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Increased cage and pond culture of groupers is likely to have some localisedadverse environmental impacts, particularly related to water quality degradationassociated with uneaten fish feed and fish wastes. Although published studiesindicate that the overall contributions of nutrients and organic matter fromcoastal cage and pond culture of finfish are small compared with other coastaldischarges, localised water quality changes and sediment accumulation mayoccur [Phillips, 1998 #544]. Such impacts tend to be greater from cage farmsthan from ponds because wastes can be assimilated to some extent within thepond environment, while wastes from cage farms are discharged directly intothe local environment [Phillips, 1998 #544]. However, such impacts are highlylocalised and the overall impact of marine cage culture in coastal environmentsis minor [Phillips, 1998 #544; Wu, 1995 #545].This project will assist in reducing adverse environmental impacts bydeveloping a dry diet for grouper culture to replace the now commonly usedtrash fish diet. Losses associated with feeding trash fish are around 20–38%[Wu, 1995 #545] compared with around 10% for pelleted feeds [Wu, 1995#545; Beveridge, 1996 #551]. Furthermore, this issue will be addressed directlythrough the development of guidelines on environmental management ofgrouper cage aquaculture planned for 2000–2001 under the APEC grouperresearch and development project.Gender impactsThe impacts of this project will be gender neutral. Both men and women areemployed in finfish aquaculture in the affected countries. The outcomes of theproject will result in increased development, and improved sustainability, ofgrouper aquaculture. These outcomes will not impact on one genderexclusively, but will promote the economic development of the community ingeneral.Research problemsThere have been relatively few research problems encountered to date. Some of theactivities associated with the larval nutrition research have been delayed because ofequipment breakdowns, particularly with the gas chromotagraphs at SEAFDEC and atRSCF Gondol. The RSCF GC has been fixed, and SEAFDEC have purchased a newShimadzu GC that should be fully operational soon.Some scientists at partner laboratories have had difficulty in accessing chemicals fortheir experimental work. Where possible, some chemicals have been purchased inAustralia and supplied to facilitate the research at partner laboratories.An on-going constraint is the limited success of larval rearing of groupers for theplanned nutrition work in Australia. It is unlikely that the required numbers and sizesof juvenile groupers can be collected from the wild. CSIRO’s Cleveland laboratory isan accredited quarantine station, so we will probably resolve this problem by importingjuvenile groupers from the overseas partner laboratories, running the required nutritionexperiments under strict quarantine procedures, and disposing of the fish once theexperiments are finished.ACIAR Project FIS/97/73 – Annual Report – June 2000 28
Publications and other communication activitiesPublicationsThe proceedings of the ACIAR–NACA workshop on Grouper Aquaculture Research,held in Bangkok on 7–8 April 1998 have been published by NACA. This documentprovides a valuable reference, since it includes overviews of the status of grouperaquaculture in most countries in the Asia-Pacific region; detailed technicalinformation on grouper production technology; and an assessment of research needsand priorities for the sustainable development of grouper aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region. Copies of the proceedings are available from NACA.Project results and progress have been reported at a range of conferences, workshopsand meetings throughout the region. These include:• 9 th International Symposium on Nutrition and Feeding in Fish, held at Seagaia,Miyazaki, Japan, 21–25 May 2000.• The APEC Collaborative Grouper R&D Network Workshops held in Hat Yai,Thailand, 7–9 April 1999; and at Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia, 17–19 April 2000.• The Annual Conference and Exposition of the World Aquaculture Society, held inSydney, Australia, 26 April – 2 May 1999.• First International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia, Taiwan FisheriesResearch Institute, Tungkang Marine Laboratory, Tungkang, Taiwan, 2–6November 1999.• Fifth Asian Fisheries Forum, held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 11–14 November1998.A full list of project publications is appended (Appendix 5).Other communication activitiesGrouper electronic newsletterThe grouper electronic newsletter, compiled and sent by Sih-Yang Sim (NACA).Yang has sent out four editions of the newsletter to date and it currently has over 160subscribers.‘Grouper News’ in regional aquaculture magazinesWe have arranged for the regional aquaculture magazine ‘Aquaculture Asia’(published by NACA) to carry a ‘Grouper News’ section that provides updates onactivities within the region on the development of sustainable grouper aquaculture.This has appeared regularly since July 1998. Many of these articles are also includedin ‘The Live Reef Fish Bulletin’.Web siteWe have established a web site for the ACIAR grouper aquaculture project(http://naca.fisheries.go.th/aciar/). This is linked to the NACA grouper web site(http://naca.fisheries.go.th/grouper/) and contains the outline of the project anddetailed project documentation. The site is maintained by Sih-Yang Sim and isupdated regularly.ACIAR Project FIS/97/73 – Annual Report – June 2000 29
Page 3 and 4: Larval rearing trials at GRSCF with
Page 5 and 6: The Electronic Grouper Newsletter w
Page 7 and 8: Progress of Research WorkProject Ob
Page 9: Ketut Suwirya visited CSIRO’s Div
Page 12 and 13: calcitrans or Nannochlorum sp. for
Page 14 and 15: from 2 to 36 larvae/litre. Live foo
Page 16 and 17: 3.2 Nutritional composition3.2.1 Ch
Page 18 and 19: Survival ranged from 83-97% and did
Page 20 and 21: contains the outline of the project
Page 22 and 23: Programme (BOBP/FAO), and NACA. The
Page 24 and 25: • Improvement of diets for copepo
Page 26 and 27: 5. Ridwan, M; Master degree of Hasa
Page 30 and 31: Value of the researchSocial benefit
Page 32 and 33: • Mike Rimmer travelled to Vietna

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