The mobile phone as a platform for assisting the independent living ...

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Figure 7: User wearing the phone as a pendant 76.2 Related workThe scene analysis approach has been previously used in the robotics field, where a robotis equipped with a digital camera. Image taken by the camera is matched against adatabase of images to identify the location.One of the earliest projects that used camera images for indoor localization was the EasyLiving project proposed by Microsoft [55] , [37] . In this work, a set of three cameraswere used to capture 3D images and use them for scene analysis. The problem with thisapproach was its high cost and high processing power to process the 3D images, inaddition to the requirement of extra hardware that are not available everywhere.In [56] , the idea of indoor localization using image matching has been proposed in anadaptive tourism application, where, for each image taken by the user, a set of interestpoints is computed and matched with the interest points of all images stored in thedatabase. The image with the highest match is the one chosen for recognizing the objectthe user is looking to.In the system proposed in [38] , the user is assumed to wear a camera-phone as pendantthat captures images periodically. Images are sent to a central server that maintains adatabase of images and a matching algorithm is run. The probability of success is in theaverage of 50% for corner-level accuracy.An extended system of the above is proposed in [36] , where an alternative algorithmattempts to improve the accuracy of the matching algorithm while maintaining theprocessing overhead and the matching time at acceptable levels.7 Image courtesy of N. Ravi, P. Shankar, A. Frankel, A. Elgammal and L. Iftode, Indoor LocalizationUsing Camera Phones[38]33
6.3 Experimental environment, hardware and programming toolsWe tested this application in the area of a small apartment around 50m 2 . The mobiledevice that was used in our experiments was an HTC Touch Cruise (HTC P3650),operating on Windows Mobile 6 Professional. The camera on this mobile phone is a 3.0megapixel camera. All the desktop and mobile applications were developed in MicrosoftVisual Studio 2008 using Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 in C#. The database forthe needs of our experiments was built using Microsoft SQL Server 2008.6.4 Localization approachFingerprinting is chosen as the localization approach as it is the only technique that canbe used with a mobile phone’s camera (Fig. 8). Generally, fingerprinting has a higheraccuracy then other approaches such as range-combining techniques especially in indoorenvironments with multi path effects.Fig. 8: Scene analysis using photographsThe steps followed for achieving localization are:34
Page 1: ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND
Page 5 and 6: AbstractMobile phones or Personal D
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Page 9 and 10: List of TablesTable 1: Advantages a
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Page 21 and 22: The Amigo project [10] is a joint e
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