Chapter 3 Study on Recyclables Collection Trends and Best ... - ERIA

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convenience– oriented society has however spawned a throw away mentality. Butrecycling is making a comeback.2.1. The Legal BasisOne of the reasons for recycling is that the government has finally laid down aclear policy on solid waste management through the Republic Act 9003. This actessentially upgraded the cleanliness and anti–littering ordinances into a more cohesivenational law to deal with the growing garbage crisis in the country. It defined a 3RPolicy, Framework and Strategy for a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solidwaste management program based on the waste management hierarchy which, in anutshell, can be described as: Waste Avoidance, Reduction, Reuse, Recycling,Treatment and Disposal (Andin, Z; NSWMC, 2007).The NSWMC, established under the Office of the President, is tasked tooversee the implementation of SWM plans for which the lead agencies are the LGUs,starting with the barangays (i.e., the smallest unit of government at the village level).The LGUs are mandated to develop their own Local Government SWM plans, basedon the assessment of their local SWM situation and a characterization of their waste.They are required to achieve an initial 25% waste diversion target, through acombination of waste reduction, recycling and composting programs.2.2. Grassroots SWM and Recycling MovementsWhile the law is not yet fully enforced and huge gaps exist with itsimplementation, grassroots movements driven by local governments andenvironmental organizations have helped provide impetus for community–level wastesegregation, collection and recycling activities. The Department of Environment andNatural Resources (DENR) and the NSWMC lists fourteen government agencies andNGOs offering training on integrated solid waste management (ISWM) in its 2004ISWM Source Book for Local Government Units 4 . In addition to this, the outreachactivities of LGU–ESWM units, corporate foundations, and environmental groupssuch as the Recycling Movement of the Philippines, the Solid Waste ManagementAssociation of the Philippines (SWAPP), the Eco Waste Coalition and otherschool/church–based programs which conduct advocacy activities for sustainable4 Integrated Solid Waste Management Source Book for Local Government Units, Volume 2:Organizations Offering Training on ISWM, DENR – Philippine Environmental GovernanceProgram, 2004.42
waste management and community–level programs also provide livelihoodopportunities from the transformation of post–consumer waste into functional as wellas decorative items, like bags, belts, containers/ baskets, desk items, bricks/ hollowblocks. There is no comprehensive listing available for smaller, local levelcounterparts operating in the regions who conduct ISWM training on a continuingbasis.2.3. Waste Trade and Market ForcesA 2008 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) <strong>Study</strong> on RecyclingIndustry Development in the Philippines 5 analyzed the macro scale material flow ofscrap paper (newspaper, cardboard), scrap metals (iron, aluminum), glass bottles/cullets, scrap plastic and electronic/electrical waste (i.e. cellphones, personalcomputers, junk TVs and refrigerators) for the period 2000–2004, using data from theDepartment of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Bureau of Customs. The import/export trend and recycling rate for these recyclables are summarized in Table 1.The table above, shows high export volume for scrap iron/ steel, despite highdomestic consumption requirements. This could be due to the relatively favorablebuying price of scrap metals in the region, although actual export earnings are notindicated. Export of waste plastic is also high, possibly because there was not enoughlocal capacity to recycle plastic during the period indicated. Hence the lowimportation and recycling rate for waste plastic at only 8.4%. High importation ofwaste paper and glass cullets help to meet the local recycling requirements which forpaper is at 41.2%; and for glass at 48.5%. Low import volume of aluminum scrap maysuggest that much of the aluminum recycling requirement scrap needed for localrecycling may come from finished or semi-finished products.Table 1. Macro Scale Material Flow of Selected RecyclablesImportVolume(tons/yr)ImportCost(millionPesos)ExportVolume(tons/yr)ExportEarnings(millionPesos)Domesticconsumption ratetons/yr(kg/cap/day)Currentrecyclingrate5 <strong>Study</strong> on Recycling Industry Development in the Philippines, Board of Investments –Department of Trade and Industry, and Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2008 .43
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 3S
Page 3: 1. IntroductionIn the Philippines t
Page 7 and 8: In most cases, the biggest export m
Page 9 and 10: Table 3. Recyclables Projection, 20
Page 11 and 12: Table 4. Surveyed CBSWM Initiatives
Page 13 and 14: Table 5. Summary of Environmental B
Page 15 and 16: has raised about P200,000 from 2006
Page 17 and 18: donated collection bins to about 10
Page 19 and 20: helped to promote many of these tec
Page 21 and 22: Valenzuela City in the Bulacan prov
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4 Stakeholder Roles and Resp
Page 25 and 26: oothe difficulty of separating plas
Page 27 and 28: For the collection process, in part
Page 29 and 30: safe, proper recycling operations;
Page 31 and 32: ReferencesABS CBN Foundation. 2008

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