Food and nutrition - Macmillan

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UNIT 1Lesson 4: Food and energyThe energy content of packaged foods is shown on the food label. The label also providesother nutrition information such as the fat, fi bre and salt content of the food.A c t i v i t y 2Make a collection of food labels from packaged foods. Which foods contain the mostcalories per 100 g? Which have the most fat? Which have the most salt?Fascinating factOne calorie is the amountof heat energy needed toraise the temperatureof 1 litre of water by 1degree Celsius (1°C).What you have learntDifferent foods provide different amounts of ____.Scientists measure the energy content of foods byburning them in a ____. When you are resting, yourbody needs about one ____ of energy per minute. Yourenergy needs increase when you are active. Fats andoils are the most energy-rich foods. The energy contentof packaged foods can be found on the ____ ____.Key wordscalorie calorimeterenergy food labelCheck your progress1 How many calories are contained in 100 g of fat?2 How many calories does an active teenager require each day?3 Predict what will happen if you eat too many calories each day.22Living things: Human body
UNIT 1DigestionThe food you eat is digested as it passes throughyour alimentary canal. Digestion is the process inwhich food is broken down into simpler substancesthat your body can use.Lesson 5When you have completed thislesson you will be able to:• describe how food movesthrough the alimentary canal• explain how food is digestedand absorbed as it passesthrough the digestive systemFascinating factYou can swallow food when you are lyingdown, or even when you are hangingupside down. Astronauts can swallowfood in space. These observationsprove that the food is not just pulleddown by the force of gravity.The alimentary canal is really just a longtube with your mouth, the entrance, atone end, and your anus, the exit at theother. If you laid out this tube in a straightline it would be about 7 metres (m) long.When you swallow a ball of food it beginsits journey from one end of this tube to theother – but how does it move?A c t i v i t y 1Investigating movement through thealimentary canal• Use the tape to measure a 7m length ofhose. This is the length of your alimentarycanal.• Can you make the marble move throughthe tube? How can you use your hand tomake it move in either direction?You can make a marble move along the tubeby squeezing the tube just behind it. Balls offood move through the alimentary canal injust the same way.You will need:a tape measure, a hosepipe, amarble slightly bigger than theinside diameter of the pipe.gulletfoodmuscles squeezeThe walls of the alimentary canal contain muscle tissue. They move aball of food along by squeezing behind and relaxing in front. It’s a bit likesqueezing toothpaste from a tube.Living things: Human body23
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Food and nutrition - Macmillan

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