China's Dagur Minority - Sino-Platonic Papers

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HEILONGJIANG PROVINCEQiqihaerFuyu CountyLongj iang CountyTailai CountyNehe CountyDurbot Mongolian Autonomous CountyAihui CountyNenj iang CountyXunke CountyShunwu CountyJiagedaqi CountySong1 inMohe CountyZhaodong CountyHarbinDaqingHeiheXINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGIONTacheng CountyHuocheng CountyUrumqi1.3 Natural EnvironmentDagur originated in the area of the Nenjiang River Valley and its tributaries, whichform the boundary between I ~er Mongolia and Heilongjiang. Ancient Dagur villagesare found throughout the area ranging from Nenjiang County and Morin Dawaa inthe north, and through Nahe, Gannan, Fuyu, and Longjiang Counties, continuing tothe Qiqihar suburbs, as well as along the banks of the' Nenjiang River, and on thelower reaches of its tributaries, including the Gan, Nemor, Nuoming, Arong, Yin,and Yalu Rivers. Dagur live in compact communities in Morin Dawaa and in theQiqihar suburbs.The Nenjiang River Valley slopes up to the north. Northern Morin Dawaa andNenjiang County have hilly intrusions of the southern branches of the Great Xingan[Hinggan] Mountains. Elevations range from 300-640 meters. Morin Dawaa's totalarea is 10,360 square kilometers. Two-thirds is mountainous. Southern Morin Dawaaand Nenjiang County graduate into fertile plains drained by the Nenjiang River.The Nenjiang River Valley has a continental climate with high temperatures in thesouth and low temperatures in the north. Morin Dawaa has a high daily summeraverage temperature of 28 degrees C, a low winter reading of 41 degrees C, and afrost-free period of 120 days. Qiqihar suburbs and Longjiang County have a highsummer average temperature of 35 degrees C, a low winter temperature of -35degrees C, and a frost-free period of 150 days.North of the Nenjiang River Valley the land is mountainous and rich in naturalresources, including forests, valuable medicinal herbs, fur-bearing animals, variousprecious birds, and fish. Mineral resources are abundant. The upper reaches of theNenjiang River and its tributaries offer favorable conditions for hydro-electricproduction with considerable drops in elevation. Lower river areas offer advantageoustransportation opportunities. Valley flatlands drained by the river and its tributariesare suitable for farming and animal husbandry. Such multi-featured resource-rich
topography provides Dagur with a natural base for development of a diversifiedeconomy based on agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, and hunting andgathering. The Nenjiang River plain to the south has oil-bearing sands. It is home tosoybeans, chinese sorghum, millet, corn, wheat, and vegetables. Small river valleysalong the river boast lush pastures in line with animal husbandry. The central reachesteem with fish. Natural features of other areas where Dagur live vary, depending ongeography. Aihui Dagur living in the river valley on the south bank of theHeilongjiang River have developed an agricultural and fishing economy includingcold-resistant millet and wheat. Sturgeon, which, in the past, was a major tribute itemrequired of Dagur by the imperial government, is harvested in this area. Hailar Dagurin Hulunbuir League are engaged primarily in animal husbandry, as are XinjiangDagur living in north Tacheng County.1.4 LanguageDagur have a spoken language, but no written one.) During the Qing Dyna~ty,~ theManchu written system was adopted, and certain Dagur elders have a good commandof it. The use of Chinese came with the advent of the Republic of China.' HailarDagur use both Chinese and Mongolian. Tacheng Dagur use Kazakh, as well asChinese, because many are engaged in Chinese and Kazakh translations.Dagur belongs to the Mongolian Language Group of the Altaic Language Family.In 77ze Annals of Heilongjiang (vol. 7), published in October of 1932 in Beijing, atable was appended comparing dialects [words of which were] placed in 20 categoriessuch as astrology, geography, seasons of the year, prominent people, humanrelations, etiquette, and so on, for a total of 858 words of Manchu, Mongolian,Dagur, Ewenki, and Oroqen extraction. This revealed that, eliminating loanwords andmistranslated words, 466 were Dagur. Of these, 222 (47.6%) were close toMongolian. One hundred and thirteen (24.5%) were close to Manchu. One hundredand four (27.3 %) were different from both Mongolian and Manchu.In the past few centuries Dagur scattered to several locations. Nevertheless, Dagurshows only minor dialectical variation. Dagur, in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary,and grammar is widely understandable. Based on local pronunciation peculiarities andvocabulary, Dagur may be divided into three major dialects (Table 1.2).TABLE 1.2 Dagur Dialects (1958 Census)Dialect # of Sneakers LocationButeha 22,000 Morin Dawaa; Ewenki Banner;Nenj iang Nahe, & Gannan Counties.Qiqihar 25,000Xinjiang 2,000Qiqihar; Longj iang, Fuyu, & AihuiCounties; Buteha; & Arong Banner.Tacheng & Huocheng Counties.3[Dagur do have a written language, but little effort has been made to popularizeit.]
Page 1 and 2: SINO-PLATONIC PAPERSNumber 60 Decem
Page 3: China 'sMinority:Society,YShamanism
Page 6 and 7: ContentsPart One: History and Cultu
Page 8 and 9: contents (continued)8.2 Poetry < 47
Page 10 and 11: Contents (continued)Jiyanbuk (I & 1
Page 13 and 14: Part I: History and CultureThis mat
Page 15: TABLE 1.1 Population Distribution o
Page 19 and 20: county was founded with an autonomo
Page 21 and 22: ecause marriage between these two h
Page 23 and 24: Thirty porfuls of urum,Eight tablef
Page 25 and 26: Andmwery stags on the shady side.Th
Page 27 and 28: uried in the former grave, because
Page 29 and 30: during the time mourning clothing w
Page 31 and 32: EtiquetteDagur emphasized etiquette
Page 33 and 34: 6.3 Daily Life TaboosWomen did not
Page 35 and 36: a bow and arrow until the ritual en
Page 37 and 38: 1. Mangie (demon) (9)2. Nine-headed
Page 39 and 40: chanted the locations and adornment
Page 41 and 42: 7.2f Goddess Hojoor of Mor Mokon, G
Page 43 and 44: With his birthplace in the inner la
Page 45 and 46: 7.20 Uginuxi NiangniangUginuxi Nian
Page 47 and 48: diseases. Sacrifices for Xieru Dala
Page 49 and 50: Enen Hal Hojoor YadganTwo brothers
Page 51 and 52: took out a sword, tied it into thre
Page 53 and 54: troubles and calamities. Through th
Page 55 and 56: yadgan felt the pulse to discern wh
Page 57 and 58: y using the Eight Diagrams.% Their
Page 59 and 60: meters across, and shaped like an a
Page 61 and 62: Spring plowing begins,And the plow
Page 63 and 64: wcials come again asking for rent.I
Page 65 and 66: 9. Ib DialoguesPopular musical dial
Page 67 and 68:
suggesting fighting. At this moment
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EmbroideryGirls began learning sewi
Page 71 and 72:
An Introductory Discussion of Dagur
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Using the bladeof killing,Picking o
Page 75 and 76:
A Discussion of Dagur Folk Plastic
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composition, line, and color-painti
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Manchu literary works. Folk stories
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2.5 Folk ToysHanik is the main Dagu
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Part 111: Folktales"n[We are aware
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Qiker and Jin Guide. I made a few c
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eality.In terms of social developme
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etween gods and man. Shamans could
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BeginningsOrigin of Snow and Rain6'
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watch would come. He worriedly cons
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The Choke-Choke Bird7'Once a Dagur
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Shamans and GodsThe Tree and the Yo
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ut you did. He nearly killed me!" B
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Tuqingga Yadga~~~~More than 90 year
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We had you by pleading with gods!Yo
Page 105 and 106:
Bardubayin returned to the house wh
Page 107 and 108:
platform. She asked the monsters, "
Page 109 and 110:
Why did you rob his life and bring
Page 111 and 112:
Your flesh and skin have rotted, ye
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women and biting them?" Goddess Wom
Page 115 and 116:
spring, when his master herded alon
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called Har Barken. Every year a cow
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hidden it. They told them this and
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wise in the ways of the world and s
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construction site was marked off, p
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came out of his home, he found the
Page 127 and 128:
the young man that he desired to gi
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In summer,I rolled on green satin!I
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Every fall you had more horses that
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travelled due south. In time he cam
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fishermen in the Heilongjiang River
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There was a wind ghost in Jiyanbuk'
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Aqinbu visited Wosiwenbu. He preten
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iver was frozen over. Sajierdi Khan
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Evil is Punished, Good is RewardedW
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one old man took out two precious b
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what had happened, she felt very sy
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passed the third home of a village.
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Filial PietyThe Mother DonkeyuoA yo
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must enter!" Altan Barken then said
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hostess injured the spider sprite w
Page 157 and 158:
his home. His wife, Ginseng Girl, a
Page 159 and 160:
turned and looked back. He was horr
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ode off together. Half a day later
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Yearning Swans1"Two villages stood
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Brother BeastThe Hunter Who Underst
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Elder Brother and want to go home."
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led the boy to his sister and in th
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as precious." Thereafter, villagers
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and told the boy to sit inside. Not
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for the purpose of killing him. He
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The emperor immediately ordered his
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ReferencesBender, Mark and Su Huana
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Cemetery 11, 14, 15, 34Census VII,
Page 183 and 184:
Ghost VII, 80, 81, 87, 92, 93, 96,
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Matchmaking 11, 9, 12Measles 15Meat
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S ino-Russian 6Sky 23, 60, 75, 76,
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Previous IssuesNumber Date Author T
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Previous Issues, cont.Number Date A
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