Thermodynamic, Transport, and Chemical Properties of “Reference ...

Accomplishments and New Findings:This report will not necessarily be presented in the order in which work was performed,but rather we will progress from the general topics to the more specific topics. Thus, thechemical analysis and the thermal decomposition measurements that were made, whichnecessarily affect all conclusions that can be drawn from all subsequent measurements,will be presented first. Then, we will present the property measurement work on the purefluids that were needed to support model development. Subsequent to this section, wepresent the measurements on the actual aviation fuels, and then finally thethermodynamic and transport modeling results.Chemical Analyses of JP-8 and Jet-A samples:A total of five individual samples of representative aviation fuels (one JP-8, three Jet-A,one Fischer Tropsch synthetic fuel, S-8) were obtained from the Air Force ResearchLaboratory for this work. The sample of JP-8 was POSF-3773, directly from the WrightPatterson Air Force Base flight line. The three samples of Jet-A were POSF -3602, -3638and -4658, the latter being a composite mixture prepared by AFRL. The syntheticFischer Tropsch fuel was POSF-4734.A chemical analysis was done on each of the fluid samples by gas chromatography massspectrometry (30 m capillary column of 5% phenyl polydimethyl siloxane having athickness of 1 µm, temperature program from 90 to 250 °C, 10 °C per minute). Massspectra were collected for each peak from 15 to 550 RMM (relative molecular mass)units 1, 2 . Chromatographic peaks made up of individual mass spectra were examined forpeak purity, then the mass spectra were used for qualitative identification. Componentsin excess of 0.5 mole percent were selected for identification and tabulated for each fluid.In addition to this detailed analysis, the hydrocarbon type classification based on ASTMD-2789 was performed. These results figure in the overall mixture characterization, andare also used for comparisons with the chemical analyses of individual distillate fractions(discussed in the section on distillation curves). In addition, this approach tocharacterizing the mixtures allows the development of fluid mixture files for equation ofstate development, which will be described later.The chemical analysis typically allows the identification of between 40 and 60 percent(by mass) of the fluid components. There are usually numerous minor components thatcannot be identified because of their low concentrations, and other cases in whichchromatographic peak overlap prevents reliable identification of even the more abundantcomponents. An example of the summary of a chemical analysis for Jet-A (the results forJet-A-4658) is provided in Table 1. Since this fluid represents a composite of samples ofJet-A, additional information is provided for this fluid. In this table, peaks are labeled bynumbers or letters. Lettered peaks are relatively minor but are included for a specificreason, such as to provide a budget for the highly volatile components. The peak profiledescribes how the peak was handled for mass spectral determination. This is typically asingle (S) point, an average (A) or both. The correlation coefficient is a numerical figureof merit describing the match of the analyte peak with a library entry. It is important to