Kingdom Protista Powerpoint - Hamilton Local Schools

Kingdom ProtistaThe world of Protists:Animal-like ProtistsPlant-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists

DOMAIN EUKARYAPROTISTS KINGDOM PROTISTA Any eukaryote that is notclassified as a fungus, plant,or animal is a PROTIST

Protist Diversity200,000 species come indifferent shapes, sizes, andcolorsAll are eukaryotes – have anucleus and membrane-boundorganelles

COMMON EXAMPLES: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Volvox, Plasmodium VERY DIVERSE GROUP most are unicellular, microscopic, aerobic Some are autotrophic, heterotrophic, sexual,asexual

ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Early eukaryotes developed symbiotic relationshipswith prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells lived inside eukaryotic cells Over time, the smaller prokaryotic cells evolved withthe eukaryotic cells to become mitochondria andchloroplasts

EXCRETION AND OSMOREGULATION Water balance = osmoregulation Done by contractile vacuole Wastes removed by diffusion

REPRODUCTION Asexual Mitosis and cytokinesis Budding – similar to mitosis except daughter cell issmaller than parent

SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONUnion of gametes forms a diploid zygote =fertilization4 types of sexual reproduction:1. Syngamy – fertilization between two individuals2. Autogamy – two gametes fuse within oneorganism3. Parthenogenesis – development of organism fromgamete without fertilization4. Conjugation – exchange of nuclear materialbetween two individuals

ProtozoansAnimal-like Protists

ProtozoansUnicellular– made up of onecellHeterotrophs– they eat otherorganisms or dead organicmatterClassified by how they move

Phyla of ProtozoansAmoebasFlagellatesCiliatesSporazoans

Amoebas: : the blobsNo cell wallMove using pseudopods –plasma extensions

Amoebas: the blobs• Engulf bits of food by flowingaround and over them

NOTES HIATUS:Complete the followingactivity: Amoeba AnatomyWorksheet

Flagellates: : the speedboats(Phylum Zoomastigina)Use a whip-like extensioncalled a flagella to moveSome cause diseasesOthers aid in digestion ofcellulose (termite(gut fauna)

Trichomonas foetus : cow disease

Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

Ciliates: : the hairy onesMove beating tiny hairs calledcilia

Ciliate anatomy

TRICHOCYSTS – spindle shapedalternating between bases of cilia; usedas anchor and to paralyze prey Oral groove – shallow furrow on one sideof cell used to gather food Locomotion – cilia; avoiding reaction contact with unfavorable conditions andwill move awayReacts to contact, temperature, gravity,water currents, electric currents, acidity andother chemicals

NOTES HIATUS:Complete the followingactivity: Ciliate AnatomyWorksheet

Sporozoans: : the parasitesNon-motile- Do not moveLive inside a hostOne type causes malaria(Plasmodium)

Malaria in red blood cells

Pneumonia in AIDS patients

AlgaePlantlike Protists

What are Algae?Multicellular – made of more thanone cellPhotosynthetic – make their ownfoodNo roots, stems, or leavesEach has chlorophyll and otherphotosynthetic pigments

Phyla of AlgaeDivided into groups by pigment colorPHYLUM EUGLENOPHYTAPHYLUM DINOFLAGELLATAPHYLUM HETEROKONTOPHYTAPHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA

Euglenophytes: : TheAquaticSurvivorsMove around like animalsCan ingest food fromsurroundings when light is notavailable

Euglenophyte anatomy

Diatoms: : The GoldenOnesHave shells made of silica(glass)Photosynthetic pigment calledcarotenoids – give them agolden color

Dinoflagellates: The Spinning Ones Spin around using two flagella Responsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can killanimals and sometimespeople When agitated undergoreaction that produceslight bioluminescent

Icky.

PHYLUM HETEROKONTOPHYTARed algae, brown algae, golden algae Did you know that there’s s algae in yourhouse? A LOT of it? Well, there is.Here’s s an assignment…“There Is Algae in Your House!”

Red Algae:The…uhuh…Red OnesSeaweedsMulticellular, marine organismsHave red and blue pigments

Brown Algae:The Brown Ones that are brown They have air bladders to help themfloat at the surface – where the lightis. Used to make a variety of products As a thickening agent in puddings, icecream Used as food for animals (processed)

Fungus-like Protists

Characteristics inCommonAll form delicate, netlikestructures on the surface oftheir food sourceObtain energy bydecomposing organic material

PhylaofFungus-like ProtistsPlasmodium Slime MoldsCellular Slime MoldsWater MoldsDowny Mildews

Slime MoldsLive in cool moist, shadyplaces where they grow ondamp, organic matter

Plasmodium Slime MoldsFormplasmodium: : a mass ofcytoplasm that contains manydiploid nuclei but no cell wallsor membranes – its feedingstageCreeps by amoeboidmovement – 2.5 cm/hour

Plasmodium continued…May reach more than a meter indiameterForm reproductive structureswhen surroundings dry upSpores are dispersed by the windand grow into new plasmodium

Cellular Slime MoldsIn feeding mode, they exist asindividual amoebic cellsWhen food becomes scarce,they come together withthousands of their own kind toreproduceMay look like a plasmodium

Water Molds and DownyMildewsLive in water or moist placesFeed on dead organisms orparasitize plantsFuzzy white growths

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