Geography Unit 5 Student

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 1Name Class DateCHAPTER 17Main Idea Activities 17.1Russia, Ukraine, and BelarusVOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• extends (382): stretches out; continues• terrain (382): ground; turf; territory• brave (383): face; confront; dare; risk• buckle (383): crumple; bend; collapse• prevail (383): predominate; exert controlling power or influence• barge (384): roomy flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of goods• logging (384): cutting down of trees for commercial purposes• crucial (384): vital; necessary; essential; importantCLASSIFYING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correctchoice in the space provided.______________________________________________________1. World’s largest country in area2. Landform that divides the region3. Country that is part of Europe4. Part of Russia that is east of the Urals5. Country located in the Caucasus Mountains6. Highest point in Europe7. Country that has no point over 1,135 feet(346 m) above sea level8. Largest swamp in Europe9. Thinly populated area east of the Uralsa. Azerbaijanb. Ukrainec. Pripet Marshesd. Mount Elbruse. Russiaf. West Siberian Plaing. Siberiah. Kamchatka Peninsulai. Ural Mountainsj. Belarus______10. Has active volcanoesEVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.____________1. Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus together cover about 40 percent of the world’sland area.2. Asiope is the name given to Europe and Asia when they are considered onelandmass or continent.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 99 Main Idea Activities2

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 1Name Class DateChapter 17 Main Idea Activities 17.1, continued__________________________________________3. The Caucasus Mountains lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.4. Rail and road crossings in the Ural Mountains need no major tunnels.5. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.6. The region’s European third has the harshest climates.7. The Arctic Ocean can freeze all the way south to Russia’s northern shores.8. Russia’s only large ice-free Arctic port is Murmansk.9. The taiga is a plain that covers half of Russia.______10. The Russian steppe has become one of the world’s major grain-producingareas.______11. Eastern Siberia has gold and diamond mines.______12. The Dnieper River basin has become Russia’s industrial heartland.______13. Russia’s first geothermal power station is in St. Petersburg.______14. The region is rich in minerals such as copper, gold, iron ore, and nickel.REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete thestatements below.Baikal Siberia DnieperAsia Russia Europe1. extends more than 6,000 miles (9,600 km) from east towest.2. Areas that are located west of the Ural Mountains are part of.3. Areas that are located east of the Ural Mountains lie in .4. The , Don, and Volga are three of the largest southflowingrivers in the region.5. Lake is sometimes called the Jewel of Siberia for itsbeauty.6. The severe winters of sometimes bring temperaturesbelow –40ºF.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 100 Main Idea Activities3

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 2Name Class DateCHAPTER 17Guided Reading Strategies 17.2Russia, Ukraine, and BelarusREADING THE SECTION Each of the following sentences contains an underlined wordor phrase that makes the sentence incorrect. As you read the section, use the spaceprovided to write the word or phrase that makes the sentence correct.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. In the A.D. 800s the city of Moscow became an importantcenter for trade between the Mediterranean andBaltic Sea areas.2. In 1240, Japanese invaders from Central Asia destroyedKiev and made the region the western outpost of theirempire.3. In 1547 Ivan IV, who became known as Ivan the Terrific,crowned himself czar of all Russia.4. Czar Frederick the Great expanded Russian control intowhat are now Belarus and Ukraine.5. In 1917 a small group called the Leninists overthrew thegovernment, an event known as the Russian Revolution.6. The Soviet Union eventually included 50 republics.7. Soviet economic planners followed a system of gulag,inwhich a country tries to produce all the goods it needs.______________________ 8. The Soviet Union collapsed at the end of 2001.______________________9. At least 85 percent of Russians are Slavs and speakRomance languages.______________________ 10. The Caucasus is what geographers call a chatter box,azone of frequent boundary changes and conflicts.POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, identify the capitals of each of the following countries.1. Belarus: _____________________________________________________________2. Russia: ______________________________________________________________3. Ukraine: _____________________________________________________________Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 51 Guided Reading Strategies4

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 2Name Class DateCHAPTER 17Main Idea Activities 17.2Russia, Ukraine, and BelarusVOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• fleeing (386): running away from; escaping• eventually (386): at last; in due time; finally• outpost (387): outlying settlement; frontier settlement• emerged (387): came into being; came forth• hardy (387): strong; tough; rugged; robust• philosopher (388): thinker; theorist; wise person• concentrated (390): massed; grouped; localized• fashion (391): make; create; construct; buildORGANIZING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correctchoice above its date on the time line below.a. Vladimir Lenin dies, and Joseph Stalin takes power.b. Ivan IV crowns himself czar of all Russia.c. The Soviet Union collapses, and the Soviet republics become independent.d. Russians spread into the Caucasus and Central Asia.e. Mongols from Central Asia destroy Kiev.f. Bolsheviks overthrow the government in the Russian Revolution.g. Kiev becomes an important center for trade.h. Russian serfs are freed, but rural poverty does not end.A.D. 800S 1240 1547 1800s 1860s 1917 1924 1991EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.________________________1. Among Kiev’s early leaders were Scandinavian traders called Rus.2. For a brief time, Russia controlled what is now Hawaii.3. After the Russian Revolution, the czar became president of the new Russianrepublic.4. The Soviet Union became a one-party, totalitarian state.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 101 Main Idea Activities5

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 2Name Class DateChapter 17 Main Idea Activities 17.2, continued______________________________5. Soviet economic planners followed a policy of autarky, in which a countrytries to buy all of the goods it needs.6. The network of Soviet labor camps was called the gulag.7. By the 1980s only 20 percent of the Soviet people could read and write.8. At least 85 percent of Russians are Slavs and speak Slavic languages.9. The former Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are locatedin the Caucasus.______10. The capital of Ukraine is Minsk.______11. Almost every city and village in the region has a prominent Christian church.______12. Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Russians drink only coffee.UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the bestchoice in the space provided.______ 1. Who ruled Russia during the late 1700s?a. Ivan the Terribleb. Peter the Greatc. Catherine the Greatd. Vladimir Lenin__________________2. The Soviet Union eventually includeda. 5 republics.b. 15 republics.c. 25 republics.d. 50 republics.3. The region’s Slavic languages are written in thea. Cyrillic alphabet.b. French alphabet.c. Greek alphabet.d. Latin alphabet.4. The Caucasus is a zone of frequent boundary changes and conflicts, whichgeographers call aa. chatter box.b. shatter belt.c. jack-in-the-box.d. belt buckle.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 102 Main Idea Activities6

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 3Name Class DateCHAPTER 17Guided Reading Strategies 17.3Russia, Ukraine, and BelarusREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, complete each sentence below bywriting the appropriate word or phrase in the space provided.1. The countries in the region are working to developindustry, which focuses on the production of consumer goods.2. Today greater is Russia’s most important economicregion.3. , which is located on the Gulf of Finland, has been calledthe Venice of the North for its many canals.4. Heavy industry lines Russia’s Volga River and theMountains, and hydroelectricity is plentiful there.5. The Railroad is the longest single rail line in the world.6. Island, which has oil and mineral resources, lies off theeastern coast of Siberia in the Sea of Okhotsk.7. Russia took the Kuril Islands away from at the end ofWorld War II.8. About 10 percent of Ukraine’s population lives in the capital city of.9. , the capital of Belarus, has many of the country’sindustries.10. In 1986 there was a disastrous nuclear accident at the nuclear power plant in, north of Kiev.POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, explain how the Soviet history of environmental pollution is affecting theregion today.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 52 Guided Reading Strategies7

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 4Name Class DateCHAPTER 17VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:Main Idea Activities 17.3Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus• symbolized (393): represented; stood for• access (393): passage; entry; admittance• abundant (394): plentiful; abounding• eventually (394): at last; in due time; finally• feat (394): achievement; accomplishment; deed• centrally (395): in the center; in the middle; in the heart of• moderate (395): avoiding extremes; neither terribly hot nor terribly cold• corrupt (396): dishonest• debts (396): monies that are owedORGANIZING INFORMATION Use the following items to complete the chart below.• Russia• Minsk• Ukraine• Moscow• Belarus• Kiev•Country•Capital••••EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.__________________________________________1. Heavy industry is becoming more important in the region.2. St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia for about 200 years.3. Roads, rails, and air routes link Moscow to all points in Russia.4. The world’s busiest subway can be found in Kiev.5. St. Petersburg represents Russia’s desire for Western ideas and practices.6. Geothermal energy is abundant along Russia’s Volga River and in the UralMountains.7. Nearly every important mineral except coal and oil has been discovered in theUral Mountains.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 103 Main Idea Activities8

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 4Name Class DateChapter 17 Main Idea Activities 17.3, continued____________8. Siberian settlement, farming, and industry mostly follow the Trans-SiberianRailroad.9. The Baikal-Amur Mainline is the longest single rail line in the world.______10. Because wages are lower in Siberia, it is difficult to get people to work there.______11. Russia took the Kuril Islands from Japan at the end of World War II.______12. Ukraine grows wheat, sunflowers, and sugar beets.______13. Belarus has many mineral resources and good soils for farming.______14. Today the region’s governments have little money to repair the environmentaldamage caused during the Soviet era.UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the bestchoice in the space provided.________________________1. Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus are working to develop light industry, whichfocuses ona. manufacturing based on metals.b. the Geology production of Unit energy 5 Stu sources, Guide such as solar power Day and nuclear power.c. the production of consumer goods.d. the production of military supplies, such as tanks and fighter planes.2. Russia’s most important economic region isa. Chernobyl.b. Vladivostak.c. St. Petersburg.d. greater Moscow.3. Which of the following has been called the Venice of the North for its manycanals?a. Kievb. Siberiac. St. Petersburgd. Minsk4. In 1986 a disastrous accident occurred at the nuclear power plant ina. Murmansk.b. Chernobyl.c. Sakhalin Island.d. Khabarovsk.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 104 Main Idea Activities9

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 5Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ID: AGeography Unit 5, Quiz 1Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.________1. Which of the following is a contributing factor to Siberia's harsh winters?a. low elevation keeps it coldb. moderating ocean winds cannot reach inlandc. a low latitude that blocks precipitationd. permafrost never melts2. Where is Russia's heavy industry located?a. Moscow and Vladivostok c. Dnieper River and Sakhalin Islandb. Don River and Kuril Islands d. Volga River and Ural MountainsMatchingMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. autarky g. light industryb. smelters h. icebreakersc. abdicate i. Vladivostokd. Lake Baikal j. Kurilse. taiga k. shatter beltf. gulag l. Kamchatka____________________________3. network of labor camps in the old Soviet Union4. the production of consumer goods5. islands between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean6. ships that can break up ice in frozen waterways7. factories that produce metal ores8. to resign as monarch9. city located on the Sea of Japan____ 10. forest region composed of evergreen trees____ 11. a zone of frequent boundary changes and conflicts____ 12. location of Russia's first geothermal power station110

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 5Name: ________________________ID: AShort Answer13. The largest swamp in Europe is14. Where can large oil reserves be found in Russia?15. What city became an important center for trade between the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea areas in the A.D.800s?16. Which region of Russia is predominantly Muslim?17. What is the capital of Belarus?18. What is borscht?19. Which country still uses peat as an important fuel source?20. Which city has been called the Venice of the North?21. What are the Dnieper, the Don, and the Volga? Why are they important to the region?22. How did the Volga River basin become Russia’s industrial heartland?23. What factors contributed to the end of the Russian Empire?24. What basic change is occurring in Russia's industry?25. Name three mountain ranges found in the region.26. Explain what geologic factors helped shape the region.27. Describe the climates of Russia.28. What are Russia's major resources?29. What are the major religious groups found in the region?30. Which country produces the most rye?211

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 5Name: ________________________ID: A31. How did Russia get its name?312

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 6Name Class DateCHAPTER 18Guided Reading Strategies 18.1Central AsiaREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, match each name in the left columnwith its description in the right column. Write the letter of the correct description in thespace provided. Answers may be used more than once.______________________________________________________1. Kara-Kum2. Issyk-Kul3. Altay Shan4. Caspian5. Kopet-Dag6. Amu Dar’ya7. Fergana8. Tian Shan9. Kyzyl Kuma. mountainb. desertc. riverd. lakee. valley______10. Syr Dar’ya______11. Pamirs______12. ObPOST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, describe the energy resources of Central Asia.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 53 Guided Reading Strategies13

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 6Name Class DateCHAPTER 18Main Idea Activities 18.1Central AsiaVOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• landlocked (404): enclosed or nearly enclosed by land• clustered (404): grouped; gathered; collected• contrasts (404): differences; dissimilarities• massive (404): huge; enormous; gigantic; tremendous• tributaries (405): any smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger streams or rivers• moderates (405): lessens; diminishes• tracts (405): expanses; areas; territories• abound (405): to be present in large numbers or in great quantityCLASSIFYING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correctchoice in the space provided.______________________________________________________1. Syr Dar’ya2. Pamirs3. Kyzyl Kum4. Caspian5. Ob6. Amu Dar’ya7. Altay Shan8. Tian Shan9. Kara-Kuma. mountainb. desertc. riverd. lakee. valley______10. Issyk-Kul______11. Kopet-Dag______12. FerganaEVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.____________1. Most of the people who live in the region are clustered in the northwest.2. Each of the five countries has mountains more than 10,000 feet high.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 105 Main Idea Activities14

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 6Name Class DateChapter 18 Main Idea Activities 18.1, continued__________________________________________3. No place in Central Asia is below sea level.4. The region’s tallest mountain peak is located in Uzbekistan.5. The Kopet-Dag forms a boundary between Turkmenistan and Iran.6. The Caspian Sea has no outlet to the ocean.7. Irrigation drains much of the water from the Amu Dar’ya and the Syr Dar’ya.8. Most places in Central Asia have mild climates.9. Precipitation levels in the region are generally low.______10. Central Asia has mostly arid and semiarid climates.______11. Many trees, plants, and other vegetation can be found in the region’s highestmountain peaks.______12. A tree called the saxaul is one of the few large plants found in the desert.______13. The area around the Caspian Sea is a particularly important source of oil.______14. Most of the region’s mines are located in Turkmenistan.REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete thestatements below.Issyk-Kul walnut Fedchenko Glacieroceanic landlocked mountain1. The five countries that make up Central Asia are all .2. The term Shan means “ ” in Chinese.3. never freezes over even though it lies about a mileabove sea level in the Tian Shan.4. Tajikistan’s is about 44 miles long (71 km) long.5. Its location in the heart of Asia means that the region is far removed frominfluences.6. Central Asia is well known for its many trees.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 106 Main Idea Activities15

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 7Name Class DateCHAPTER 18Guided Reading Strategies 18.2Central AsiaREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, number the following events in theorder in which they occurred.______________________________________________________1. Arabic speakers bring the Islamic faith to Central Asia.2. Europeans begin sailing to East Asia, avoiding the Silk Road.3. A Mongol named Timur rises to power and builds an empire in the region.4. Alexander the Great brings Greek influences to the region when he invades.5. The Central Asian republics declare independence after the Soviet Unioncollapses.6. Mongols led by Genghis Khan begin a 200-year rule of Central Asia.7. Arab armies defeat the Chinese.8. The Soviet government crushes Central Asian resistance to Soviet rule.9. Under the czars, Russia conquers and colonizes Central Asia.______10. Turkic-speaking peoples establish kingdoms in the region.POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, write a definition for each of the following terms.1. caravan: _____________________________________________________________2. monoculture: _________________________________________________________3. nomads: _____________________________________________________________4. transhumance: ________________________________________________________5. yurt: ________________________________________________________________Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 54 Guided Reading Strategies16

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 8Name Class DateCHAPTER 18Main Idea Activities 18.2Central AsiaVOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• imprint (408): mark; stamp• profits (408): monies left over after expenses have been subtracted• ruthless (408): merciless; savage; cruel; brutal; harsh• declined (409): decreased; diminished; weakened; faded• declared (409): announced; stated; professed• enclave (409): country or group surrounded or almost surrounded by another countryor group• status (410): position; rank; standing• textiles (411): cloth; fabrics; yard goodsORGANIZING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correctchoice above its date on the time line below.a. Mongols led by Genghis Khan begin a 200-year rule of Central Asia.b. Turkic-speaking peoples establish kingdoms in the region.c. Alexander the Great brings Greek influences when he invades the region.d. The Soviet Union falls, and the Central Asian countries declare independence.e. The Soviet government takes power in Russia after the Russian Revolution.f. Europeans begin to sail to East Asia, avoiding the Silk Road.g. Arabic speakers bring the Islamic faith when they invade the region.h. A Turkic-speaking Mongol named Timur rises to power in Central Asia.300S B.C. A.D. 600s 700s 1218 1300s late 1400s 1917 1991EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.________________________1. Humans have lived in Central Asia for only about 300 years.2. The Mongols destroyed many cities and irrigation systems in the region.3. Timur was a supporter of the arts, literature, and science.4. The capital of Timur’s empire was in Samarqand.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 107 Main Idea Activities17

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 8Name Class DateChapter 18 Main Idea Activities 18.2, continued______________________________5. The British built railroads throughout Central Asia.6. During World War II, factories and Russians moved east into Central Asia.7. The Fergana Valley has been divided among all five of the region’s countries.8. The suffix -stan means “people” in Turkish.9. A large segment of the north’s population was made up of nomads.______10. Almost all Central Asians speak a Romance language.______11. During the Soviet era, the government tried to get rid of all religions.______12. Textiles are among Central Asia’s best-known art forms.UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the bestchoice in the space provided.________________________1. A group of people traveling together for protection is called aa. caravan.b. monoculture.c. yurt.d. transhumance.2. The Soviets built huge irrigation projects in the region that helped the SovietUnion become a leading producer ofa. corn.b. wheat.c. cotton.d. silk.3. The five Central Asian countries lie in a region sometimes calleda. Kazakhstan.b. Turkistan.c. Issyk-Kul.d. Turkmenistan.4. What is the main religion in Central Asia?a. Hinduismb. Buddhismc. Roman Catholicismd. IslamCopyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 108 Main Idea Activities18

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 9Name Class DateCHAPTER 18Guided Reading Strategies 18.3Central AsiaREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, answer each of the following questionsin the space provided.1. Uzbekistan is the world’s third-largest exporter of what product? ________________2. What is dryland farming? _______________________________________________3. Why does Central Asia have relatively few big cities? __________________________4. What two cities lie along ancient trade routes? _______________________________5. What is the largest city in the region? ______________________________________6. To what city did Kazakhstan move its capital in 1997? _________________________7. How many of the countries in the region are landlocked? ______________________8. Which country in the region stretches the width of Central Asia? ________________9. How did the Soviets damage Central Asia’s land and water? _____________________10. What Central Asian lake is considered an environmental and cultural treasure?POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, discuss the factors that limit the ability of the Central Asian countries toimprove their economies.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 55 Guided Reading Strategies19

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 9Name Class DateCHAPTER 18Main Idea Activities 18.3Central AsiaVOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• retain (412): keep; maintain; preserve• relies (412): depends; trusts• corruption (412): dishonesty, usually by officials• glorious (413): splendid; magnificent; notable• tremendous (413): enormous; huge; gigantic• global (414): worldwide• obstacles (414): barriers; hurdles; blockages• contaminated (414): polluted; tainted; dirtied; made unfit for use• abundant (415): plentiful; aboundingEVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.______________________________________________________1. Agriculture is no longer important in Central Asia.2. Dryland farming relies on rainfall instead of irrigation.3. The region’s huge reserves of oil, natural gas, and minerals have been fullydeveloped.4. Many skilled Russian workers and managers are leaving the region.5. Russia is a more reliable customer for Central Asian goods than the SovietUnion was.6. Central Asia has relatively few big cities.7. Historically, most of the people in the region have been nomads or farmers.8. The cities of Samarqand and Bukhara lie along ancient trade routes.9. Bishkek serves as a starting point for tourists exploring the region’s mountainsand other scenic areas.______10. The countries of Central Asia are cut off from global trade routes.______11. Tajikistan stretches the width of Central Asia.______12. Turkmenistan’s canal lacks a concrete lining, so leaks are common.______13. Ethnic conflict is a problem in the region.______14. U.S. testing of biological weapons damaged the Aral Sea region.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 109 Main Idea Activities20

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 9Name Class DateChapter 18 Main Idea Activities 18.3, continued______15. Overuse of chemicals to increase crop yields has made some farmlandsuseless.______16. Issyk-Kul remains frozen year-round.UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the bestchoice in the space provided.____________________________________1. The world’s third-largest exporter of cotton isa. Kazakhstan.b. Uzbekistan.c. Tajikistan.d. Turkmenistan.2. What is the largest city in Central Asia?a. Bukharab. Samarqandc. Issyk-Kuld. Tashkent3. Which of the following countries moved its capital from Almaty to Astana in1997?a. Kazakhstanb. Turkistanc. Tajikistand. Turkmenistan4. All of the countries in the region area. landlocked.b. below sea level.c. close to the ocean.d. built on volcanic rock.5. Changing from a command economy to a market economy is most advancedin Kazakhstan anda. Tajikistan.b. Kyrgyzstan.c. Uzbekistan.d. Turkmenistan.6. Which of the following is considered an environmental and cultural treasure?a. Fergana Valleyb. Amu Dar’yac. Pamirsd. Issyk-KulCopyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 110 Main Idea Activities21

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 10Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ID: AGeography Unit 5, Quiz 2Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.________________1. Where are the region's major coal deposits located?a. Uzbekistan c. Kazakhstanb. Tajikistan d. Turkmenistan2. What was the traditional way of life in the northern region of Central Asia?a. textile production c. irrigated farmingb. monoculture d. herding3. The language of which country is related to the main language of Iran?a. Kazakhstan c. Tajikistanb. Uzbekistan d. Turkmenistan4. What caused some farmland in Central Asia to become useless?a. boundary disputes c. overuse of chemicalsb. heavy snowfall d. floodingMatchingMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. caravan g. Fergana Valleyb. zinc h. Pamirsc. yurt i. Astanad. Syr Dar'ya j. Altay Shane. Bishkek k. Tashkentf. transhumance l. monoculture____________________5. practice of moving herds from mountains to lowland pastures in winter6. a mountain range in northeast Central Asia7. a group of people traveling together for protection8. cultivation of a single crop9. Central Asia's largest city____ 10. the new capital of Kazakhstan____ 11. river that begins in the Tian Shan and empties into the Aral Sea____ 12. movable round house made of wool felt mats122

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 10Name: ________________________ID: A____ 13. extremely fertile area in Central Asia____ 14. element important in metal processingShort Answer15. Which river begins in the Pamirs?16. Which river flows northward from Kazakhstan into Russia?17. Which lake has both saltwater and freshwater?18. Which desert is known for its black sand?19. What type of tree is particularly common in Central Asia?20. What was the Silk Road?21. What is one contribution the Russians made to Central Asia?22. In which two countries are the major water sources of Central Asia located?23. Why do most of the people of Central Asia live in the southeastern section?24. Where are Central Asia’s main energy resources found?25. Why is it that the Lake Issyk-Kul never freezes over?26. Why is it that Central Asia has few large cities?27. List the major mountain ranges of Central Asia.28. What types of animals are commonly found in the mountain ranges of Central Asia?223

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 10Name: ________________________ID: AEthnic Groups in Central AsiaCountry Kazakh Kyrgyz Russian Tajik Turkmen Uzbek OtherKazakhstan 53.4% — 30% — — — 16.6%Kyrgyzstan — 52.4% 18% — — 12.9% 16.7%Tajikistan — — 3.5% 64.9% — 25% 6.6%Turkmenistan — — 6.7% — 77% 9.2% 7.1%Uzbekistan — — 5.5% — — 80% 14.5%29. Which country in Central Asia is the most ethnically homogeneous?30. Which country in Central Asia has the largest Russian population?324

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 11Name Class DateCHAPTER 19Guided Reading Strategies 19.1The Persian Gulf and InteriorREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, write the correct word or place nextto its description. Choose your answers from the list below. Some items will not be used.Saudi Arabia oil Indian OceanElburz Mountains Arabian Peninsula Middle EastAn Naf¯ūd water EuphratesHindu Kush Kopet-Dag Mesopotamia______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. Another name for the region formed by the PersianGulf and interior Southwest Asia2. Lies between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf3. Lies between the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea4. Region whose name means “between the rivers”5. One of two great rivers in the region6. Mountain range found in Afghanistan7. Desert of red sand8. Country whose lowlands along the Persian Gulf areamong the hottest places in the world9. Natural resource that is in short supply in the region______________________ 10. Most valuable natural resource in the regionPOST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, identify the seven countries that make up the Persian Gulf and interiorregion.1. Country: _______________________2. Country: _______________________3. Country: _______________________5. Country: _______________________6. Country: _______________________7. Country: _______________________4. Country: _______________________Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 56 Guided Reading Strategies25

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 11Name Class DateCHAPTER 19VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:Main Idea Activities 19.1The Persian Gulf and Interior• landlocked (434): enclosed or nearly enclosed by land• intersection (434): point at which two or more places meet; crossroads• narrow (434): thin; slim; slender• lofty (434): tall; high; elevated; towering• extension (435): continuation• occasional (435): infrequent; scarce; occurring once in a while• uninhabited (435): vacant; deserted; having no residents• adapted (435): adjusted; became better suited to• roamed (435): wandered; roved; traveledORGANIZING INFORMATION Use the following items to complete the chart below.• Zagros Mountains • northeastern Iran• Elburz Mountains • east of Mesopotamia• Kopet-Dag• Afghanistan• Hindu Kush• northwestern Iran•Mountain•Location••••••EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false._____ 1. There are 27 countries that make up the Persian Gulf and interior region._____ 2. Afghanistan is a landlocked country._____ 3. Southwest Asia lies near the intersection of the African, Eurasian, andArabian plates._____ 4. As the African and Arabian plates move apart, the Red Sea is becoming morenarrow._____ 5. In Greek Mesopotamia means “between the mountains.”Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 111 Main Idea Activities26

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 11Name Class DateChapter 19 Main Idea Activities 19.1, continued_____ 6. Before the Tigris and Euphrates reach the Persian Gulf, they join in a singlechannel known as the Shatt al Arab._____ 7. The Hindu Kush range is the western extension of the world’s highest mountains—theHimalayas._____ 8. Cool and rainy climates dominate the Persian Gulf and interior region._____ 9. The Rub’ al-Khali is a mostly uninhabited desert in the southern interior._____10. In general, the region’s highlands are much cooler than other parts of theregion._____11. In the region’s driest areas the ground is bare rock and sand._____12. None of the region’s plants can survive long without water._____13. Many large animals in the region are now rare or restricted to a few gamereserves._____14. Gold is the region’s most valuable natural resource.REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete thestatements below.Mesopotamia Saudi Arabia Arabian PeninsulaEuphrates Middle East An Nafud1. The Persian Gulf and interior region is also referred to as the.2. The lies between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.3. is a wide plain through which two great rivers flow.4. The Tigris and the are exotic rivers, meaning they beginin humid regions and then flow across dry areas.5. The is a desert of red sand.6. The lowlands of along the Persian Gulf are among thehottest places in the world.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 112 Main Idea Activities27

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 12Name Class DateCHAPTER 19Guided Reading Strategies 19.2The Persian Gulf and InteriorREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, circle the boldface word or phrasethat best completes each statement below.1. The world’s first civilizations developed in an area known as the Kopet-Dag / FertileCrescent.2. The Sumerians / Persians built the world’s first known cities in southernMesopotamia.3. The prophet Muhammad established a religion known as Islam / Hinduism.4. The rule of Mongols / Safavids is considered a golden age of Persian culture.5. In the 1500s / 1900s the Ottoman Turks conquered Mesopotamia.6. The Ottoman Turks controlled the western part of the region until the French /British took over.7. The dominant language in the region is Arabic / Hebrew.8. A group of people called the Iraqis / Kurds have never had their own country.9. Most of the people in Iran are Persians who speak English / Farsi.10. Today about 90 percent of Muslims are Sunnis / Shia.POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, discuss the processes that encouraged the spread of Arabic culture.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 57 Guided Reading Strategies28

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 12Name Class DateCHAPTER 19VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• declined (438): weakened; faded; dwindled• seized (438): took by force; captured• flourished (438): prospered; succeeded• textiles (438): cloth; fabric; yard goods• unifying (439): that which joins together; centralizing• dominant (439): main; primary; governing• place-names (439): names of geographical localities• loyalties (439): devotion; faithfulness; allegianceMain Idea Activities 19.2The Persian Gulf and InteriorORGANIZING INFORMATION Place the following groups in the order in which theyconquered or controlled the region. The earliest group is done for you.• Romans• Mongols• Sumerians• Persians• British• Akkadians• Greeks• Ottoman TurksSumeriansEVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false._____ 1. The world’s first civilizations developed in the area known as the HinduKush._____ 2. Asia Minor is the Asian part of what is now Afghanistan._____ 3. A people called the Sumerians built the world’s first known cities in southernMesopotamia._____ 4. About 550 B.C. an empire developed in Persia, where Saudi Arabia is today.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 113 Main Idea Activities29

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 12Name Class DateChapter 19 Main Idea Activities 19.2, continued_____ 5. Muslims today face Mecca, Islam’s holiest city, when they pray._____ 6. Historians consider the rule of Mongols a golden age of Persian culture._____ 7. Islam is the unifying cultural feature of the region._____ 8. Most people in the Persian Gulf and interior Southwest Asia are Arabs._____ 9. The diffusion of Arabic words is the result of migration, trade, and the spreadof Islam._____10. A people known as the Kurds were given their own country in the region inthe year 2001._____11. Most of the people who live in Iran are Persians who speak Farsi._____12. In Afghanistan the Qashqai make up the largest ethnic group._____13. Today about 90 percent of Muslims are Shia Muslims._____14. Muslims are expected to make a religious pilgrimage to Mecca.UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the bestchoice in the space provided._____ 1. Which group created the region’s first real empire?a. Sumeriansb. Akkadiansc. Mongolsd. Ottoman Turks_____ 2. The prophet Muhammad was the founder ofa. Buddhism.b. Hinduism.c. Judaism.d. Islam._____ 3. The dominant language in the Persian Gulf and interior region isa. Arabic.b. English.c. Farsi.d. French._____ 4. The Sunnis and the Shia are thea. two major holidays celebrated in the region.b. region’s two main economic organizations.c. followers of Islam’s two main branches.d. region’s two largest deserts.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 114 Main Idea Activities30

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 13Name Class DateCHAPTER 19Guided Reading Strategies 19.3The Persian Gulf and InteriorREADING THE SECTION As you read the section, examine the descriptions of thePersian Gulf and interior countries below. For each description, place a check mark in thebox next to the country being described.1. A government dominated by ayatollahs came to power in this country in 1979.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia2. Fighting in this country has continued on and since the 1970s.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia3. This country is the world’s largest exporter of oil.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia4. This country is ruled by a dictator named Saddam Hussein.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia5. A group called the Taliban came to power in this country in the 1990s.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia6. Today this country is a theocracy.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia7. This country is the caretaker of Mecca, Islam’s holiest city.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi Arabia8. This country invaded Kuwait in 1990 to capture its rich oil fields.❑ Afghanistan ❑ Iran ❑ Iraq ❑ Saudi ArabiaPOST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in thespace provided, match each of the following countries with its capital.______ 1. Afghanistan a. Tehran______ 2. Iran b. Baghdad______ 3. Iraq c. Kabul______ 4. Saudi Arabia d. RiyadhCopyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 58 Guided Reading Strategies31

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 14Name Class DateCHAPTER 19VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:• rugged (441): irregular; harsh; uneven; rough• conserve (441): preserve; save; maintain; protect• surplus (441): excess; extra• distinctive (442): recognizable; unique; characteristic• automated (442): marked by the use of machines to do work• fringes (442): outer edges; outer limits• predate (442): come before• themes (442): topics; subjects; main ideasMain Idea Activities 19.3The Persian Gulf and InteriorORGANIZING INFORMATION Use the following items to complete the chart below.• Afghanistan• Iraq• Iran• Saudi Arabia• Kabul• Riyadh• Tehran• Baghdad•Country•Capital••••••EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false._____ 1. Gold and silver mining is central to the economies of the countries along thePersian Gulf._____ 2. Arid climates and a rugged landscape make farming in the region difficult._____ 3. Islam forbids the eating of beef, so Muslims do not raise cattle._____ 4. Saudi Arabia grows flowers for export to Europe._____ 5. More and more Bedouins are taking jobs in cities and on the new modernfarms._____ 6. Modern manufacturing in the region is widespread.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 115 Main Idea Activities32

Geography Unit 5 Stu Guide Day 14Name Class DateChapter 19 Main Idea Activities 19.3, continued_____ 7. Among the largest cities in the region are the national capitals._____ 8. Most of the cities in the region are ancient._____ 9. Afghanistan is a key member of the Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries._____10. Saudi Arabia is ruled by a conservative monarchy._____11. Iraq today is a theocracy, a country governed by religious law._____12. Saddam Hussein, the dictator of Iraq, used the country’s oil reserves to builda large military._____13. The Taliban encourage the women of Afghanistan to seek education and jobsoutside the home._____14. Very little of the region’s oil is available for export.REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete thestatements below.Bedouins rugs subsistenceIraq Iran Saudi Arabia1. Most farmers in the region practice agriculture.2. Nomadic herders, some of whom are known as , live inoutlying dry areas.3. The region’s beautiful and valuable wool have beenfamous for centuries.4. has huge oil reserves that make it the world’s largest oilexporter.5. In 1979 the monarchy of was toppled by a revolution.6. In 1990 invaded Kuwait in order to capture its rich oilfields.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Holt World Geography Today 116 Main Idea Activities33

Geography Unit 5 Stu GuideDay 15Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ID: AGeography Unit 5, Quiz 3Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____________________________1. Which country is not located on the Arabian Peninsula?a. Qatar c. Iraqb. Kuwait d. United Arab Emirates2. Which tectonic plate has not contributed to the formation of the Arabian Peninsula?a. Cocos c. Eurasianb. African d. Arabian3. Which mountain range is located along the northeastern border of Iran?a. Elburz c. Hindu Kushb. Kopet-Dag d. Zagros4. Which bodies of water lie to the south of the Arabian Peninsula?a. Mediterranean Sea and Shatt al Arabb. Arabian Sea and Red Seac. Persian Gulf and Shatt al Arabd. Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden5. What country has the largest oil production?a. Iraq c. Kuwaitb. Iran d. Saudi Arabia6. What does OPEC stand for?a. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countriesb. Oil Producing Economies Cooperativec. Oil Producing Enclaves Companyd. Organization of Petroleum Economies Countries7. Which of the following is the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan?a. Pashtun c. Balochb. Kurds d. Hazara34

Geography Unit 5 Stu GuideName: ________________________Day 15ID: AMatchingMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. Riyadh g. Red Seab. oasis h. dynastyc. ayatollah i. Tehrand. Arabian Sea j. Kabule. Bedouins k. Shi'ismf. exotic river l. theocracy________8. government based on religious laws9. capital city of Saudi Arabia____ 10. borders the Arabian Peninsula to the south____ 11. a line of hereditary rulers____ 12. river that begins in a humid region and flows to a dry region____ 13. a group of nomadic herders who live in Southwest Asia____ 14. capital city of Iran____ 15. is becoming wider as the African and Arabian plates move apart____ 16. branch of Islam that is dominant in Iran____ 17. Muslim religious leader of the highest orderShort Answer18. What factor prevents all the countries in the Persian Gulf from producing desalinized water?19. Where was the prophet Muhammad born?20. Which empires tried to control Iran and Afghanistan in the 1800s?21. In which country are Shia imams particularly important and influential?22. What is Islam's holiest city?23. Why is the Strait of Hormuz important?34

Geography Unit 5 Stu GuideName: ________________________Day 15ID: A24. Name the major mountain ranges of the region.25. Why is the Red Sea widening?26. List the countries that make up the region of the Persian Gulf and interior Southwest Asia.27. What are the major sources of water for the region called Mesopotamia?28. Who are the Pashtun?29. How did Arabic culture come to be so dominant in the region?Data on the Persian Gulf and InteriorCountry Population/Growth Literacy Rate Per Capita GDPRateBahrain 1.7% 85% $15,900Kuwait 3.4% 79% $15,000Oman 3.4% 80% $7,700Qatar 3.2% 79% $20,300Saudi Arabia 3.3% 63% $10,500United Arab Emirates 1.6% 79% $22,800Yemen 3.4% 38% $820Iraq 2.8% 58% $2,500Iran .7% 72% $6,300Afghanistan 3.5% 32% $80030. Which country has the highest per capita GDP?35