The Chemical Age: Presenting history with metaphors∗

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Asko Nivala‘source material’ and replace them with formal mathematical language.When one replaces the metaphor of ‘source’ with the word ‘evidence’, onesimply proceeds to another metaphor borrowed from jurisprudence. 79 AsHans Blumenberg emphasized, the modern project to purify language tothe level of mathematical certainty was unsuccessful. Hence, metaphorsare necessary for presenting philosophical knowledge. Blumenberg callsabsolute metaphors those which cannot be translated into conceptuallanguage. Those metaphors have histories in a more radical sense than conceptshave histories. 80 This applies to language deployed in the writing ofhistory. History cannot present human actions, conceptions, experiencesand feelings using a language that is purified from sensory content andmetaphors. In this respect, cultural history has two aims when studyingthe age of Romanticism. First, the different metaphors that Romanticsused are a topic of research for cultural history. Second, the Romanticconception of metaphors as a necessary component in the study of historyoffers something instructive for the consideration for contemporaryscholars.SourcesBibliographyFichte, Johann Gottlieb (1988 [1794]). Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre.Hamburg: Felix Meiner.Herder, Johann Gottfried (1984). Werke. Hrsg. v. Wolfgang Pross. Bd. I. München:Hanser.Hobbes, Thomas ([1651] 1999). Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill. Hamilton: McMaster University.Hölderlin, Friedrich (2000 [post.]). Urteil und Sein. Theorie der Romantik. Hrsg. v.Herbert Uerlings. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam, pp. 52–53.Kant, Immanuel (2004 [1781/1787]). Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Hrsg. v. WilhelmWeischedel. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.— ([1783] 1996). Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik, die als Wissenschaftwird auftreten können. Hrsg. v. Wilhelm Weischedel. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp.111–264.79 On the judicial metaphors see Burke 2002, pp. 23–24.80 Blumenberg [1960] 1998, pp. 7, 10–13.104Asko Nivala: The Chemical Age: Presenting History with Metaphors. In: Bruce Johnson & Harri Kiiskinen (eds.): They DoThings Differently There. Essays on Cultural History. Cultural History – Kulttuurihistoria 9. k&h, Turku, 2011. Pp. 81–108.
The Chemical AgeKant, Immanuel ([1788] 2004). Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Hrsg. v. WilhelmWeischedel. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.— ([1790] 2004). Kritik der Urteilskraft. Hrsg. v. Wilhelm Weischedel. Frankfurt a. M.:Suhrkamp.— ([1798] 1977). The Contest of Faculties. A Renewed Attempt to Answer the Question:‘Is the Human Race Continually Improving?’ Kant’s Political Writings. Ed. Hans Reiss.Transl. by H. B. Nisbet. Originally: Der Streit der Fakultäten. Cambridge, London,New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, pp. 177–190.Novalis ([1978] 2005). Werke, Tagebücher und Briefe Friedrich von Hardenbergs. Bd 2.Das philosophisch-theoretische Werk. Hrsg. v. Hans-Joachim Mähl und Richard Samuel.München und Wien: Hanser.Schlegel, Friedrich (1958–2009). Kritische Friedrich-Schlegel-Ausgabe. Hrsg. v. ErnstBehler unter Mitw. v. Jean-Jacques Anstett, Hans Eichner und anderen Fachgelehrten.Paderborn, München, Wien und Zürich: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh.— (1971). Friedrich Schlegel’s Lucinde and the Fragments. Translated by Peter Firchow.Minneapolis.— (1997 [1800-1801]). ‘Introduction to the Transcendental Philosophy’. Originally:Transcendentalphilosophie. In Theory as Practice. A Critical Anthology of Early RomanticWritings. Ed. and trans. by Jochen Schulte-Sasse. Coedited, translated and introducedby Haynes Horne, Andreas Michel, Elizabeth Mittman, Assenka Oksiloff, Lisa C.Roetzel and Mary R. Strand. Minnesota and London: University of Minnesota Press,pp. 240–267.— ([1800] 1997). ‘On Incomprehensibility’. In Theory as Practice. A Critical Anthology ofEarly Romantic Writings. Ed. and trans. by Jochen Schulte-Sasse. Coedited, translatedand introduced by Haynes Horne, Andreas Michel, Elizabeth Mittman, AssenkaOksiloff, Lisa C. Roetzel and Mary R. Strand. Minnesota and London: University ofMinnesota Press, pp. 118–127.LiteratureAlbert, Marina Foschi (1995). Friedrich Schlegels Theorie des Witzes und sein RomanLucinde. Bern, Berlin und New York: Peter Lang.Balmes, Hans Jürgen ([1987] 2002). Kommentar zu Band 2. In Novalis: Werke, Tagebücherund Briefe Friedrich von Hardenbergs. Bd 3. Kommentar. Hrsg. v. Hans-Joachim Mählund Richard Samuel. München und Wien: Hanser.Behler, Ernst (1989). Unendliche Perfektibilität. Europäische Romantik und FranzösischeRevolution. Paderborn, München, Wien und Zürich: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh.— (1993). German Romantic Literary Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Behrens, Klaus (1984). Friedrich Schlegels Geschichtsphilosophie (1794-1808). Ein Beitragzur Politischen Romantik. Tübingen: Niemeyer.Beiser, Frederick C. (1992). Enlightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism : The Genesis ofModern German Political Thought, 1790-1800. Harvard University Press: Cambridge.Best, Otto (1989). Der Witz als Erkenntniskraft und Formprinzip. Darmstadt: Wis-Asko Nivala: The Chemical Age: Presenting History with Metaphors. In: Bruce Johnson & Harri Kiiskinen (eds.): They DoThings Differently There. Essays on Cultural History. Cultural History – Kulttuurihistoria 9. k&h, Turku, 2011. Pp. 81–108.105
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