ARISTOTLE'S PRIOR AND POSTERIOR ANALYTICS

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APILTOTEI\OYL ANAI\YTIKAARISTOTLE'SPRIOR AND POSTERIORANALYTICSA REVISED TEXTWITH INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTARYBYW. D. ROSSOXFORDAT THE CLARENDON PRESS
Page 1: ARISTOTLE'SPRIOR AND POSTERIORANALY
Page 5: PREFACEIT is one hundred and five y
Page 9 and 10: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHYAldine edition:
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTIONITHE TITLE AND THE PLAN
Page 13 and 14: TITLE AND PLAN OF THE ANALYTICS 3cr
Page 15 and 16: TITLE AND PLAN OF THE ANALYTICS 5th
Page 17 and 18: RELATION OF PRIOR TO POSTERIOR ANAL
Page 35 and 36: THE PURE OR ASSERTORIC SYLLOGISM 25
Page 41 and 42: THE PURE OR ASSERTORIC SYLLOGISMgen
Page 51 and 52: THE MODAL SYLLOGISMaccused of incon
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THE MODAL SYLLOGISM 43totle seems t
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THE MODAL SYLLOGISM 45tions stating
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THE MODAL SYLLOGISM 47'Some C is no
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INDUCTION 49S7)Aov S~ on ~fL'i.v 'T
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INDUCTIONSIfacts, which are the mos
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DEMONSTRA TIVE SCIENCES3certain att
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCE 55from the in
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCE 57all things
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCES9should have
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCE 61triangle as
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCElinked by a mi
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCEproof are obvi
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCEpremisses must
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCE 69mediate pre
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCE 7 1metaphysic
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DEMONSTRATIVE SCIENCE 73same attrib
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DEMONSTRA TIVE SCIENCE 75can satisf
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SECOND BOOK OF POSTERIOR ANALYTICS
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SECOND BOOK OF POSTERIOR AN ALYTICS
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SECOND BOOK OF POSTERIOR ANALYTlCS
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THE TEXT OF THE ANALYTICSVIIITHE TE
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THE TEXT OF THE ANALYTlCS 89variati
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THE TEXT OF THE ANALYTICS 9 1this M
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THE TEXT OF THE AN ALYTICS 93noted
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MANUSCRIPTS NOT INCLUDED IN THE SIG
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CONSPECTUS OF THE CONTENTS 28129 Ru
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CONSPECTUS OF THE CONTENTS 283B. PR
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CONSPECTUS OF THE CONTENTS 2852. Th
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COMMENTARYANALYTICA PRIORABOOK ICHA
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of it in the astronomer Autolycus 2
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£av fL~ 'TO frVaL ~ fL~ £lVaL 7TP
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1. 1. 24b26-2. 25"34 29325 3 3. Ka.
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295section as spurious on the groun
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297(2) 'For all B, being A is conti
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299IZ-13. ToilTo ••• 1TPOTEPO
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:n.I. 4. 2S b 26-36 30r(C) Both pre
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3 0 3and the much commoner lJ7raPXE
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24-5' 8pOL SE ... X£905. Some whit
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This explanation is open to two obj
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stances. On the other hand, some su
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1. 5. 27 b 38- 6. 28"33(B) One prem
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3 1 3which, no S being P, and some
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3 1 5figure by conversion of a prem
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1. 7. 29 b26 - 8. 3°"14 3 1 7out (
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1. ·S. 30"II-g. 30"2SCh. 10 discus
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321be established by a reductio. Bu
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323men are in fact animals, and som
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In giving instances of third-figure
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1. 13. 32"16-29 3 2 7necessity is l
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that' B may be A' is convertible wi
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33 1I A may belong to anything to w
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333C7TEP11nKWV 8E Q.TEAtlS. That Ec
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33530. (B) One premiss particular(a
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I. IS. 34"1-24 337as a necessary co
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339laid down in 3Ib37---9, draws th
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34 1for all C to be E). It follows
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3434o-bZ. 1TXT]V Ol ~ ••• 1Tp
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345AnOe) the conclusion will be pro
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34710. avaYKTJ 8TJ •.. ulI'apxuv.
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349necessary that no pitch be white
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35 19. (3) Nor can the converse be
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L 17. 36b26-37"37 353(Y) it is nece
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35529. AeEEp valid, by conversion.2
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357Thus AeA and AAe in the second f
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35931. (c) Both premisses negative,
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should be A, or contingent that all
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35. leAele similarly valid.36. (b)
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23. (d) Both premisses negative :a
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Maier (za. zoz n. I) suspects the w
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1. 22. 40aI5-bI2 369negative. All i
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37 1that the modal syllogisms are s
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373to follow from the original hypo
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1. 24. 4I~22 375segment'. But if eq
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377alternative syllogisms, or {ii)
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1. 25. 4235-30 379supported. This p
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that the usage of TTap£p:rrl7rTHV
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predicable of them; (2) some are pr
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25. ~t~'1'1fTaL ya.p (V lKElVOLS, '
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1. 28. 44az-IItwo are the same, (2)
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we knew was simply that all E is Zn
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39 Icase dealt with in "4-9, is don
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393been shown to be in one of the t
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395it). The reason for this is that
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CHAPTER 31397Division46"31. The met
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39936-7. oiiT' EV ot5 •.. 1TPE1TE
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I. 32. 4782 - 33. 47 h 37 40 1CHAPT
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4882-15. otov Et .•• uyiEIa.V.
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where CE is parallel to BA. Then LA
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the three things we are arguing abo
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CHAPTER 38The difference between pr
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4 IIA. makes here two points with r
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the process of exhibiting the valid
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CHAPTER 43In discussing definitio1%
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e true, it follows that All 5 is P
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CHAPTER 46Resolution of arguments i
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4 21of A and B, and e that of rand.
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when (2) is not. The analogy is not
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425BOOK IICHAPTER 1M ore than one c
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II. 1. 53"7-12syllogisms with a uni
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18. (cl (a) A partly false major an
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43 III-I2. OlOY TO yevos ..• ~ha.
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433from KaL El al-'
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435by the existence and by the non-
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437(b9- II). Let it be the case tha
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Syllogism36. All B is A.Some C is B
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II. S. S8 b 6-8is P, is M' strikes
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H. 6. S8 b zo-7. 5934ISyllogismReci
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11. 7. 59 3 32-41 445CHAPTER 8Conve
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1I. 8. 59bZ - 9. 60"Z7 447original
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449s. We see, then, (I) how the con
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II. 11. 61"27-31 45 1ReductioRemark
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Propositions tobe proved]2. Some B
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II. 13. 6Z b 1o-z8 455to be false.
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457take the contradictory of the co
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459related as a whole to part to, t
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obtaining a conclusion of the form
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from 66"13-15 ofov 'Tch' 1TapaAA~Ao
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n. 16. 65820--1to occur in the seco
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premisses or on more than two. If a
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n. 17. 66"5-20. 66bI7b4• Since we
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11. 20. 66 b g-17 471and that all D
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11. 2I-2 473A. considers first (66
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11. 21. 66br8-r9 475of a particular
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CHAPTER 22477Rules for the use of c
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479difficult. The vulgate reading,
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particular in the pursuit of any ar
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11.23a general proposition than he
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n. 23. 68 b 20-Jpoint. In the demon
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(imperfect induction). What he is d
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CHAPTER 25Reduction of one problem
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n. 25. 69"21-34 49 1be squared. We
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11.26 4931402831, 1403"26, 1418bS).
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II. 26. 69b21-37a particular 'objec
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497'a bad man does not do evil to a
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II.27 49922. If then (1) we can col
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501out of place and to varying atte
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POSTERIOR AN ALYTICSBOOK ICHAPTER 1
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I. 1. 7I&I-2I 505only the primary e
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5 0 7unnatural limitation to set on
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fallacy of accident. The meaning is
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SI!correspondence which exists betw
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513two kinds of it; or rather the s
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5 I 523-4' Kat ou IlOVOV ••. yv
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I. 3· 73"6-14 5 1 740b3O--7. Two p
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5 I 9that they must be true of ever
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5 21thing that EVV7TCipXH €v some
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523puzzling, then, to find A. sayin
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525the only instance given ('16-17)
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demonstrating, by saying of their p
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5 2 9it must use necessary premisse
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53!is to be transferable; otherwise
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533ch. 9 he shows that they cannot
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535moons of which not all exist at
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53717-114, 17, ps.-Al. in Soph. El.
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539and this is not hypothesis, unle
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I. 10. 76bIO-77a2 541it is read by
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I. II. 7rS-35 543if C is B (even if
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1. I2 545major predicated of all of
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547have written these words here as
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549This interpretation is, however,
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55!from the ground but the less fam
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553capable of laughing, Therefore m
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555experience of ni q,au,6p.Eva fro
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557be atomically deniable of B. For
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55921. (c) If B is in fact included
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56rmay but must be false, because,
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1. 17. 80 b 17-818 34first figure t
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1. 17. 81"26--]the universals if on
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a man, but the white is a man becau
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which it means 'occurs as predicate
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I. 20. 82"30-4 57!29. Further, if w
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57320. TO U'lTclPXnV a.d T~ o.vwTip
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1. 22 575an infinite series of subj
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1. 22 577subject and whiteness a ge
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I. 22 579to prove to be impossible,
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58!there must be pairs of terms whi
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%I. U1I'a.PXELY EY T4I EyL. fl, sho
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585~. KW aTOlX€la. ••• Ka.9
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the third figure. But a reference t
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1. 23. 85"3-24. 858I6 589culars, in
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as. TO 8E Ka.eO~OU 'lrpWTOV. 'and t
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593is to not-being). Therefore the
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1. 26. 8]"10-28 595syllogism. At th
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597can call them ouaiaL in a second
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59988·~. Still, as a result of see
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1. 32. 880I9-3I 60IIS. Nor (2) does
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more thorough) by interpolating a m
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I. 32- 88b9-29 605Cherniss (A.'5 Cr
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another name for it; and I have alt
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CHAPTER 34609Quick wit89b1o. Quick
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IT. I. Bgh256IIa middle term, or wh
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613a certain subject (e.g. the moon
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11.3.90"37-91"9 615cal, using somet
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617cussion of definition; his posit
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619either terrestrial or aquatic; h
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11. 5. gl b 26-9284 62192&3-4. 0 S
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premisses from which we reason and
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H. 6. 92"21-3°CHAPTER 7Neither def
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not being a genus). Therefore there
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11. 8 629cloud. Why does it thunder
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II. 8existence of a so-and-so but m
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H. 8. 93"6-9. 93h27CHAPTER 9What es
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11. 10thing defined exists; and thi
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CHAPTER 11Each of four types of cau
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II.lItypical examples of the materi
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lI.non 000 dp9al TO Tp{yWVOV (1051-
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lI.IIof an object; and this desire
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n.IImiddle term must come first; in
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Finally ('6---9), A. points out tha
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n. I231. Inference from past to ear
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H. I2planes if they meet at a line,
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eminder that even if we infer the e
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H.13 655here or here', and assume t
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l-5. ill'd S, ... Ta.UTa.. The MSS.
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11. 13. g6bz6-grIIdoubtless thought
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66131-9. 'l'OU 8E 'l'iAlu'I'au,u
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having them in their truly scientif
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665thus by SimPl. Phys. 1350. 3I-o'
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entail cause? and Does cause entail
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I1. I7, I8 669the subject. If you h
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H. 17, 18and for his attempt to sho
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I!. I7. 99"I3-I8. 99bIIright sense;
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11. 19bS. (1) Now (a) of the thinki
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third patient the remedy which help
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ayaOov, dist. TO ayaOov 49blOaY/"'I
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d:TTo"'aTtJ(W~ 64314ap,O/L"1T'KOS 9
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iTTI.'7TOAcl{nv 'Ta at'no. 94 hI3br
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OT', TO 75"16, 76"II, 78"22-79"16,8
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.pac,,~ )( a1To.paCJts 32828, SI b2
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lIayduck. ~. 540. 615. 673lIeath. T
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ARISTOTLE'S PRIOR AND POSTERIOR ANALYTICS

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