56 and 57: Appendix 2: List of 26 OMPs investi
Page 58 and 59: 1,2-dimethylbenzeen (oxyleen)edvalu
Page 60 and 61: Bisphenol A(Hoppe Joneset al., 2010
Page 62 and 63: Ketoprofenet al., 2009)(Barber et a
Page 64 and 65: Appendix 4 : Final tracer experimen
Page 66 and 67: Figure 14 Tracer test column 666

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