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126 Monica Guireliable in this case 123 . When need arose, it was not unusual to use whatever came in handy,even items hardly recognisable as medical, although starting from the first century AD there isa gradual increase of purpose-made instruments 124 . Besides, ancient text mention a variety ofimplements made of glass, wood or other organic materials that have not survived; furthermore,one might suspect there were a lot of fine iron implements, like cauteries or blades, which, overtime, became corroded beyond recognition 125 . What is apparent though is the prevalence ofpersonal care and hygiene, which is surprising only if we forget that, apart from being effectivepreventive methods, were equally important for being (or trying to be) ‘Roman’.REFERENCESALICU/COCIȘ 1989D. ALICU/S. COCIȘ, Instrumentele medicale de la Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa. Apulum 26,1989, 223–236.APARASCHIVEI 2010D. APARASCHIVEI, Being a Physician in Moesia Inferior. Dacia 54, 2010, 157–175.ALLASON-JONES 1999L. ALLASON-JONES, Health Care in the Roman North. Britannia 30, 1999, 133–146.BAKER 2000P. BAKER, Medical Care for the Roman Army on the Rhine, Danube and British Frontiers inthe First, Second and Early Third Centuries AD. PhD thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne(Newcastle 2000).BAKER 2004P. BAKER, Roman Medical Instruments: Arcaheological Interpretations of their Possible ‘Nonfunctional’Uses.Social History of Medicine 17/1, 2004, 3–21.BĂRBULESCU 1997M. BĂRBULESCU, Castrul legionar de la Potaissa (Turda) (Zalău 1997).BĂRBULESCU/CĂTINAȘ/LUCA/HUSAR/HUSARIK/GREC/BĂRBULESCU 1999M. BĂRBULESCU/A. CĂTINAȘ/C. LUCA/A. HUSAR/P. HUSARIK/M. GREC/C. BĂRBULESCU, The Baths of the Legionary Fortress at Potaissa. In N. Gudea (edit.),Roman Frontier Studies. Proceedings of the XVII th International Congress of Roman FrontierStudies(Zalău 1999), 431–441.BENEA 1975D. BENEA, Un medic al legiunii a VII Claudia la Drobeta în timpul războaielor marcomanice.Sargetia 11–12, 1975–1975, 303–306.BONDOC 2005D. BONDOC, Atestări arheologice ale practicilor medicale romane la Cioroiul Nou, județulDolj. Drobeta 15, 2005, 138–147.BONDOC/GUDEA 2009D. BONDOC/N. GUDEA, Castrul roman de la Răcari. Încercare de monografie(Cluj-Napoca2009).BOON 1991G. C. BOON, ‘Tonsor Humanus’: Razor and Toilet-Knife in Antiquity. Britannia 22, 1991,21–32.123JACKSON 2011, 268 points out that there was no material evidence of medical practices in the Vindolandaforts and vici, but the writing tablets mention a medicus (Tab. Vindol. II, 156), a valetudinarium (Tab. Vindol II,155), patients and afflictions (Tab. Vindol. II, 154), remedies (Tab. Vindol. II, 294) and pharmacists (Tab. Vindol.III, 586).124JACKSON 2011, 249.125JACKSON 1986, 120, 155; JACKSON 2011, 250; MILNE 1907, 56; glass stirring rods, for example, werefound in Augusta Raurica (RIHA 1986, Taf. 16–17).
Evidence for Medical and Personal Care in the Case of the Roman Army in Dacia127CHIRILĂ/GUDEA/LUCĂCEL/POP 1972E. CHIRILĂ/N. GUDEA/V. LUCĂCEL/C. POP, Castrul roman de la Buciumi. Contribuții lacercetarea limesului Daciei Porolissensis (Cluj 1972).COCIȘ 1993S. COCIȘ, Instrumente medicale din Dacia romană. Apulum 27–30, 1993, 241–249.COCIȘ 2003S. COCIȘ, Medical Instruments in Roman Dacia. In L. Petculescu (edit.), Antique Bronzes inRomania. Exhibition Catalogue (Bucharest 2003), 63.CRIȘAN 1971I. H. CRIȘAN, Asklepeionul roman de la Apulum.Apulum 9, 1971, 341–346.CRUMMY 1983N. CRUMMY, Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman Small Finds from Excavationsin Colchester 1971–9. Colchester Archaeological Report 2 (Colchester 1983).DAVIES 1969R. W. DAVIES, The Medici of the Roman Armed Forces.Epigraphische Studien (Düsseldorf1969), 83–99.DIACONESCU/OPREANU 1987A. DIACONESCU/C. OPREANU, Bronzuri romane din castrul de la Gilău. StCercIstorV38/1, 1987, 52–71.DUMITRAȘCU 1983S. DUMITRAȘCU, O trusă de instrumente medicale (chirurgicale) romane descoperită laAlba-Iulia. Apulum 21, 1983, 111–114.FLUTUT/FLUTUR 2007A. FLUTUR/L. FLUTUR, O pensetă medicală și un bronz din castrul Bersobis. AnaleleBanatului 15, 2007, 75–83.GOSTAR 1956N. GOSTAR, Inscripții și monumente din Germisara.Sargetia 3, 1956, 57–99.GUDEA 1979N. GUDEA, Castrul roman de la Inlănceni (încercare de monografie).ActaMusPorol 3, 1979,149–269.GUDEA 1997aN. GUDEA, Castrul roman de la Moigrad-Pomet. Porolissum 1(Zalău 1997).GUDEA 1997bN. GUDEA, Castrul roman de la Bologa-Resculum (Zalău 1997).GUDEA 2008N. Gudea, Castrul roman de la Feldioara. Încercare de monografie arheologică (Cluj-Napoca2008).GUDEA/BAJUSZ 1991N. GUDEA, I. BAJUSZ, Ace de păr din os de la Porolissum. ActaMusPorol 14–15, 1990–1991,81–126.GUDEA/BAJUSZ 1992N. GUDEA/I. BAJUSZ, Instrumente medicale şi ustensile folosite de medicii şi farmaciştiiromani din Dacia Porolissensis. Contribuţii la studiul medicinei romane. ActaMusPorol 16,1992, 249–291.GUDEA/POP 1971N. GUDEA/I. I. POP, Castrul roman de la Rîșnov-Cumidava. Contribuții la cercetarea limesuluide sud-est al Daciei romane (Brașov 1971).IGNA 1936N. IGNA, Instrumente chirurgicale romane găsite la Apulum. Anuarul Institutului de StudiiClasice II, 1933–1935 (Cluj 1936), 223–227.JACKSON 1986R. JACKSON, A Set of Roman Medical Instruments from Italy. Britannia 17, 1986, 119–167.
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