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2.2.5 Fire and Explosive HazardFlammable atmosphere pose serious fire and explosion threats to workplace.The permit system requires the space to be monitored before entry and continually toensure that flammable vapors do not accumulate whole while the entrants inside thespace. If reading of 10% or greater of the lower flammable limit of the gas is reachedaccording to the combustible–gas monitoring instrument, the entrants must exit thespace. The probe of the monitoring instrument should be located in the space wherethe vapor is most likely to be located.2.2.6 Mechanical Equipment HazardMechanical devices are design to mix, chop, and stir products. If primaryenergy to derive the devices is not properly locked out, according to 29 C.F.R1910.147, and if energy stored in devices such as accumulators, capacitors,compressed air tanks, etc. is not bled off, equipment may activate and injure or killthe entrance. It is worth nothing that a single machine may have several differentenergy sources.2.2.7 Fall HazardThe OSHA requires all employees to be protected from falling from anysurface 4 feet (29 C.F.R. 1910.23) to 6 feet (29 C.F.R. 1926.501) above adjacentsurface. Each employee o walking or working (horizontal or vertical surface) with anunprotected side or edge that is 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above a lower level mustbe protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety net system, orpersonal fall arrest systems.2.2.8 Environmental Condition HazardOther factors such as extreme temperature may compound the hazard topresent. Any condition that has the potential to distract the entrant from focusing onthe other safety hazards could contribute to an accident or injury. The workplaces are
dark, tiny space, encountering reptiles, rodent, or insects are another potential hazard.In such situation thermal imagers could possibly be used, as any living animal willgive off heat and be visible even in low or no light condition. Noise and vibration areenvironmental conditions that complicate work to rescue. The machinery near theworkplace should be stopped to reduce noise and vibration when ever possible.Psychological hazard of working in restricted space can adversely affect worker.Individuals who are susceptible to claustrophobia could have problems before orduring entry into confined spaces. Employers should attempt to uncover thistendency through training prior to working in actual hazardous condition. Peoplewith minor or moderate claustrophobia anxiety in these working condition can oftenslowly acclimated through training and can learn to overcome the anxiety.Individuals who cannot do so should not be forced to work because they could createdangerous conditions for all the entrants.2.3 SELECTION METHODThere are many method are referred to safety analysis, each with differentfield of application [3]. In general that any one specific method will only cover alimited part of the risk panorama. Extensive descriptions, references and evaluationsof the methods are given by CCPS (1989) Harms-Ringdahl (1993), Lees (1980)Rausand (1991), Suokas (1985) and Suokas and Rouhiainen (1993). The Energyanalysis method is relatively simple and risk analysis expert participation is notrequired (Harms-Ringdahl, 1993). Energy analysis is also called Preliminary HazardAnalysis. A further advantage of Energy analysis is that it is linked to a philosophyfor the development of safety measures (Haddon, 1980). Often an Energy/Coarseanalysis is the first step in a risk analysis process. Job safety analysis is primarilyintended for analyses of well structured activities. Also this method is straightforward and relatively easy to apply. According to Suokas (1985) the quality of theresults (validity and reliability) obtained by Job safety analysis can be impaired bysuch factors as inadequate boundary definition, work steps unintentionally omitted,and variety in the analysis object (e.g. different working methods or auxiliaryequipment may be applied). Some of the criteria that might be used in choice ofmethod are:
Page 4 and 5: CHAPTER 4POLICY AND LEGAL OPTIONS A
Page 8 and 9: ABSTRAKAnalisis keselamatan dengan
Page 10 and 11: 2.2.6 Mechanical Equipment Hazard 7
Page 12 and 13: G Standard from OSHA 71
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF FIGURESFigure No.Page3.1 Ma
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 GENER
Page 20 and 21: 2.1.3 The systematic approachThe an
Page 24: The code number three is safety mea

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