a sequence of physical events - Three Mile Island

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COVER:A heat-sensitive DOE photograph of Three Mile Island taken on the eighth day of the accident. Yellow areasare at a higher temperature.Available fromGPO Sales ProgramDivision of Technical Information and Document ControlU.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionWashington, D.C. 20555andNational Technical Information ServiceSpringfield, Virginia 22161
Page 4 and 5: AVAILABILITY OFREFERENCESThe docume
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSAvailability of ReferencesO
Page 8 and 9: j . Alternative Accident Sequence 9
Page 10 and 11: OUTLINE OF VOLUME IIPARTS 1,2,AND3P
Page 12 and 13: II. THE ACCIDENTAND ITS ANALYSIS
Page 14 and 15: FIGURE II-1. The Condensate and Fee
Page 16 and 17: FIGURE 11-2. The Emergency Feedwate
Page 18 and 19: sion of plant operation with leakin
Page 20 and 21: FIGURE 11-4. The PressurizerThe pre
Page 22 and 23: no water collects in the bottom unt
Page 24 and 25: FIGURE 11-6. The Reactor and Reacto
Page 26 and 27: FIGURE 11-7. Main Steam Lines and D
Page 28 and 29: core was uncovered. It is impossibl
Page 30 and 31: The letdown sample lines had now be
Page 32 and 33: able, seal steam is provided by the
Page 34 and 35: the high temperature in the buildin
Page 36 and 37: the upper head of the reactor vesse
Page 38 and 39: psi drop in pressure and a 22-inch
Page 40 and 41: operators encountered difficulty in
Page 42 and 43: calculation with the results of a m
Page 44 and 45: REFERENCES AND NOTESI Postaccident
Page 46 and 47: adwaste system, personnel training,
Page 48 and 49: TABLE II-1. Radionuclides released
Page 50 and 51: uilding because of normal component
Page 52 and 53:
TABLE 11-2. Liquid releases from TM
Page 54 and 55:
FIGURE II-11. Unit 2 Industrial Was
Page 56 and 57:
It was necessary to maintain some l
Page 58 and 59:
FIGURE 11-13. General Building Arra
Page 60 and 61:
TABLE 11-3. 1-131 releasesTime Peri
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for which the charcoal sample cartr
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e computed for each onsite TLD moni
Page 66 and 67:
TABLE 11-6. Analyses of carbon expo
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liary building filter systems. Remo
Page 70 and 71:
TABLE II-8. Radioactive water volum
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• HEPA filters installed in the v
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FIGURE 11-14. Location of Onsite TL
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COLOR PLATE II. MAP OF TMI 2 AREA
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TABLE II-12. NRC TLD locations 81 3
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FIGURE 11-15. Location of HEW Monit
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TABLE 11-13. Raw milk sample progra
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TABLE II-14. Source locations for H
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TABLE II-14. Source locations for H
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TABLE 11-1 5. EPA air sampling and
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TABLE 11-17. Summary of significant
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TABLE I1-18. Summary of significant
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highest exposure rate seen on site
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trace (6.7 pCi/I) of 137 Cs. This t
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TABLE 11-20. Met Ed Teledyne and RM
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TABLE 11-21. Net exposures, attribu
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TABLE 11-22. NRC TLD data-radiation
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(HEW) also placed TLDs around the s
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plume. Based on the TLD data, the m
Page 108 and 109:
TABLE 11-25. Occupational dose Marc
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TABLE 11-28. Summary of various pro
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TABLE 11-31. Selected estimates of
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population dose is believed to be s
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high efficiency particulate air and
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Met Ed's position of supervisor of
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ical specifications or the FSAR and
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FIGURE 11-19. Emergency Organizatio
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FIGURE 11-20. Emergency Organizatio
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• technicians be given training a
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TABLE 11-33. Radiation protection t
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to assure that radiation protection
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TABLE 11-36. Atmospheric monitoring
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The NRC staff concluded in the SER
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The maintenance, inspection, and de
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installation and operation. The sec
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2. The combination of health physic
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in their programs. The conduct of t
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the NRC's licensing process. Transc
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Office of Nuclear Energy Programs,
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Team Actions: Three Mile Island Inc
Page 150 and 151:
237E.L. Murri and S.F. LaVie, "Gene
Page 152 and 153:
C PLANT BEHAVIOR ANDCORE DAMAGE1. D
Page 154 and 155:
Pressurizer SizeThe pressurizer is
Page 156 and 157:
TABLE 11-40. Pressurizer sizingPlan
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this event is relevant, then the fr
Page 160 and 161:
Capability of the PORV to Pass Two-
Page 162 and 163:
The particular influence of the sur
Page 164 and 165:
tinued. Under these circumstances s
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substantial increase in the leak ra
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Findings- Contamination of ESF and
Page 170 and 171:
Findings-Resolution of the issue of
Page 172 and 173:
About 7 hours into the accident an
Page 174 and 175:
equipment for this design change wa
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polisher air operated outlet valves
Page 178 and 179:
TABLE 11-44. Accident monitoring in
Page 180 and 181:
TABLE 11-46. System rangesItemSyste
Page 182 and 183:
Pressurizer Temp. 1 2 2 A,F 2 0-700
Page 184 and 185:
Nuclear ServicesClosed Cooling Serv
Page 186 and 187:
TABLE 11-48. Accuracy required by F
Page 188 and 189:
TABLE 11-50. Estimated recorder rea
Page 190 and 191:
fast breeder reactor underwent a fu
Page 192 and 193:
after flooding should be considered
Page 194 and 195:
TABLE 11-53. Definitions and abbrev
Page 196 and 197:
FIGURE 11-24. Coolant System Flow D
Page 198 and 199:
COLOR PLATE III. PLOT OF SYSTEM PAR
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COLOR PLATE V. EXPANDED TIME PLOT O
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ange. (This may be a minimum readin
Page 204 and 205:
period, so that much more condensat
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HPI was again initiated at 3 hours
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then slowly dropped down to about 5
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Block Valve-closed at 11 hours 9 mi
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a path from the BWST through the ma
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ducted by EPRI-NSAC. 176 Both the r
Page 216 and 217:
TABLE 11-55. Critical observations1
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FIGURE 11-29. Reactor Primary Syste
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to letdown flow and open PORV, and
Page 222 and 223:
FIGURE 11-30. Fuel Temperature Hist
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However, the maximum depths for for
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the period, at the same time the pr
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per minute reported in NUREG-0600 1
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cessfully, so vacuum was being esta
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at 2 hours 54 minutes, although add
Page 234 and 235:
TABLE 11-56. Activity in release gr
Page 236 and 237:
curs rapidly as the temperature app
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more soluble than hydrogen. Both fa
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change of density because of temper
Page 242 and 243:
for building conditions, where the
Page 244 and 245:
ottom of the fuel in the fuel rods.
Page 246 and 247:
FIGURE 11-35. Events in the Progres
Page 248 and 249:
FIGURE 11-36. Reactor Building Resp
Page 250 and 251:
most threatened. A combination of e
Page 252 and 253:
this reason, the most likely path s
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Denton, NRC, to Commissioners, "Int
Page 256 and 257:
Mile Island Accident by Office of I
Page 258 and 259:
Some of these organizations were co
Page 260 and 261:
time, the loss of coolant would hav
Page 263 and 264:
FIGURE 11-38. Event Tree for Parame
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and not a continuous steam discharg
Page 267 and 268:
TABLE 11-59. Description of alterna
Page 269 and 270:
eactor coolant system would have re
Page 271 and 272:
FIGURE 11-40. Comparison of Base Ca
Page 273 and 274:
the time of block valve closure (at
Page 275 and 276:
issue are further discussed in Sect
Page 277 and 278:
TABLE 11-60. Possible systems optio
Page 279 and 280:
REFERENCES AND NOTES1 NRC, "Staff R
Page 281 and 282:
after the accident began, and the r
Page 283 and 284:
water to overfill the tank, causing
Page 285 and 286:
FIGURE 11-45. EFW Block Valve Contr
Page 287 and 288:
This problem with the alarm systems
Page 289 and 290:
creased significantly within both t
Page 292 and 293:
FIGURE 11-48. TMI Control Room (Pos
Page 294 and 295:
pects of the TMI-2 control room des
Page 296 and 297:
FIGURE 11-50. Pressurizer Heater Co
Page 298 and 299:
1. INDICATION BELOW THIS LINE CANNO
Page 300 and 301:
• Labels do not always correspond
Page 302 and 303:
tions to use these controls or moni
Page 304 and 305:
monitored and at other times in omi
Page 306 and 307:
oral examination as required by 10
Page 308 and 309:
and upgrading are required. These e
Page 310 and 311:
FIGURE 11-54. B&W Simulator -Showin
Page 312 and 313:
clear powerplants. The Navy nuclear
Page 314 and 315:
licensed operator was on duty in ea
Page 316 and 317:
eview are very similar to the desig
Page 318 and 319:
• operating and emergency procedu
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shifts be manned by a minimum of on
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10 C.F.R. 55.4(f). July 5,1977.47 T
Page 324 and 325:
174. at 556.175 Id. at 937.178 14.
Page 326 and 327:
of Policy and Planning. Additional
Page 328 and 329:
station's hourly newscast. A commen
Page 330 and 331:
a. EvacuationLocal interest in news
Page 332 and 333:
FIGURE 11-60. Percent of Pregnant W
Page 334 and 335:
The majority of persons (78%) evacu
Page 336 and 337:
emergency group would be responsibl
Page 338 and 339:
time of the accident, 48% of respon
Page 340 and 341:
FIGURE 11-69. Public Assessment of
Page 342 and 343:
TABLE 11-64. Economic costs of the
Page 344 and 345:
the prospect of evacuation at midda
Page 346 and 347:
Pennsylvania because of concern ove
Page 348 and 349:
local resource commitment, however,
Page 350 and 351:
other than catch retained had retur
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REFERENCES AND NOTES'The President'
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DateTimeafterinitiationInformationP
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EventNumberDateTimeafterinitiationE
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Time Information PostaccidentEvent
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EventNumberTimeDate after Eventinit
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TimeEvent Date afterNumberinitiatio
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APP. TABLE II-1. Filter system oper
Page 414 and 415:
, APP. TABLE 11-2. Physical propert
Page 416 and 417:
REFERENCES AND NOTES1 R. R. Bellamy
Page 418 and 419:
APP. TABLE 11-6. Radiological envir
Page 420 and 421:
REFERENCES AND NOTES'Met Ed Radiolo
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equipped with a greater variety of
Page 424 and 425:
APP. TABLE 11-7. Field Ge(Li) and H
Page 426 and 427:
REFERENCES AND NOTES'"Region I Radi
Page 428 and 429:
4. Vertical Plume Distribution-This
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REFERENCES AND NOTES1 M. H. Dickers
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ITEM DATE AND TIME EVENT DESCRIPTIO
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Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
APPENDIX 11.7CALCULATION OF LEACHIN
Page 444 and 445:
REFERENCES AND NOTES1 Y.B. Katayama
Page 446 and 447:
alpha Zircaloy whether or not the e
Page 448 and 449:
APP. TABLE 11-9. TMIBOIL calculatio
Page 450 and 451:
APP. FIGURE 11-5. Fuel Temperature
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
APP. FIGURE II-17. Fuel Temperature
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about 10 minutes after the block va
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APPENDIX 11.9HYDROGEN CALCULATIONSR
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I f a bubble is present only at the
Page 464 and 465:
APP. FIGURE 11-21. Bubble Volume at
Page 466 and 467:
APPENDIX 11.10ANALYSIS AND CALCULAT
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APP. FIGURE 11-23. The Pressurizer
Page 470 and 471:
TABLE 1. Hydrogen solubility data-C
Page 472 and 473:
depressurization (10). The model de
Page 474 and 475:
APP. FIGURE 11-27. B&W Test #3-Prop
Page 476 and 477:
APP. FIGURE 11-29. Reactor Coolant
Page 478 and 479:
REFERENCES AND NOTES'D. M. Himmelbl
Page 480 and 481:
Calculational ModelOverall dimensio
Page 482 and 483:
3. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF SOURCERAN
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the same in the downcomer and the c
Page 486 and 487:
APP. FIGURE 11-34. SRM Reading Vers
Page 488 and 489:
APP. FIGURE 11-36. SRM Reading Vers
Page 490 and 491:
APP. FIGURE 11-38. Comparison of Pa
Page 492 and 493:
APP. FIGURE 11-41. Input Conditions
Page 494 and 495:
Using a highly modified version of
Page 496 and 497:
APP. FIGURE II-42. Hydrogen Invento
Page 498 and 499:
APP. FIGURE 11-44. Hydrogen Pressur
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APP. FIGURE 11-46. Water Inventory
Page 502 and 503:
APP. FIGURE 11-48. Water Height in
Page 504 and 505:
APP. FIGURE 11-50. Water Height in
Page 506 and 507:
5. STATUS OF THE REACTOR CORE BASED
Page 508:
APP. FIGURE 11-53. Percent of Total
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