Field Guide. cropping and pastoral grazing on flat to rolling country.

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PLANT INDICATORSPasture utilisation Assess pasture utilisation by the proportion of pasture that has beengrazed, <strong>and</strong> by the proportion not smeared by or trampled into themud by <strong>grazing</strong> animals (see opposite).Assess pasture utilisation during the wet winter months after or nearthe end of a <strong>grazing</strong> cycle.DEGRADED SOILS have a low load-bearing capacity. As a result,pastures on these soils are easily trampled into the mud when wet. Thismakes them both inaccessible <strong>and</strong> unpalatable to stock. Trampling canreduce pasture utilisation by 20–40 percent.74 VISUAL SOIL ASSESSMENT: Volume 1
FIGURE 9: Visual scoring (VS) of pasture utilisationVisual score(VS)Pasture utilisation2 Good pasture utilisation with only a little ofthe pasture being trampled into the mud1 Moderate utilisation with a significantamount of pasture being covered by, <strong>and</strong>trampled into the mud0 Poor utilisation with a large proportion ofpasture being covered by, <strong>and</strong> trampledinto the mudVISUAL SOIL ASSESSMENT: Volume 175
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VISUAL SOILASSESSMENTCROPPED SOILPA
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TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction 5Visu
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INTRODUCTIONTHE QUESTION - To profi
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The following examples illustrate t
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2. Setting upIt is important to be
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VISUAL SOILASSESSMENTNO-TILLCONVENT
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SCORE CARDVisual indicators for ass
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SOIL INDICATORSSoil structure <stro
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SOIL INDICATORSSoil porosity under
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SOIL INDICATORSSoil colour under <s
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SOIL INDICATORSNumber and</
Page 24 and 25: SOIL INDICATORSEarthworm counts und
Page 26 and 27: SOIL INDICATORSPresence of a tillag
Page 28 and 29: SOIL INDICATORSDegree of clod devel
Page 30 and 31: SOIL INDICATORSSusceptibility to wi
Page 32 and 33: 32 VISUAL SOIL ASSESSMENT: Volume 1
Page 34 and 35: PLANT INDICATORSCrop emergence Asse
Page 36 and 37: PLANT INDICATORSCrop height at matu
Page 38 and 39: PLANT INDICATORSThe size an
Page 40 and 41: PLANT INDICATORSCrop yield Assess r
Page 42 and 43: PLANT INDICATORSRoot diseases Asses
Page 44 and 45: PLANT INDICATORSWeed infestation As
Page 46 and 47: PLANT INDICATORSSurface ponding und
Page 48 and 49: PLANT INDICATORSProduction costs As
Page 50 and 51: 50 VISUAL SOIL ASSESSMENT: Volume 1
Page 53 and 54: SCORE CARDVisual indicators for ass
Page 55 and 56: INSTRUCTIONS FORASSESSING SOIL QUAL
Page 57 and 58: FIGURE 1: Visual scoring (VS) of so
Page 63 and 64: FIGURE 4: Visual scoring (VS) of nu
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 5: Visual scoring (VS) of ea
Page 67 and 68: FIGURE 6: Visual scoring (VS) of su
Page 69 and 70: INSTRUCTIONS FORASSESSING SOIL QUAL
Page 71 and 72: FIGURE 7: Visual scoring (VS) of pa
Page 73: FIGURE 8: Visual scoring (VS) of pa
Page 77 and 78: FIGURE 10: Visual scoring (VS) of a
Page 79 and 80: FIGURE 11: Visual scoring (VS) of d
Page 81 and 82: FIGURE 12: Visual scoring (VS) of s
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 13: Scoring of stock-carryin
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Field Guide. cropping and pastoral grazing on flat to rolling country.

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