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OUTLINEKey Issues and MotivationsElectrochemical or Biosensor System andApplicationsThe Technical Challenges of Sensor ReadoutCircuit DesignFuture work and References2012/5/21 3
Key Issues and Motivation (1)sensorsSignal ProcessingInstrumentationAutomatic control, calibration, optimizationPhysical, Chemical,Biological typesField Applications2012/5/21 4
Electronic SensingSeeSmellTaste2012/5/21 5
Sensors Inspired by Nature• Color Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_tasting• Flavor Taste• Air, Water, Wine,Food,…• Why biomimeticsystem?Ref: Change, J.B. Subramanian, V., “Electronic Noses Sniff Success,”Spectrum, IEEE, pp. 50-56, March 20082012/5/21 6
Sensors Inspired by Nature• Touch ( 電 子 皮 膚 )• Sight ( 電 子 眼 )• Sound ( 電 子 耳 )• Smell ( 電 子 鼻 )• Taste ( 電 子 舌 )(Ref: spie.org)2012/5/21 7
電 子 舌 (Electronic Tongue)• 電 子 舌 是 新 興 的 研 究 領 域 , 它 是 一 種 仿生 物 味 覺 系 統• 電 子 舌 信 號 感 測 原 理 主 要 為 電 化 學 式 與光 學 式pH/pCl/.. (Ion Sensor) Device//BioSensor Sensing MembraneElectronic Tongue/Sensor ArrayInterfacing/AlgorithmSignal Processing /Sensor Network2012/5/21 8
電 子 舌 廣 義 應 用 研 究 之 價 值水 安 全 監 控休 閒 設 施 、 工 業 、 及 飲 用 水 H+, Cl- 濃 度應 用建 康 指 標 之 判 斷生 物 醫 學 應 用 , 氯 濃 度 測 試 (ChlorideTest) 可 用 於 糖 尿 病 代 謝 之 酮 酸 中 毒(diabetic ketoacidosis) 檢 測2012/5/21 9
pH( 酸 鹼 值 ) – 環 境 監 控標 準 之 檢 測 頭 (sensor tip) 可進 行 微 量 檢 體 (20ul) 之 酸 鹼 度偵 測• 低 成 本 ISFET 酸 鹼 度 儀(pH meter)• 可 更 換 之 感 測 頭 (sensor tip)• 食 品 、 土 壤 、 廢 水 、 泳 池與 其 他 樣 本 之 快 速 酸 鹼 度讀 取http://www.topac.comhttp://www.deltatrak.com/24003.pdf2012/5/21 10
Chloride ( 氯 離 子 )– 水 質 監 測 與 應 用• 氯 化 作 用 (Chlorination)- 氯 與 水 反 應 所 形 成 的 酸 可 殺細 菌 與 藻 類 (algae)- 衛 生 (Sanitation )、 消 毒(disinfectant)- 適 當 之 氯 離 子 濃 度 Cl -(0.1 – 1 ppm)2012/5/21 11
Introduction to Electrochemical orBiosensor System and Applications2012/5/21 12
Quality of LifeDeterioratingRetirement age 60~65Average life span Age 78 man /80 womanElectronic Tongue & ProcessorDataProcessing& DecisionMakingReadout &ConditioningCircuitrySensorArraysDrinkingWaterSensorArraysReadout &ConditioningCircuitryDataProcessing& OutputDriverPDA/Hand-heldDisplayWireNetworkMicro Total Analysis SystemWirelessNetwork2012/5/21 13
Issue (I)ISFET type potentiometric sensors2012/5/21 14
Why Electronic Tongue System and ISFETsLiquid Environment / Potentiometric SensorsMISFETISFETencapsulationSV gsV dsG - metalic gatelength (L)>width (W)>DS - sourceV gsV dsG> referenceelectrodeD - drain>electrolyte+ +nnp-Sipassivation+ +n n +np-SiSiO 2insulatorSi 3N4channelbulkSiO 2/Si N3 42012/5/21 15
FROM MOSFET TO ISFET (1)Ref.http://www.namquang.com/equipment/pHmeter/iqph.htm2012/5/21 16
FROM MOSFET TO ISFET (2)2012/5/21 17
Basic ISFET2012/5/21 18
Original Readout Structure2012/5/21 19
Readout Circuit with BandgapRef: Chung, Wen-Yaw et. al USA patent 69062542012/5/21 20
Bandgap Reference Circuit (1)2012/5/21 21
Bandgap Reference Circuit (2)2012/5/21 22
Readout Circuit with Bandgap2012/5/21 23
Post-layout simulation results2012/5/21 24
Technology for ISFET sensor arrayGate size: Gate dielectrics: Junctions depth:CMOS SOIW chan= 600 m d SiO2= 65 nm X well= 6 m 1.5 mL chan= 16 m d Si3N4= 65 nm X J-S/D= 1.5 m 1.5 mp-welln-substratep-channel stoperp-substratep-channel stoperI Dsat [mA] V T[V] I off[pA]p-well MOSFET(CMOS)52.5 -0.3 26.9SOI MOSFET 522.0 -0.95 714.02012/5/21 25
1.3 ISFET Electronic Tongue for Multi IonsISFETSensorsISFETReadoutCircuits2012/5/21 26
Sensor Interfacing design2012/5/21 27
ISFET Readout Circuit• CVCC• Analog switch• Low frequencynoise filteringR1C1R3R4IS F E TRR2C2~~ ~RRR-1VV outdecoderProf. Chung’s Lab. (2005)「Ion Sensing Circuit」USA Patient no.2012/5/21 28
ISFET pH meter single chip design•The proposed ISFET-based pH meterby using a single ASIC chip withperipheral interface•Key building blocks of an ISFET-based pH meterAnalog ModuleMixed-Signal Circuit3 ½ Digit LED/LCDASICOn-ChipCrystalOscillatorISFETSensorBandgap ReferenceBandgap ReferenceReadout & Amp.Readout & Amp.CircuitCircuit10 bits10 bitsDual-SlopeDual-SlopeADCADCX1ISFETLCD/LEDDisplayLCD/LEDDecoding CircuitTwo-pointCalibrationLO7LO4RESETSTARTR1C1Digital ModuleProf. Chung’s Lab (2004) Microelectronic Journal2012/5/21 29
Chip Implementation and System•VT extractor & 溫 度 補 償 電 路(Temperature compensating circuit)•pH meter ASIC 單 晶 片 設 計•On-board prototypingProf. Chung’s Lab (2004) Microelectronic Journal2012/5/21 30
Body-effect Improvement & P-well ISFET•.• TSMC 0.35m 2P4MCMOS process.• Chip Area 9.19.1 mm 2Prof. Chung’s Lab. (2008/04) 「Ion Sensing Circuit with body-effectreduction」USA patent 73689172012/5/21 31
Issue (II)Screen printed type amperometricsensorsSlides NO. 32-33: PAS, Prof.Dorota’s talk 2008/CYCU2012/5/21 32
AMPEROMETRICSENSORS• Enzymatic biosensors withcoenzyme• ImmunosensorsElectrochemical sensorsAmperometricsensors• Screen printed sensors • Silicon sensorsCEWERE2012/5/21 33
Amperometric sensors• 以 氧 化 還 原 的 原 理 , 用 葡 萄 糖 酵 素 GOD 使 葡 萄糖 氧 化 為 葡 萄 糖 酸 , 釋 放 出 電 子 , 在 外 加 電 壓 的情 況 下 , 產 生 電 流GOx• Glucose + O 2+ 2H 2O Gluconicacid + 2H 2O 2(1)• H 2O 22H + + O 2+ 2e - (2)• 4H + + O 2+ 4e - 2H 2O(3)2012/5/21 34
Two and three-electrode electrode methods一 般 之 電 化 學 方 法 利 用 可 分 為 二 電 極 式 與 三電 極 式純 電 流電 流 與 電 壓純 電 壓形 成 迴 路2012/5/21 35
Wide-range amperometric sensing circuitSystemArchitecturePotentiostatCurrent-modeDACCEREWEBandgapCurrent-modeADCDigitalLabVIEWMicroprocessorPersonal ComputerGlucose Sensing System Diagram2012/5/21 36
Current-to-Current Transfer ModeRef.: Prof. Chung’s Lab. (2011/04) 「Signal Readout Circuit of amperometric sensors」USA patent 7919959372012/5/21 37
2012/5/21 38Wide-Range Potentiostat33331 111momomingrgrgRsensormsensorOTARgRsAsA31)() (C eqRinRsensorP)//(21138
3-Electrode Amperometric ReadoutSchematic DiagramChip Implementation2012/5/21 39
Performance SpecificationsTechnologyPower SupplyOxidation BiasSensing Range (below 1% Error)Power ConsumptionMXIC 0.50um 1P2M CMOSVDD=3.6V, VSS=0VVOX=3.2V (Redox Potential=0.4V)2.491 nA to 73.459uA316.639 uW to 853.345 uW2012/5/21 41
Amperometric Readout Chipsampero1 Chipampero2 ChipComplete AmperometricReadout ChipSeparate Sub-circuitswith Test Points2012/5/21 42
複 合 式 讀 出 電 路整 合 電 流 及 電 位 式 電 路 , 用 開 關 來 切 換 其 不 同 模 式Vdd+Vin- WERRECEVoutV BGRM1M2(B)432012/5/21 43
複 合 式 讀 出 電 路 系 統 與 佈 局TSMC 018um 1P6M process, 1.87 *1.863mm2Ref: Jun-Bin Chen, Wen-Yaw Chung*, and Chao-Jen Huang research work, 20112012/5/21 44
III.Conclusion and future works2012/5/21 45
Global Research StatusNetherlands/Poland*Lab-On-a-ChipRussiaWater/Air & FoodKorea/ChinaFake WineJapanWater/FoodFrance*/SpanWater/Air/PhysiologicalChung-Yuan Uinv.*Water/Air/PhysiologicalSingaporeSnake ceriumMalaysia*Precision Agriculture New ZealandGrass Toxic Testhttp://www.overseasstudy.cn/info_center/worldmaps/2012/5/21 46
Wireless Sensor NetworkIP-Based無 線 感 測 網 路 (Wireless Sensor Network)ServerPDAGatewayPC感 測 節 點SensorNodeCourtesy of MIMOS, Malaysia2012/5/21 47
Integrated WorksElectronic Tongue & ProcessorDataProcessing& DecisionMakingReadout &ConditioningCircuitrySensorArraysDrinkingWaterSensorArraysReadout &ConditioningCircuitryDataProcessing& OutputDriverPDA/Hand-heldDisplayWireNetworkWirelessNetworkMicro Total Analysis System2012/5/21 48
Future Vision• 生 醫 福 祉 工 程BioMedical Wellness(BMW) Engineering• 電 子 舌 與 優 質 生 活Electronic TongueSystem Design forSmart-living Space• 實 驗 室 晶 片uTAS/Lab-on-a-chipReactorMixerCarrierSensorSampleAgent 1PumpAgent 2ValvesMicro Total Analysis Systems, µTAS2012/5/21 49
My future is not a dream!Ref: Change, J.B. Subramanian, V., “Electronic Noses Sniff Success,”Spectrum, IEEE, pp. 50-56, March 20082012/5/21 50
Acknowledgement-International Team MembersHarold Szu 1,a,b , Wen-Yaw Chung a , Febus Reidj G. Cruz a , Dorota G. Pijanowska c ,Marek Dawgul c , Wladyslaw Torbicz c , Pitor B. Grabiec d , Bohdan Jarosewicz d ,Jung-Lung Chiang e , Kuo-Chung Chang a , Cheanyeh Cheng a , Wei-Po Ho a1Research Physicist, US Army NVESD, VA, USAaChung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li City, Taiwan R.O.C.bGeorge Washington University, Washington DC, USAcPolish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolanddInstitute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, PolandeChung-Chou Institute of Technology, Changhua County, Taiwan R.O.C.2012/5/21 51
Members in 2008~2011Lewa Galilee Semblante, Mark Andrew MateoAteneo De Manila University, Manila, Philippines2012/5/21 52
Thank you for your attentionQ & A section2012/5/21 53
參 考 文 獻 (References)[1] F. Winquist, E. Rydberg, S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker, I. Lundström, “Flowinjection analysis applied to a voltammetric electronic tongue,” AnalyticaChimica Acta, 471, pp. 159–172, 2002.[2] D.G. Pijanowska, A.J. Sprenkels, W. Olthuis, P. Bergveld, “A flow-throughamperometric sensor for micro-analytical systems,” Sensors and Actuators B91, pp.98–102, 2003.[3] F. Winquist, R. Bjorklund, C. Krantz-R¨ulcker, I. Lundstro¨m, K. O¨ stergren,T. Skoglund, “An electronic tongue in the dairy industry,” Sensors andActuators B 111–112, pp.299–304, 2005.[4] Ramón Mart´ınez-Máñez, Juan Soto, Eduardo Garcia-Breijo, Luis Gil, JavierIbáñez, Eduard Llobet, “An “electronic tongue” design for the qualitativeanalysis of natural waters,” Sensors and Actuators B 104 pp.302–307, 2005.[5] Patrycja Ciosek, Zbigniew Brz´ozka, Wojciech Wr´oblewski, “Electronictongue for flow-through analysis of beverages,” Sensors and Actuators B118, pp.454–460, 2006.[6] Boyko Iliev, Malin Lindquist, Linn Robertsson, PeterWide, “A fuzzytechnique for food- and water quality assessment with an electronictongue,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems 157, pp.1155 – 1168, 2006.2012/5/21 54
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