2005 List of Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council

Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's2005List of Invasive SpeciesPurpose of the List: To focus attention on --‣ the adverse effects exotic pest plants have on Florida's biodiversity and plantcommunities,‣ the habitat losses from exotic pest plant infestations,‣ the impacts on endangered species via habitat loss and alteration,‣ the need to prevent habitat losses through pest-plant management,‣ the socio-economic impacts of these plants (e.g., increased wildfires in certain areas),‣ changes in the seriousness of different pest plants over time,‣ the need to provide information that helps managers set priorities for control programs.DEFINITIONS: Exotic—a species introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a naturalrange outside of Florida. Native—a species whose natural range included Florida at the time of Europeancontact (1500 AD). Naturalized exotic—an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation (it is still exotic;it has not "become" native). Invasive exotic—an exotic that not only has naturalized but is expanding onits own in Florida plant communities.Abbreviations used:for "Gov. list": P = Prohibited by Fla. Dept. of Environmental Protection, N = Noxious weed listed byFla. Dept. of Agriculture & Consumer Services, U = Noxious weed listed by U.S. Department ofAgriculture.for "Reg. Dis.": N = north, C = central, S = south, referring to each species' current distribution in generalregions of Florida (not its potential range in the state). See following map.For additional information on distributions of particular species by county, visit the University ofSouth Florida’s Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants web site, www.plantatlas.usf.edu. Many of thosespecies entries also have habit and close-up pictures of the species.Additional images for some species may be found at the “Introduced Species” page on the Univ. ofFlorida Herbarium website, at Fairchild Tropical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, and the GodfreyHerbarium database, Florida State University.For other additional information on plants included in this list, see related links and pages at thisweb site on the home page menu.

Category I - Invasive exotics that are altering native plant communities by displacing native species,changing community structures or ecological functions, or hybridizing with natives. This definition doesnot rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecologicaldamage caused.Scientific Name Common Name EPPCCat.Gov.listReg.Dist.Abrus precatorius rosary pea I C, SAcacia auriculiformis earleaf acacia I SAlbizia julibrissin mimosa, silk tree I N, CAlbizia lebbeck woman's tongue I C, SArdisia crenata (= A.crenulata )Ardisia elliptica (=A.humilis)Asparagus aethiopicus(= A. sprengeri; A.densiflorus misapplied)coral ardisia I N, Cshoebutton ardisia I Sasparagus-fern I C, SBauhinia variegata orchid tree I C, SBischofia javanica bischofia I C, SCalophyllum antillanum santa maria (names "mast(=C. calaba; C. wood," "Alexandrian laurel"inophyllum misapplied) used in cultivation)Casuarina equisetifolia Australian pine I P N,C,SCasuarina glauca suckering Australian pine I P C, SCinnamomum camphora camphor-tree I N,C,SColocasia esculenta wild taro I N,C,SColubrina asiatica lather leaf I SCupaniopsisanacardioidescarrotwood I N C, SDioscorea alata winged yam I N N,C,SDioscorea bulbifera air-potato I N N,C,SEichhornia crassipes water-hyacinth I P N,C,SEugenia uniflora Surinam cherry I C, SFicus microcarpa (F.nitida and F. retusa var.nitida misapplied)Ilaurel fig I C, SHydrilla verticillata hydrilla I P, U N,C,SHygrophila polysperma green hygro I P, U N,C,SHymenachneamplexicaulisImperata cylindrica (I.brasiliensis misapplied)West Indian marsh grass I C, Scogon grass I N, U N, C, SIpomoea aquatica waterspinach I P, U CJasminum dichotomum Gold Coast jasmine I C, SJasminum fluminense Brazilian jasmine I C, SS

Lantana camara lantana, shrub verbena I N,C,SLigustrum lucidum glossy privet I N, CLigustrum sinense Chinese privet, hedge privet I N,C,SLonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle I N,C,SLygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern I N N,C, SLygodium microphyllum Old World climbing fern I N C, SMacfadyena unguis-cati cat's claw vine I N,C, SManilkara zapota sapodilla I SMelaleuca quinquenervia melaleuca, paper bark I P, N, U C, SMimosa pigra catclaw mimosa I P, N, U C, SNandina domestica nandina, heavenly bamboo I N, CNephrolepis cordifolia sword fern I N,C,SNephrolepis multiflora Asian sword fern I C, SNeyraudia reynaudiana Burma reed, cane grass I N SPaederia cruddasiana sewer vine, onion vine I N SPaederia foetida skunk vine I N N,CPanicum repens torpedo grass I N,C,SPennisetum purpureum Napier grass I C, SPistia stratiotes waterlettuce I P N,C,SPsidium cattleianum(=P. littorale)strawberry guava I C, SPsidium guajava guava I C, SPueraria montana var.lobata (=P.lobata)kudzu I N, U N,C, SRhodomyrtus tomentosa downy rose-myrtle I N C, SRhoeo spathacea (seeTradescantia spathacea)Rhynchelytrum repens Natal grass I N, C, SRuellia tweediana (=R. brittoniana)Sapium sebiferum (=Triadeca sebifera)Scaevola taccada(=Scaevola sericea, S.frutescens)Schefflera actinophylla(=Brassaia actinophylla)Mexican petunia I N, C, Spopcorn tree, Chinesetallow treescaevola, half-flower, beachnaupakaschefflera, Queenslandumbrella treeI N N, C, SIIC, SC, SSchinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper I P, N N, C, SSenna pendula var.glabrata (=Cassiacoluteoides)Solanum tampicense(=S. houstonii)climbing cassia, Christmascassia, Christmas sennawetland night shade,aquatic soda appleIC, SI N, U C, SSolanum viarum tropical soda apple I N, U N, C, S

Syngonium podophyllum arrowhead vine I C, SSyzygium cumini jambolan, Java plum I C, STectaria incisa incised halberd fern I SThespesia populnea seaside mahoe I C, STradescantia fluminensis white-flowered wanderingjewTradescantia spathacea(= Rhoeo spathacea,Rhoeo discolor)Urochloa mutica ( =Brachiaria mutica)IN, Coyster plant I SPará grass I C, SCategory II - Invasive exotics that have increased in abundance or frequency but have not yet alteredFlorida plant communities to the extent shown by Category I species. These species may become rankedCategory I, if ecological damage is demonstrated.Scientific Name Common Name EPPCCat.Gov.listAdenanthera pavonina red sandalwood II SReg.Dist.Agave sisalana sisal hemp II C, SAleurites fordii (=Vernicia fordii)tung oil tree II N, CAlstonia macrophylla devil-tree II SAlternantheraphiloxeroidesalligator weed II P N, C, SAntigonon leptopus coral vine II N, C, SAristolochia littoralis calico flower II N, CAsystasia gangetica Ganges primrose II C, SBegonia cucullata wax begonia II N, CBlechum pyramidatumgreen shrimp plant,Browne’s blechumIIN, C, SBroussonetia papyrifera paper mulberry II N, CCallisia fragrans inch plant, spironema II C, SCasuarinacunninghamianaAustralian pine II P C, SCecropia palmata trumpet tree II SCestrum diurnum day jessamine II C, SChamaedorea seifrizii bamboo palm II SClematis terniflora Japanese clematis II N, CCryptostegiamadagascariensisCyperus involucratus(C. alternifoliusrubber vine II C, Sumbrella plant II C, S

misapplied)Cyperus prolifer dwarf papyrus II CDalbergia sissoo Indian rosewood, sissoo II C, SElaeagnus pungens thorny eleagnus II N, CEpipremnum pinnatumcv. Aureumpothos II C, SFicus altissima false banyan, council tree II SFlacourtia indica governor's plum II SHemarthria altissima limpo grass II C, SHibiscus tiliaceus mahoe, sea hibiscus II C, SIpomoea fistulosa (= I.carnea ssp. fistulosa)shrub morning-glory II P C, SJasminum sambac Arabian jasmine II SKalanchoe pinnata life plant II C, SKoelreuteria elegansssp. formosana (= K.formosana; K.paniculata misapplied)flamegold tree II C, SLeucaena leucocephala lead tree II N, C, SLimnophila sessiliflora Asian marshweed II P N, C, SLivistona chinensis Chinese fan palm II C, SMelia azedarach Chinaberry II N,C,SMerremia tuberosa wood-rose II SMurraya paniculata orange-jessamine II SMyriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water-milfoil II P N, C, SNymphoides cristata snowflake II C, SPanicum maximum Guinea grass II C, SPassiflora biflora two-flowered passion vine II SPennisetum setaceum green fountain grass II SPhoenix reclinata Senegal date palm II C, SPittosporum pentandrumPhilippine pittosporum,Taiwanese cheesewoodPhyllostachys aurea golden bamboo II N, CPteris vittata Chinese brake fern II N, C, SPtychosperma elegans solitary palm II SRicinus communis castor bean II N, C, SSansevieriahyacinthoidesbowstring hemp II C, SScleria lacustris Wright’s nutrush II C, SSesbania punicea purple sesban, rattlebox II N, C, SSolanum diphyllum Two-leaf nightshade II N, C, SSolanum jamaicense Jamiaca nightshade II CSolanum torvum susumber, turkey berry II N, U N, C, SSphagneticola trilobata wedelia II N, C, SIIS

(= Wedelia trilobata)Stachytarphetaurticifolia (= S.cayennensis)Syagrus romanzoffiana(= Arecastrumromanzoffianum)nettle-leaf porterweed II Squeen palm II C, SSyzygium jambos rose-apple II C, STerminalia catappa tropical almond II C, STerminalia muelleri Australian almond II C, STribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut II N, C, SUrena lobata Caesar's weed II N, C, SVitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree II C, SWashingtonia robusta Washington fan palm II C, SWedelia (seeSphagneticola above)Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria II N, CXanthosomasagittifoliummalanga, elephant ear II N, C, SCitation example:FLEPPC. 2005. List of Florida's Invasive Species. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Internet:http://www.fleppc.org/05list.htmThe 2005 list was prepared by the FLEPPC Plant List Committee:Keith A. BradleyThe Institute for Regional Conservation22601 S.W. 152 nd Ave.Miami, FL 33170Kathy Craddock Burks (CHAIR)Florida Natural Areas InventoryFlorida State University1018 Thomasville Rd., Suite 200-CTallahassee, FL 32303Nancy Craft Coile, Botanist EmeritusDivision of Plant IndustryFlorida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services22804 N.W. County Road 2054Alachua, FL 32615Janice DuquesnelFlorida Park ServiceFlorida Department of Environmental ProtectionP.O. Box 1052Islamorada, FL 33036

Edward FreemanThe Nature Conservancy1413 Boulevard of the ArtsSarasota, FL 34236David W. HallPrivate Consulting Botanist3666 N.W. 13 th PlaceGainesville, FL 32605Roger L. HammerMiami-Dade Parks DepartmentCastellow Hammock Nature Center22301 S.W. 162 nd Ave.Miami, FL 33030Kenneth A. LangelandCenter for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, IFASUniversity of Florida7922 N.W. 71st St.Gainesville, FL 32606Robert W. PembertonInvasive Plants Research LabU.S. Department of Agriculture3225 College Ave.Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33312Daniel B. WardDepartment of BotanyUniversity of Florida220 Bartram HallGainesville, FL 326llRichard P. WunderlinInstitute for Systematic BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampa, FL 33620