Vaccines-2013 - OMICS Group

111 th OMICS Group ConferenceJuly 2013 Volume 4 Issue 5 ISSN: 2157-7560Journal of Vaccines & VaccinationOpen AccessProceedings of3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASponsor & ExhibitorMedia Partners“Organize your Events at OMICS Group Conferences”Proposals are invited for organizing Symposia/Workshops atOMICS Group Conferences or OMICS Group will sponsor smallevents at your universities in related areas under the title of yourown. These proposals can be sent to respective conference mail idsor to symposia@omicsonline.orgOMICS Group Conferences5716 Corsa Ave., Suite 110, WestlakeLos Angeles, CA 91362-7354, USAPhone: +1-650-268-9744Fax: +1-650-618-1414Toll free: +1-800-216-6499Email: vaccines2013@omicsonline.us

OMICS Group JournalsOmicsChemistryISSNAnalytical & Bioanalytical Techniques 2155-9872Chromatography & Separation Techniques 2157-7064Medicinal Chemistry 2161-0444Modern Chemistry & Applications -Natural Products Chemistry & Research -Organic Chemistry 2161-0401Physical Chemistry & Biophysics 2161-0398Plant Biochemistry & Physiology -Thermodynamics & Catalysis 2157-7544Pharmaceutical SciencesISSNData Mining in Genomics & Proteomics 2153-0602Glycomics & Lipidomics 2153-0637Health & Medical Informatics 2157-7420Metabolomics: Open Access 2153-0769Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics 2153-0645Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology -Proteomics & Bioinformatics 0974-276XISSNAdvances in Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety 2167-1052Alcoholism and Drug Dependence -Antivirals & Antiretrovirals 1948-5964Bioanalysis & Biomedicine 1948-593XBioequivalence & Bioavailability 0975-0851Biosafety & Health Education -Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Open Access -Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics 2167-065XDeveloping Drugs -Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 2157-7609Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic ProcessResearch-Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta 2153-2435Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs: Open Access 2167-7689Pharmacovigilance -Vaccines & Vaccination 2157-7560ManagementISSNAccounting & Marketing 2168-9601Business & Financial Affairs 2167-0234Civil & Legal Sciences 2169-0170Defense Management 2167-0374Entrepreneurship & Organization Management 2169-026XGlobal Economics -Hotel & Business Management 2169-0286Intellectual Property Rights: Open Access -Mass Communication & Journalism 2165-7912Political Sciences & Public Affairs -Socialomics 2167-0358Stock & Forex Trading 2168-9458Tourism & Hospitality 2167-0269ClinicalISSNAIDS & Clinical Research 2155-6113Anesthesia & Clinical Research 2155-6148Cancer Science & Therapy 1948-5956Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis 2157-2518Cell Science & Therapy 2157-7013Chemotherapy 2167-7700Clinical & Cellular Immunology 2155-9899Clinical & Experimental Cardiology 2155-9880Clinical & Experimental Dermatology Research 2155-9554Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 2155-9570Clinical & Experimental Pathology 2161-0681Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology 2161-1459Clinical Microbiology: Open Access -Clinical Research & Bioethics 2155-9627Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle -Clinical Toxicology 2161-0495Cytology & Histology 2157-7099Forensic Research 2157-7145Integrative Oncology -Neurology & Neurophysiology 2155-9562Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine 2161-105xStem Cell Research & Therapy 2157-7633Transplantation Technologies & Research 2161-0991EngineeringISSNAdvances in Automobile Engineering 2167-7670Advances in Robotics & Automation 2168-9695Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering 2168-9792Applied & Computational Mathematics 2168-9679Applied Mechanical Engineering 2168-9873Architectural Engineering Technology 2168-9717Astrophysics & Aerospace Technology -Bioprocessing & Biotechniques 2155-9821Chemical Engineering & Process Technology 2157-7048Civil & Environmental Engineering 2165-784XComputer Science & Systems Biology 0974-7230Electrical & Electronics 2167-101XFood Processing & Technology 2157-7110Geology & Geosciences -Geophysics & Remote Sensing 2169-0049Industrial Engineering & Management 2169-0316Information Technology & Software Engineering 2165-7866Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 2168-9768Material Sciences & Engineering 2169-0022Powder Metallurgy & Mining 2168-9806Telecommunications System & Management 2167-0919Textile Science & Engineering 2165-8064Contact us at: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 2

Medical SciencesISSNAddiction Research & Therapy 2155-6105Air & Water borne Diseases 2167-7719Allergy & Therapy 2155-6121Alternative & Integrative Medicine -Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism 2161-0460Anaplastology 2161-1173Anatomy & Physiology 2161-0940Ancient Diseases & Preventive Remedies -Andrology 2167-0250Arthritis 2167-7921Autacoids 2161-0479Biological Systems: Open Access -Blood & Lymph 2165-7831Blood Disorders & Transfusion 2155-9864Bone Marrow Research -Brain Disorders & Therapy 2168-975XCardiovascular Diseases & Diagnosis -Clinical Case Reports 2165-7920Clinical Trials 2167-0870Cloning & Transgenesis 2168-9849Community Medicine & Health Education 2161-0711Dentistry 2161-1122Depression and Anxiety 2167-1044Diabetes & Metabolism 2155-6156Drug Designing 2169-0138Emergency Medicine 2165-7548Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome 2161-1017Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology 2161-0983Epidemiology: Open Access 2161-1165Ergonomics 2165-7556Family Medicine & Medical Science Research -Fertilization: In Vitro 2165-7491Gastrointestinal & Digestive System 2161-069xGeneral Medicine -Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy 2157-7412Gerontology & Geriatrics Research 2167-7182Glycobiology 2168-958XGynecology & Obstetrics 2161-0932Haematology & Thromboembolic Diseases -Hair: Therapy & Transplantation 2167-0951Hereditary Genetics 2161-1041Homeopathy & Ayurvedic Medicine 2167-1206Human Genetics & Embryology 2161-0436Hypertension-Open Access 2167-1095Internal Medicine 2165-8048International Journal of Physical Medicine &RehabilitationLeukemia -Liver 2167-0889Medical & Surgical Urology 2168-9857Medical Diagnostic Methods 2168-9784Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis 2161-0703Metabolic Syndrome 2167-0943Molecular Biology 2168-9547Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis 2155-9929Mycobacterial Diseases 2161-1068Neonatal Biology 2167-0897Nephrology & Therapeutics 2161-0959Neurological Disorders -Novel Physiotherapies 2165-7025Nuclear Medicine & Radiation Therapy 2155-9619Nursing & Care 2167-1168Nutritional Disorders & Therapy 2161-0509Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy 2165-7904Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs -OMICS Journal of Radiology 2167-7964Orthopedic & Muscular System 2161-0533Otolaryngology 2161-119xPain & Relief 2167-0846Palliative Care & Medicine 2165-7386Pancreatic Disorders & Therapy 2165-7092Pediatrics & Therapeutics 2161-0665Primary Health Care: Open Access 2167-1079Psychological Abnormalities in Children -Psychology & Psychotherapy 2161-0487Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders 2161-038xRheumatology: Current Research 2161-1149Sleep Disorders & Therapy 2167-0277Spine 2165-7939Sports Medicine & Doping Studies 2161-0673Steroids & Hormonal Science 2157-7536Surgery: Current Research 2161-1076Thyroid Disorders & Therapy 2167-7948Translational Medicine 2161-1025Trauma & Treatment 2167-1222Tropical Medicine and Surgery -Vascular Medicine & surgery -Women's Health Care 2167-0420Yoga & Physical Therapy 2157-7595-Page 3

Life SciencesISSNAdvanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine -Advancements in Genetic Engineering -Advances in Crop Science and Technology -Advances in Dairy Research -Aging Science -Agrotechnology 2168-9881Angiology: Open Access -Autism-Open Access 2165-7890Bacteriology & Parasitology 2155-9597Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access 2167-0501Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access 2168-9652Biochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry 2161-1009Biochips & Tissue Chips 2153-0777Bioenergetics 2167-7662Bioengineering & Biomedical Science 2155-9538Biofertilizers & Biopesticides 2155-6202Biometrics & Biostatistics 2155-6180Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics 2167-7956Bioremediation & Biodegradation 2155- 6199Biosafety 2167-0331Biosensors & Bioelectronics 2155-6210Biotechnology & Biomaterials 2155-952XBioterrorism & Biodefense 2157-2526Cell & Developmental Biology 2168-9296Child and Adolescent Behavior -Enzyme Engineering -Experimental Sciences: Open Access -Fermentation Technology 2167-7972Forest Research: Open Access 2168-9776Fungal Genomics & Biology 2165-8056Gene Technology -General Practice -Health Care : Current Reviews -Herpetology-Open Access -Horticulture -Infectious Diseases and Therapy -Marine Science: Research & Development 2155-9910Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 2167-0412Membrane Science & Technology 2155-9589Microbial & Biochemical Technology 1948-5948Molecular Imaging & Dynamics 2155-9937Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery 2155-983XNanomedicine & Nanotechnology 2157-7439Nutrition & Food Sciences 2155-9600Oral Hygiene & Vector Biology -Osteoporosis & Physical Activity -Plant Pathology & Microbiology 2157-7471Primatology 2167-6801Rice Research -Single Cell Biology -Social & Economical Issues of Biotechnology -Sociology & Criminology-Open Access -Tissue Science & Engineering 2157-7552Transcriptomics: Open Access -Tropical Diseases -Veterinary Science & Technology 2157-7579Vitamins & Minerals -Virology & Mycology 2161-0517EnvironmentalISSNAdvance Research in Meteorological Sciences -Anthroplogy -Aquaculture Research & Development 2155-9546Astrobiology & Outreach -Biodiversity & Endangered Species -Earth Science & Climatic Change 2157-7617Ecosystem & Ecography 2157-7625Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2161-0525Fisheries & Livestock Production -Geography & Natural Disasters 2167-0587Hydrology: Current Research 2157-7587Oceanography-Open Access -Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology 2157-7463Pollution Effects & Control -Poultry, Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences -About OMICSOMICS Publishing Group is an Open Access publication with a mission to infl uence, encourage and assist scientists that enablesthe dissemination of research articles to the global community. It provides an open forum to share on science and technology andresearch policies around the globe and contributes to the creation of an integrated space for science and technology.OMICS Group Inc. organizes symposia/conferences at the national and international level throughout the year focussing onhelping scientists, promote and collaborate with each other for the advancement of science & technology.OMICS Group Inc.,2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPh: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417E-mail: info@omicsgroup.org / info@omicsonline.orgPage 4

Impact Factors (IF) and Index CopernicusValues (ICV)OMICS Publishing Group - Journal Name PubMed Abbreviation IF ICVJournal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques J Anal Bioanal Tech 3.48 5.59Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research J AIDS Clin Res 5.94 5.58Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy J Addict Res Ther 1.16 5.63Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development J Aquacult Res Dev 0.9 5.2Journal of Allergy & Therapy J Allergy Ther 2.23 4.61Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research J Anesth Clin Res 1.33 5.26Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals J Antivir Antiretrovir 2.96 4.86Journal of Biometrics & Biostatistics J Biom Biostat 1.25 4.59Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability J Bioequiv Availab 2.07 5.24Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine J Bioanal Biomed 2.49 6.18Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics Biosens Bioelectron 3.64 4.66Journal of Bioterrorism & Biodefense J Bioterror Biodef 2.363 4.68Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation J Bioremed Biodeg 3.194 5.14Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion J Blood Disord Transfus 2.14 4.96Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy J Cancer Sci Ther 5.05 5.13Journal of Cell Science & Therapy J Cell Sci Ther 2.47 5.12Journal of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1.19 4.99Journal of Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis J Carcinogen Mutagen 4.84 5.28Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology J Chem Eng Process Technol 1.1 5.09Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology J Clin Exp Cardiolog 2.46 5.39Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology J Clin Cell Immunol 4.22 4.47Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics J Clin Res Bioeth 2.375 4.15Journal of Clinical & Experimental Dermatology J Clin Exp Dermatol Res 1.31 5.32Journal of Computer Science & Systems Biology J Comput Sci Syst Biol 3.11 5.84Journal of Cytology & Histology J Cytol Histol 1.13 4.43Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques J Chromat Separation Techniq 2.56 4.84Journal of Datamining in Genomics & Proteomics J Data Mining Genomics Proteomics 3 4.64Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism J Diabetes Metab 4.39 6.17Journal of Drug Metabolism & Toxicology J Drug Metab Toxicol 1.13 4.34Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change J Earth Sci Climate Change 0.625 -Journal of Food Processing & Technology J Food Process Technol 2.61 4.93Journal of Forensic Research J Forensic Res 0.18 4.55Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy J Genet Syndr Gene Ther 5.89 -Hydrology: Current Research Hydrol Curr Res 0.4 5.02Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis J Mol Biomark Diagn 3.05 4.39Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology J Microb Biochem Technol 2.673 5.61Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology J Neurol Neurophysiol 1.24 6.79Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology J Nanomed Nanotechnol 4.58 4.22Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics J Proteomics Bioinform 2.602 9.00Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta Pharmaceut Anal Acta 2.491 5.37Journal of Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics J Pharmacogenomics Pharmacoproteomics 1.55 4.76Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology J Petrol Environ Biotechnol 3.5 4.84Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology J Plant Pathol Microb 1.2 4.68Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science J Steroids Horm Sci 2.125 4.46Journal of Thermodynamics & Catalysis J Thermodynam Cat 1 -Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering J Tissue Sci Eng 2.18 4.93Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination J Vaccines Vaccin 1.565 6.31Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology J Vet Sci Technol 0.33 4.27Impact Factor Calculationtion:*Unofficial 2012 Impact Factor was established bydividing the number of times, articles published in 2010and 2011 were cited in 2012 based on asearch of the Google og Scholar Citation tio Index database, by the number of articles published in the previous two years (2010 and 2011).X = the number of times, articles published in 2010 and2011, were cited by indexed journals during 2012.Y= the total number of f“ “citable items” published by that journal li in 2010 and 2011. 12012 Impact Factor (IF) = X/Y(Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factor)Index Copernicus Value Calculation: http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/info.phpPage 5

Page 6

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASupporting JournalsPage 7

Journal of Vaccines & VaccinationISSN: 2157-7560A vaccine is a biological preparation intended to produce immunity to a disease by stimulating theproduction of antibodies. Vaccination is the administration of vaccines to develop adaptive immunity in anindividual against a disease. The Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination provides an Open Access platform thatemphasizes on the clinical effectiveness of new vaccines in treating various infectious diseases.http://omicsonline.org/jvvhome.phpEditors & Editorial BoardEditor-in-ChiefNikolai PetrovskyExecutive EditorDiane M HarperExecutive EditorNizar SouayahRobert J AmatoUniversity of TexasLarry W KwakUniversity of TexasScott McVeyUniversity ofFT FraunfelderCasey Eye InstituteArchana C, Creighton University, USAAnthony W Confer, Oklahoma State University, USAAvni Y Joshi, Mayo Clinic, USAPhilippe Krebs, The Scripps Research Institute, USAHoward L Kaufman, Rush University Medical Center, USAUsman HR, University of Alabama, USARobert S Duszak, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs MedicalCenter, USAMacaulay Onuigbo, Mayo Clinic, USAMarijane A Krohn, University of Pittsburgh, USAClaudia Gravekamp, Albert Einstein College of MedicineUSATrilochan Mukkur, Curtin University of Technology, AustraliaDe-chu Christopher Tang, University of Alabama, USAAlan Escher, Loma Linda University, USASherif Beniameen Mossad, Case Western ReserveUniversity, USAMichael R Shurin, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterUSAMaurizio Chiriva-Internati, Texas Tech University, USAAnthony G Brickner, University of Pittsburgh, USASaad B Omer, Emory University, USADouglas Scott Reed, University of Pittsburgh, USATonya J Webb, University of Maryland, USAStefanie Sarantopoulos,University of North Carolina, USAMarc A Jeuland, Duke University, USALewellys F Barker, Aeras Global TB Vaccine FoundationUSAYisong Wan, University of North Carolina, USAIoanna Skountzou, Emory University, USAAlwyn Rapose, University of Massachusetts, USAAlicia Solórzano, University of Maryland, USAXianfu Wu, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUSAOrly Vardeny, University of Wisconsin, USASang-Moo Kang, Emory University, USAMark R Schleiss, University of Minnesota, USAK Raviprakash, Naval Medical Research Center, USAZhao Lu, Cornell University, USAJustin Skoble, Aduro Biotech, USAAldar S Bourinbaiar, Immunitor USA Inc., USADaniel APollyea, Stanford University, USAEunha Shim, Yale University, USAGraham Simon, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UKHung Fu Tseng, Kaiser Permanente, USAJennie Johnstone, McMaster University, USAIsabel M Gimeno, North Carolina State University, USAZhengwu (James) Lu, Clinical Research Consultant, USAIgor M Belyakov, Midwest Research Institute, USANicholas Johnson, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UKHakami Ramin, George Mason University, USAMohamed L Elsaie, University of Miami, USAJoseph J Kishel, University of the Sciences in PhiladelphiaUSAUpcoming Special IssuesPneumonic Tularemia VaccinesMalarial VaccinesRecombinant-DNA-basedVaccineTumor Immunology VaccinesPneumococcal VaccinationDouglas Scott ReedDepartment of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, USATel.+1-412-648-9290K Barry WalkerImmunology and Cellular ImmunitySection Biotherapeutics Group, UKTel. +44-170-764-1473De-chu Christopher TangVice President andTel. +1-205-909-3738R John AmatoDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Health ScienceCenter, USATel. +1-832-325-6520Imohl MatthiasInstitute of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Hospital (RWTH), GermanyAntigen PreparationT Cell BiologyMeasles and Smallpox:Epidemiology and ImmunizationNew Approaches: Viral andInfectious DiseasesStatistical Approaches: Analysisof VaccinesToshi NagataDepartment of Health ScienceHamamatsu University School ofMedicine, JapanPhilippe KrebsDepartment of GeneticsScripps Research Institute, USARobert M JacobsonDepartment of Pediatric andAdolescent MedicineMayo Clinic, USAMacaulay OnuigbaCollege of MedicineMayo Clinic, USAZhao LuDepartment of Population Medicineand Diagnostic SciencesCornell University, USATel. +1-607-253-4086Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination- Open Access is using online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems of Editorial Manager® for quality and quick review processing.Submit your manuscript at: http://www.editorialmanager.com/pharma or mail to: editor.jvv@omicsonline.netOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPh: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417, Toll Free: +1-800-216-6499, E-mail: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 8

Journal of Clinical & Cellular ImmunologyEditors & Editorial BoardISSN: 2155-9899 http://omicsonline.org/jccihome.phpEditor-in-ChiefCharles J MalemudCase Western ReserveUniversity, USAExecutive EditorHaval ShirwanUniversity ofLouisville, USAExecutive EditorMark S KindyMedical University ofSouth Carolina, USAExecutive EditorAntonino CarboneCoordinator NationalTelepathologyNetwork, ItalyExecutive EditorJohn E ConnollySingaporeImmunology NetworkSingaporeCharles E EgwuaguNational Institutes ofHealth, USAFernando VillaltaMeharry MedicalCollege, USAKota V RamanaUniversity of TexasMedical Branch, USAMatthias von Herrath, University of California, USAMadhavan P N Nair, Florida International University, USAKalipada Pahan, Rush University, USAYousef Abu Kwaik, University of Louisville, USAW Martin Kast, University of Southern California, USADaniel Kaufman, University of California, USAJohn C Cambier, University of Colorado, USAPere Santamaria, University of Calgary, CanadaRobert A Murgita, McGill University, CanadaMasahiro Kihara, Kyoto University, JapanSatoshi Kamei, Nihon University, JapanAchim Temme, Technical University Dresden, GermanyNoah Isakov, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, IsraelLisbeth Berrueta, University of Los Andes, VenezuelaAnshu Agrawal, University of California, USAAzizul Haque, Medical University of South Carolina, USAJin Wang, Baylor College of Medicine, USAHong Wei Chu, University of Colorado Denver, USABing Su, Yale University, USAElliot Rosenstein, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USAKarsten Gronert, University of California, USAVincent K Tsiagbe, University of Medicine and Dentistry ofNew Jersey, USAHorea Rus, University of Maryland, USAAmr H Sawalha, University of Oklahoma, USACharles C Caldwell, University of Cincinnati, USASilva Markovic-Plese, University of North Carolina USADavid A Scott, University of Louisville, USAJosep Bassaganya-Riera, Virginia Bioinformatics InstituteUSARuben Rene Gonzalez-Perez, Morehouse School of MedicineUSAPooja Jain, Drexel University College of Medicine, USAMark Barton Frank, University of Oklahoma, USARadhey S Kaushik, South Dakota State University, USAAbdul Rahman Asif, Georg-August-University, GermanyVanessa Rivera Amill, Ponce School of Medicine, USAJagat R Kanwar, Deakin University, AustraliaJan Storek, University of Calgary, CanadaHerbert Strobl, Medical University of Vienna, AustriaEmanuela Signori, University Campus Bio-Medico ofRome, ItalyQingdi Quentin Li, National Institutes of Health, USAYongjun Sui, National Institutes of Health, USAPeter Burbelo, National Institutes of Health, USAJeffrey Chiang, National Institutes of Health, USADe’Broski R Herbert, Cincinnati Childrens ResearchFoundation, USAJian Fu, University of Texas, USAJessica M Jones, Georgetown University Medical CenterUSAJonghoon Kang, Valdosta State University, USAM Lucrecia Alvarez, Translational Genomics ResearchInstitute, USASantiago Partida-Sanchez, The Ohio State University, USAHarlan P Jones, University of North Texas, USAUpcoming Special IssuesCancer ImmunologyPrevention of Type 1 Diabetesby Regulation of the ImmuneSystemTransplantation ImmunologyInnate Response to InfectiousDiseasesSignal TransductionMechanisms in T LymphocytesHaval ShirwanDepartment of Microbiology andImmunologyUniversity of Louisville, USATel. +1-502-852-2066M Lucrecia AlvarezDiabetes, Cardiovascular & MetabolicDiseases Division TranslationalGenomics Research Institute, USATel. +1-480-287-4476Esma S YolcuDepartment of Microbiology andImmunologyUniversity of Louisville, USATel. +1-502-852-2078Anshu AgrawalDepartment of Medicine University ofCalifornia Irvine, USANoah IsakovThe Shraga Segal Department ofMicrobiology and ImmunologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevIsrael, Tel. +1-972-864-77267Clinical, Cellular and MolecularBiology of AutoimmuneDisordersCytokine Biology- Cytokinesat the Interface of Health andDiseaseMultiple SclerosisImmunotherapies andRheumatoid ArthritisAbdul Rahman AsifDepartment of Clinical ChemistryCentral LaboratoryGeorg-August University, GermanyTel. +49-551-3922945Joseph Larkin IIIDepartment of Microbiology andCell ScienceUniversity of Florida, USATel. +1-352-392-6884Kalipada PahanDepartment of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical Center, USATel. 312-563-3592Hongkuan FanNeurosciences Department MedicalUniversity of South Carolina, USATel. +1-843-792-9757Kota V RamanaDepartment of Biochemistry &Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchUSATel. +1-409-772-3776Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology- Open Access is using online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems of Editorial Manager® for quality and quick reviewprocessing. Submit your manuscript at: http://www.editorialmanager.com/clinicalgroup or by mail to editor.jcci@omicsonline.comOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPh: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417, Toll Free: +1-800-216-6499, E-mail: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 9

Page 10

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAUpcoming ConferencesPage 11

OMICS Group Upcoming ConferencesPharmaceutical/Chemistry2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Biowaivers & BiosimilarsSeptember 23-25, 2013 Hilton Raleigh-Durham Airport at RTP, NC, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition on Biochemical & Molecular EngineeringOctober 07-09, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Airport, TX, USA2 nd International Conference on Medicinal Chemistry & Computer Aided Drug DesigningOctober 15-17, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA4 th International Conference and Exhibition on Analytical & Bioanalytical TechniquesOctober 15-17, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA3 rd International Conference on Pharmaceutical Regulatory AffairsOctober 21-23, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel San Francisco Airport, CA, USAInternational Conference & Exhibition on Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & Natural ProductsOctober 21-23, 2013 Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel, Hyderabad, India2 nd International Summit on GMP, GCP & Quality ControlNovember 12-14, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Chicago-North Shore, IL, USAInternational Summit on Clinical Pharmacy & DispensingNovember 18-20, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Airport, TX, USAWorld Congress on Petrochemistry and Chemical EngineeringNovember 18-20, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Airport, TX, USAMedical Sciences2 nd International Conference on Translational MedicineAugust 05-07, 2013 Holiday Inn Chicago-Northshore, IL, USAInternational Conference onPredictive, Preventive, Personalized Medicine & Molecular DiagnosticsAugust 05-07, 2013 Holiday Inn Chicago-Northshore, IL, USA4 th World Congress on Diabetes & MetabolismAugust 14-16, 2013 Holiday Inn Chicago-Northshore, IL, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Orthopedics & RheumatologyAugust 19-21, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAWorld Congress on EndocrinologyAugust 26-28, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton, Raleigh, NC, USA2 nd International Conference on Tissue Science & Regenerative MedicineAugust 26-28, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton, Raleigh, NC, USA2 nd International Conference on Surgery & AnesthesiaSeptember 16-18, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USAInternational Conference on Hematology & Blood DisordersSeptember 23-25, 2013 Hilton Raleigh-Durham Airport at RTP, NC, USAInternational Conference on Psychology, Autism and Alzheimer's DiseaseSeptember 30-October 01, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Airport, TX, USA2 nd International Summit on ToxicologyOctober 07-09, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA3 rd World Congress on Cancer Science & TherapyOctober 21-23, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel San Francisco Airport, CA, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene TherapyOctober 23-25, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USAInternational Conference on HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIsOctober 24-25, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Cosmetology & TrichologyNovember 12-14, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Chicago-North Shore, IL, USA3 rd World Congress on VirologyNovember 20-22, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Baltimore-BWI Airport, MD, USA3 rd International Conference on Cell Science & Stem Cell ResearchNovember 20-22, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Baltimore-BWI Airport, MD, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Obesity & Weight ManagementDecember 02-04, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition on Traditional & Alternative MedicineDecember 09-11, 2013 Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel, Hyderabad, IndiaClinicalInternational Conference on Dental & Oral Health CareAugust 19-21, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition on Physical Medicine & RehabilitationAugust 19-21, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA2 nd International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial GenomicsSeptember 16-18, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA2 nd International Conference on Clinical & Cellular ImmunologyOctober 15-17, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USAInternational Conference on Nursing & Emergency MedicineDecember 02-04, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USAEngineering & Applied SciencesInternational Conference on Radiology & ImagingAugust 14-16, 2013 Holiday Inn Chicago-Northshore, IL, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition on Mechanical & Aerospace EngineeringSeptember 30-October 02, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Airport, TX, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition on Lasers, Optics & PhotonicsOctober 07-09, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Airport, TX, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Materials Science & EngineeringOctober 07-09, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA2 nd International Conference on Forensic Research & TechnologyOctober 07-09, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA3 rd International Conference on Nanotek & ExpoDecember 02-04, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USALife Sciences & Environmental2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on PathologyAugust 05-07, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAInternational Conference on Integrative Biology SummitAugust 05-07, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA2 nd International Conference on Biodiversity & Sustainable Energy DevelopmentAugust 12-14, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton, Raleigh, NC, USAInternational Conference on Genetic Engineering & Genetically Modified OrganismsAugust 12-14, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton, Raleigh, NC, USAInternational Conference on Epidemiology and Evolutionary GeneticsAugust 21-23, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USAInternational Conference on OceanographyAugust 21-23, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USA2 nd International Conference on Biodefense & Natural DisastersAugust 21-23, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USA2 nd International Conference on Hydrology & Groundwater ExpoAugust 26-27, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton, Raleigh, NC, USAInternational Symposia on EntomologySeptember 04-06, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USA4 th World Congress on BiotechnologySeptember 23-25, 2013 Hilton Raleigh-Durham Airport at RTP, NC, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Probiotics & Functional FoodsOctober 23-25, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Food Processing & TechnologyOctober 28-30, 2013 Kansas City Marriott Country Club Plaza, USAInternational Conference on Fermentation Technology, Bioprocess & Cell CultureOctober 28-30, 2013 Kansas City Marriott Country Club Plaza, USAInternational Congress on Bacteriology & Infectious DiseasesNovember 20-22, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Baltimore-BWI Airport, MD, USA2 nd International Conference on Agricultural & Horticultural SciencesFebruary 03-05, 2014 Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel, Hyderabad, IndiaOmicsInternational Conference on Omics StudiesSeptember 04-06, 2013 Holiday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USAInternational Conference on Functional and Comparative Genomics & PharmacogenomicsNovember 12-14, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Chicago-North Shore, IL, USAOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPh: +1-888-843-8169Fax: +1-650-618-1417omicsonline@omicsonline.comOMICS Publishing Group5716 Corsa Ave., Suite 110, WestlakeLos Angeles, CA 91362-7354, USAPh: +1-650-268-9744Fax: +1-650-618-1414omicsonline@omicsonline.orgOMICS GroupSEZ Unit, Building No. 20, 9th FloorAPIIC Layout, HITEC CityHyderabad-500081, AP, INDIAPh: 040-40131823, 040-47482222omicsgroup@omicsgroup.orgToll freeUSA & Canada: 1-800-216-6499Australia: 1-800-651-097Europe: 0805-080048Page 12

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARelevant ConferencesPage 13

September2 nd International Conference onClinical Microbiology-2013132 nd OMICS Group ConferenceClinical Microbiology & Microbial GenomicsHampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA September 16-18, 2013Theme: “To Encompass Emerging Trends in Clinical Microbiology”OMICS Group is proud to announce 2 nd International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics which is going to beheld in Las Vegas, USA during September 16-18, 2013. The event will focus in particular on microbial infections, toxins, novel diagnosticsand treatment in the field of Clinical Microbiology. This event will provide an unique platform for clinical scientists, young researchers, andconsultants in clinical and medical microbiology to exchange current information, emphasize on the molecular basis of microbial infection,host-pathogenic interactions and control of microbial contamination. Clinical Microbiology-2013 designed with multiple sessions includesscientific lectures, oral contributions, plenary meetings and parallel sessions with eminent scientists, poster sessions, workshops, spotlightpresentations, case studies, industry updates and instruments/manufacturers exhibition.www.omicsgroup.com/conferences/clinicalmicrobiology-2013Scientific TracksTrack 1: Novel Insights into Clinical MicrobiologyTrack 1-1 Broad spectrum antibiotics and current developmentTrack 1-2 Liver infections: Diagnosis of hepatitis and controlTrack 1-3 Gastrointestinal and urinary tract infectionsTrack 1-4 Septic arthritis and osteomyelitisTrack 1-5 Sexually transmitted infectionsTrack 1-6 Clinical parasitologyTrack 1-7 Fungal infections and anti-fungal therapeuticsTrack 1-8 Antiviral drugs and viral resistanceTrack 1-9 Microbial food poisoning and therapeuticsTrack 2: Microbiology- Current ResearchTrack 2-1 Advancements in pharmaceutical microbiologyTrack 2-2 Applied and environmental microbiologyTrack 2-3 Microbial metabolism and geneticsTrack 2-4 Food microbiology and safetyTrack 2-5 Hematological malignanciesTrack 2-6 Nanopatches and nanovaccinationTrack 3: Antimicrobials and DisinfectantsTrack 3-1 Bacteriocins and their significanceTrack 3-2 Microbial resistance and surveillance to disinfectantsTrack 3-3 Clinical disinfectantsTrack 3-4 Anti-microbial coatingsTrack 3-5 Plasmids and bacterial resistance to biocidsTrack 3-6 Quaternary ammonium compounds against bacteriaTrack 3-7 Natural vs. synthetic antimicrobialsTrack 4: Infection Control and ImmunityTrack 4-1 Host pathogen interactionsTrack 4-2 Immune mechanism in microbial infectionsTrack 4-3 Immunity: Response, evasion, and toleranceTrack 4-4 Immune mechanisms in pediatrics and geriatricsTrack 4-5 Tuberculosis and its controlTrack 4-6 Travel medicine, tropical and parasitic diseasesTrack 5: Clinical Infectious DiseasesTrack 5-1 Infection in the immune compromised host and transplant recepientsTrack 5-2 Community-acquired infections including CAP, sepsisTrack 5-3 Pediatric infectionsTrack 5-4 Lyme borreliosis, and toxoplasmosisTrack 5-5 Contributions of imaging techniques in hydatidosisTrack 5-6 Bacterial and fungal skin infectionsTrack 5-7 Diabetic foot infectionsTrack 5-8 Case studies in clinical microbiologyTrack 6: Tools and Diagnostics in Clinical MicrobiologyTrack 6-1 Recent trends in detection of microbial toxinsTrack 6-2 Clinical epidemiology and case studiesTrack 6-3 Biomarker tools in microbial diagnosisTrack 6-4 Nanotechnology in microbial and viral detectionTrack 6-5 Methods for antibacterial susceptibility testingTrack 6-6 Bacterial biochemical physiologyTrack 6-7 Pathogenesis and modern control methodologiesTrack 7: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology and Current ResearchTrack 7-1 Zoonoses and controlTrack 7-2 Madcow diseaseTrack 7-3 MycobacteriosisTrack 7-4 Monkey pox virusTrack 7-5 Sheep, goatpox and swineflu virusesTrack 7-6 Veterinary pathologyTrack 8: Infectious Diseases and Public HealthTrack 8-1 Vector-borne zoonoses: Chagas diseases and malariaTrack 8-2 Infections arboviruses: Yellow fever and dengueTrack 8-3 Public health and community-acquired infectionsTrack 8-4 Emerging infectious diseasesTrack 8-5 Disaster management and preventive medicineTrack 8-6 Tropical infections: DracunculiasisTrack 9: Current Research in Medical MicrobiologyTrack 9-1 Antiretroviral therapy and current research on HIV/AIDSTrack 9-2 Rabies and genome researchTrack 9-3 Eradication of polio: VaccinationTrack 9-4 Clinical importance of probioticsTrack 10: Microbial Genomics and Cellular MicrobiologyTrack 10-1 Bioinformatics: Sequence and genome analysisTrack 10-2 Microbial functional genomicsTrack 10-3 Microarray expression analysisTrack 10-4 Single cell genomics and proteomicsTrack 10-5 MetagenomicsTrack 10-6 Comparitive genomicsTrack 10-7 Microbial evolution and phylogeneticsTrack 10-8 Microbial geneticsTrack 10-9 Genome evolution and environmental genomicsTrack 11: Vaccines against Infectious DiseasesTrack 11-1 Vaccines against parasite infectionsTrack 11-2 Antiviral and antibacterial vaccinesTrack 11-3 Biodefense vaccines: The filovirus experienceTrack 11-4 Plant and animal based vaccinesTrack 11-5 Rotavirus vaccinesTrack 11-6 Pneumococcal vaccinesTrack 11-7 Emerging and re-emerging infectious disease vaccinesTrack 11-8 Food safety vaccines, glyco-conjugate vaccinesTrack 11-9 Challenges in pediatric vaccinationTrack 12: Microbial and Biochemical TechnologyTrack 12-1 Industrial microbiologyTrack 12-2 Applications of biotechnology for bio-based ProductsTrack 12-3 Microbial engineering for production of chemicals and pharmaceuticalsTrack 12-4 Industrial biochemical engineeringTrack 12-5 New approaches to enzyme and microbial technologyTrack 12-6 Bacterial bioremediationTrack 12-7 Biotechnology and liquid biofuel productionSymposiumClinical Microbiology-2012 ReportThe International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics was held on November12-14, 2012 in San Antonio, USA. Clinical Microbiology-2012 created new ideas, innovative approaches, andadvanced technologies in the fi eld of Microbiology with the theme “Exploring New Territories to Fight MicrobialResistance”. All accepted abstracts have been indexed in Journal of Clinical Microbiology as a special issue.With the huge response received from scientifi c fraternity, renowned personalities and Editorial BoardMembers of OMICS Group across the world, we would like to announce “2 nd International Conference onClinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics” to be held in Las Vegas, USA on September 16-18, 2013.Page 14

Clinical Microbiology-2013OMICS Group is organizing Clinical Microbiology-2013 with the overwhelming support from more than 200 Editorial BoardMembers of related journals, that includes Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, Journal of Medical Microbiology &Diagnosis, and Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology.Organizing Committee MembersAmin FadlAssistant ProfessorDepartment of MicrobiologyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonUSAIdress Hamad AttitallaProfessorDepartment of MicrobiologyOmar Al-Mukhatr UniversityLibyaNancy KhardoriProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineEastern Virginia Medical SchoolUSAMiroslav PruchaAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Clinical ImmunologyNa Homolce HospitalCzech RepublicReha Onur AzizogluSenior ScientistNorth Carolina State UniversityUSAV DuraipandiyanAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Botany and MicrobiologyKing Saud UniversitySaudi ArabiaZewei MiaoResearch Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Agricultural and BiologicalEngineeringUniversity of IllinoisUSAVijay NemaResearch ScientistNational AIDS Research InstituteIndiaMadhavan P N NairProfessor and Founding ChairDept of ImmunologyFlorida International UniversityUSAS Karutha PandianProfessor & HeadDepartment of BiotechnologyAlagappa UniversityIndiaArvind MahajanDirector ResearchLohmann Animal Health GmbHResearch Centre HannoverGermanyJean-Pierre GorvelResearch DirectorCentre d’Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyFranceK BalamuruganAssociate ProfessorDepartment of BiotechnologyAlagappa UniversityIndiaGadi BorkowChief Medical ScientistCupron Scientifi cIsraelSeptemberAlexander G ChuchalinDirector of Pulmonology Research InstituteDepartment of Hospital TherapyFederal State InstitutionRussiaCong LiuProfessorWest China Women’s & Children’s HospitalSichuan UniversityChinaEzera AgwuDean of FacultyDivision of Medical Microbiology Parasitologyand ImmunologyKampala International UniversityUgandaZhang JianzhongChiefDepartment of Communicable DiseaseDiagnostics(DCDD)Chinese Center for Disease Control & PreventionChinaEditorsJournal of Microbial & Biochemical TechnologyJournal of Medical Microbiology & DiagnosisJournal of Plant Pathology & MicrobiologyJoin your Peers @ Clinical Microbiology-2013• Are you interested in organizing a track?• Organizing a small symposium at this venue?• Organizing a small workshop at this conference?• Deliver a speech?• Present a poster/oral presentation?• Sponsor the event?• Exhibit at the event?• Participate in B2B meeting?Conference VenueHampton Inn Tropicana4975 Dean Martin Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89118, USAPlease contact: clinicalmicrobiology2013@omicsgroup.comwww.omicsgroup.com/conferences/clinicalmicrobiology-2013Hosting OrganizationOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPhone: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417Toll Free: +1-800-216-6499Email: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 15

October2 nd International Conference onImmunology Summit-2013143 rd OMICS Group ConferenceClinical & Cellular ImmunologyTheme: “Disseminating the New Trends in Immunology”2 nd International Conference on Clinical and Cellular Immunology serves as a unique platform for scientists in the area of Immunology.This conference aims to bring together immunologists, academic scientists, industry researchers and scholars to exchange and sharetheir experiences and research results about all aspects of immunology research, and discuss the practical challenges encountered andthe solutions adopted. Immunology Summit-2013, a three day event consists of a scientifi c program of comprehensive talks, specialsessions, oral and poster presentations of peer-reviewed contributed papers.www.omicsgroup.com/conferences/clinical-cellular-immunology-2013Scientific TracksTrack 1: Molecular and Cellular ImmunologyTrack 1-1 Infection, allergies and immune responseTrack 1-2 Chemical signals and pathways in immune systemTrack 1-3 Veterinary immunologyTrack 1-4 Defense mechanisms: Molecular and functional aspectsTrack 1-5 Clinical immunomicsTrack 1-6 Innate immunity, metabolism, and immunologyTrack 1-7 Platelet immunologyTrack 1-8 Immuno-informaticsTrack 2: Innate and Adaptive Immune SystemTrack 2-1 Molecular pathways for human natural killer cellsTrack 2-2 Structural and functional parameters of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)Track 2-3 Selective control mechanisms of AMPsTrack 2-4 Innate-adaptive interactionsTrack 2-5 Approaches to study innate immunityTrack 2-6 Advancing against asthmaTrack 3: Inflammatory/Autoimmune DiseasesTrack 3-1 Organ-specific autoimmune disordersTrack 3-2 Major histocompatibility complex classesTrack 3-3 Role of Th17 cells and their importanceTrack 3-4 Gastro intestinal autoimmunity, skin and autoimmunityTrack 3-5 Systemic lupus erythematosusTrack 3-6 Immune responses in arthritisTrack 3-7 Infection and autoimmunity, and metabolic disordersTrack 3-8 Multiple sclerosis, and mislenious autoimmune diseasesTrack 3-9 Inflammatory bowel diseaseTrack 4: Immunomodulation and ImmunotherapyTrack 4-1 Stem cell therapyTrack 4-2 Alternative targets for immunointerventionTrack 4-3 Clinical strategies to induce transplantation toleranceTrack 4-4 Immunomodulation and drug discoveryTrack 4-5 Stem cell therapy, and soluble mediators and signalingTrack 4-6 Induced immunosuppression therapy and cellular mechanismsTrack 4-7 Immunotherapies and rheumatoid arthritisTrack 5: Immunology of Major DiseasesTrack 5-1 HepatitisTrack 5-2 TuberculosisTrack 5-3 InfluenzaTrack 5-4 HIV/AIDSTrack 5-5 MalariaTrack 5-6 Human papilloma virusTrack 5-7 DiabetesTrack 6: Cancer ImmunologyTrack 6-1 Tumorigenesis and tumor suppression or cancer immune preventionTrack 6-2 Epithelial stem cell cancerTrack 6-3 Interplay of cancer stem cells and metastasisTrack 6-4 Advances in imaging and detection of cancer stem cells and metastatic precursorsTrack 6-5 Model studies for hematopoietic microenvironmentsTrack 6-6 Genetic and epigenetic regulation of cancer cellsTrack 6-7 Cancer surveillance : Metastasis and cancer therapyTrack 6-8 Apoptosis and current researchTrack 7: Vaccines in Immunology: New Insights and DevelopmentTrack 7-1 Recombinant vaccines and immunotherapeuticsTrack 7-2 Cancer vaccinesTrack 7-3 Bacterial and viral vaccinesTrack 7-4 HIV vaccinesTrack 7-5 T-Cell vaccinesTrack 7-6 Synthetic vaccines, and contraceptive vaccinesTrack 7-7 Vaccine safetyTrack 7-8 Anti-inflammatory drugs and antiretroviral therapyTrack 8: Emerging Issues in Immunology and Reproductive ImmunologyTrack 8-1 OsteoimmunologyTrack 8-2 Nano-medicine immunologyHampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA October 15-17, 2013Track 8-3 Mucosal immunology and translational immunologyTrack 8-4 Autophagy in immune regulationTrack 8-5 Immune tolerance in pregnancyTrack 8-6 Testicular immunologyTrack 8-7 ImmunocontraceptionTrack 9: Biomarkers and Techniques in ImmunologyTrack 9-1 RISET biomarkersTrack 9-2 ITN biomarkersTrack 9-3 Hybridoma technologyTrack 9-4 Assays for immunologyTrack 9-5 Immunophenotyping: Flow cytometry and immunoelectrophoresisTrack 9-6 Biomarkers and immune-modulating therapiesTrack 9-7 ITN biomarkers, and immunological biomarkers of tuberculosisTrack 10: Transplantation: Immune SystemTrack 10-1 Immune system regulationTrack 10-2 Transplantational immunologyTrack 10-3 Immune rejection: Novel therapeutic targetsTrack 10-4 Transplantation: Genetics and HLA systemTrack 10-5 Prolonging graft survival: Immunosuppressive drugs and researchTrack 10-6 Molecular signatures of tolerance : Islet transplantationTrack 10-7 Memory T cell responsesTrack 11: Immunology: Ethical DimensionTrack 11-1 Ethical issues in immunology: Alternatives to animalsTrack 11-2 Importance of the use of animals in immunological research and drug developmentTrack 11-3 Other moral issues in immunological researchTrack 11-4 Current legislation on clinical research trialsTrack 11-5 Medical and comparative ethicsTrack 12: NeuroimmunologyTrack 12-1 Neuroimmunological disordersTrack 12-2 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitisTrack 12-3 Multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and transverse myelitisTrack 12-4 Neurodegenerative disordersTrack 12-5 Neurodevelopmental disordersTrack 12-6 Neural stem cell fateTrack 12-7 Epigenetics of neuroimmunologyTrack 12-8 Cell death and immunityTrack 13: Cytokine BiologyTrack 13-1 Therapeutic applications of cytokines and chemokinesTrack 13-2 Cytokines and metabolismTrack 13-3 Cytokines in health and diseaseTrack 13-4 Mucosal homeostasis and inflammationTrack 13-5 The interferons, growth factors, and TNF familyTrack 13-6 Hematopoietic growth factorsTrack 13-7 Interleukins: TIR-receptor familiesTrack 13-8 Recently discovered cytokinesTrack 13-9 Common cytokine receptor gamma-chain cytokine familyTrack 14: Allergy and ImmunologyTrack 14-1 Pediatric allergy and current researchTrack 14-2 Food allergy: Allergens and environmental factorsTrack 14-3 Genetic basisTrack 14-4 Diagnosis and pathophysiologyTrack 15: Immunodeficiency: Current researchTrack 15-1 Molecular aspects of primary immunodeficiencyTrack 15-2 Autoimmunity in primary immunodeficiencyTrack 15-3 Humoral immune deficiencyTrack 15-4 T cell deficiency, differentiation and plasticityTrack 15-5 Complement deficiencyTrack 15-6 Neutropenia and aspleniaTrack 16: Antibiotics and InnovationTrack 16-1 Antibiotics and immune systemTrack 16-2 Infectious diseases and MedicineTrack 16-3 Immuno suppressive drugsTrack 16-4 Immune rejectionImmunology-2012 ReportThe International Conference on Clinical & Cellular Immunology organized by OMICS Group was heldin Chicago-Northshore, USA on October 22-24, 2012. We are thankful to all the members of associatedjournals, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Journal of Cytology& Histology for their generous support.With this huge response received from scientifi c fraternity, renowned personalities and delegatesfrom across the world, we would like to announce the “2 nd International Conference on Clinical and CellularImmunology” to be held during October 15-17, 2013 in Las Vegas, USA.Page 16

Immunology Summit-2013OMICS Group is organizing Immunology Summit-2013 with the overwhelming support from more than 200 Editorial BoardMembers of related journals, that includes Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, and Journal ofVaccines & Vaccination.Organizing Committee MembersCharles J MalemudProfessorMedicine and AnatomyCase Western Reserve University School ofMedicineUSAMadhavan P N NairProfessor & Chair of ImmunologyCollege of MedicineFlorida International UniversityUSATel: 305-348-1493Fax: 305-348-6021Jianfei YangSenior ScientistTempero PharmaceuticalsUSATel: 671-374-8830, Ex: 316Fax: 617-374-8839Narasaiah KolliputiAssistant ProfessorUniversity of South FloridaUSADeepak ShuklaProfessorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUSATel: 312-355-0908Kenneth K. WuDistinguished InvestigatorPresident and Acting DirectorInstitute of Cellular and Systems MedicineTaiwanMaurizio Chiriva-InternatiDirector of Basic Research/Translational ResearchProgramDivision of Hematology/OncologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterUSATel: 806-743-3155Fax: 806-743-3148Jeffrey IsenbergAssociate Professor of MedicinePulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineUSATel: 412-383-5424Fax: 412-648-3046Timothy B. NiewoldAssociate ProfessorMayo ClinicDivision of Rheumatology and Department ofImmunologyChair, Federation of Clinical Immunology SocietiesCenters of ExcellenceUSAKaihong SuAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterUSAEdmond J YunisProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolUSAEsma S YolcuInstitute for Cellular TherapeuticsUniversity of LouisvilleUSAJagat R KanwarAssociate ProfessorLaboratory of IMBRDeakin UniversityAustraliaTel: 61-3-522-71148Fax: 61-3-522-72539Patrick NelsonExecutive EditorDepartment of Computational Medicine andBioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganUSAKota. V RamanaProfessorDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchUSAXiao-Qing WeiDental SchoolCardiff UniversityUKOctoberEvent PartnersEditorsJournal of Clinical & Cellular ImmunologyJournal of Allergy & TherapyJournal of Vaccines & VaccinationJoin your Peers @ Immunology Summit-2013• Are you interested in organizing a track?• Organizing a small symposium at this venue?• Organizing a small workshop at this conference?• Deliver a speech?• Present a poster/oral presentation?• Sponsor the event?• Exhibit at the event?• Participate in B2B meeting?Conference VenueHampton Inn Tropicana4975 Dean Martin Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89118, USAPlease contact: immunologysummit2013@omicsgroup.comwww.omicsgroup.com/conferences/clinical-cellular-immunology-2013Hosting OrganizationOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPhone: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417Toll Free: +1-800-216-6499Email: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 17

October2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onProbiotics-2013150 th OMICS Group ConferenceProbiotics & Functional FoodsHoliday Inn Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL, USA October 23-25, 2013Theme: “Promoting Better Health by Probiotics & Functional Foods”2 nd International Conference and Exhibition on Probiotics & Functional Foods aims to bring together academic scientists, leadingengineers, industry researchers and scholar students to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspectsof Probiotics & Functional Foods, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted for better health.www.omicsgroup.com/conferences/probiotics-functional-foods-2013Track 1: Introduction to ProbioticsTrack 1-1 Probiotics, prebiotics and symbioticsTrack 1-2 Microbes as probiotics- Lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, yeast, Escherichia coliTrack 1-3 Probiotics as foodTrack 1-4 Nutritional properties of probioticsTrack 1-5 Popular probiotic foods and beveragesTrack 1-6 Recombinant, designer and eco probioticsTrack 1-7 Clinical research on probioticsTrack 2: Probiotics Economy and BusinessTrack 2-1 Probiotic product retail managementTrack 2-2 Probiotic product marketingTrack 2-3 New technologies in probiotic and food productionTrack 2-4 Advances in QC and QA in probiotic productionTrack 2-5 Consumer awareness of probiotic productsTrack 2-6 Cost effective probiotic products for consumersTrack 2-7 Risk management in probiotics businessTrack 3: Current Research and Future Perspectives on ProbioticsTrack 3-1 Production of probiotic supplementsTrack 3-2 Oral vaccine developmentsTrack 3-3 Biomarker efficacy and clinical research on probioticsTrack 3-4 Antioxidant properties of probioticsTrack 3-5 Genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics in probiotics developmentTrack 3-6 Interactions of probiotics with enzymesTrack 3-7 Nutrition, immunology, and genetics future perspectivesTrack 4: Probiotics Role in Control of DiseasesTrack 4-1 Human host-microbiome interactions in health and diseaseTrack 4-2 Microbial diversity and functionality in health and diseaseTrack 4-3 Probiotics and atherosclerosis- A new challengeTrack 4-4 Obesity metabolic syndrome and the human microbiomeTrack 4-5 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)Track 4-6 Gastrointestinal diseaseTrack 5: GastroenterologyTrack 5-1 Gut microbiologyTrack 5-2 Microbiome of the GIT and healthy ageingTrack 5-3 Models to study intestinal interactionsTrack 5-4 Modulation of the intestinal micro-floraTrack 5-5 Intestinal “omics”Track 5-6 Molecular techniques for the exploration of microbial gut communitiesTrack 5-7 Immunoregulatory action on gut wallTrack 5-8 Stimulation of the intestinal immune systemTrack 5-9 Mucosal health and integrityTrack 5-10 Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human digestive tractTrack 6: Microbial PathogenesisTrack 6-1 Immunology of infectious diseasesTrack 6-2 Biological transformationsTrack 6-3 Quorum sensing and quorum quenchingTrack 6-4 Nosocomial pneumoniaTrack 6-5 Antibiotic resistance, antibiotic and intestinal microbiota: A role of probiotics?Scientific TracksTrack 7: Health Benefits of ProbioticsTrack 7-1 Elimination of lactose intoleranceTrack 7-2 Antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic propertiesTrack 7-3 Antihypertensive and hypocholesterolemic propertiesTrack 7-4 Immunomodulatory and anti-diarrheal propertiesTrack 7-5 Nutritional benefits of fermented foodsTrack 7-6 Probiotics- Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status and safety concernsTrack 7-7 Probiotic food and cancer, cancer chemotherapy and radiation-induced diarrheaand probioticsTrack 8: Applications of ProbioticsTrack 8-1 Probiotics as complementary and alternative medicineTrack 8-2 Nutritional and medical benefitsTrack 8-3 Probiotics in immune systemTrack 8-4 Probiotics in women’s and children’s healthTrack 8-5 Obesity, type II diabetes and probioticsTrack 8-6 Oral cavity and probioticsTrack 8-7 Probiotics as bio-therapeutic agentsTrack 8-8 Biofilms and probioticsTrack 8-9 Probioceuticals and bacteriocinsTrack 8-10 Hormones and probioticsTrack 8-11 Safety assessment of probiotics for human useTrack 9: Food TechnologyTrack 9-1 Food science and technologyTrack 9-2 Food microbial populations- Identification and characterization of novel strainsTrack 9-3 Rapid identification for food borne pathogensTrack 9-4 Food engineeringTrack 9-5 Probiotic foods and beveragesTrack 9-6 Vitamins, minerals and nutritional supplementsTrack 9-7 Food poisoningTrack 9-8 Single cell protein (SCP)Track 9-9 Non-dairy probiotic productsTrack 10: Dairy TechnologyTrack 10-1 Dairy technology in probiotic productsTrack 10-2 Microbial metabolism of dairy componentsTrack 10-3 PasteurizationTrack 10-4 Probiotic yogurt and dairy productsTrack 11: Microbial FermentationTrack 11-1 Microbial selection and processing criteria for production of probioticsTrack 11-2 Microbial metabolism and fermentation processTrack 11-3 Industrial enzymology and microbial screeningTrack 11-4 Microbial biochemistry and biotechnologyTrack 11-5 Nano-biotechnology for fermentation applicationsTrack 11-6 Biochemical engineeringTrack 12: Probiotics in Aquaculture PracticesTrack 12-1 Future perspectives of probiotics in aquacultureTrack 12-2 Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquacultureTrack 12-3 Ecological aquacultureTrack 12-4 Applications of probiotics in aquacultureProbiotics-2012 ReportThe International Conference and Exhibition on Probiotics was held during November 19-21, 2012 inSan Antonio, USA. Generous response and active participation received from the Organizing Committee &Editorial Board Members of OMICS Group Journals as well as from scientists, researchers and leaders fromgovernment organizations, and students made this conference a big success.Probiotics-2012 included exhaustive “Student Poster Award” and “Young Scientist Challenge Trophy”competitions participated by young researchers and veterans.All accepted abstracts have been indexed in OMICS Group Journal of Food Processing & Technologyas a special issue.Following on the heels of this successful event, OMICS Group would like to announce the “2 nd InternationalConference and Exhibition on Probiotics & Funtional Foods” to be held during October 23-25, 2013 in Florida, USA.Page 18

Probiotics-2013OMICS Group is organizing Probiotics-2013 with the overwhelming support from more than 200 Editorial Board Members ofrelated journals, that includes Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, and Journal ofGastrointestinal & Digestive System.Organizing Committee MembersS K DashDepartment of Health and Nutritional SciencesCollege of Education and Human SciencesSouth Dakota State UniversityUSATel: 952-935-1707Min-Tze LiongBioprocess Technology DivisionSchool of Industrial TechnologyUniversiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysiaTel: 604-653-2114Wilhelm HolzapfelPresidentInternational Committee on Food Microbiologyand Hygiene (ICFMH)School of Life SciencesHandong Global UniversitySouth KoreaTel: 82-54-260-1314Gregory LeyerDirector-ConsumerHealthcare/PharmaDuPont Nutrition & HealthUSATel: 608-395-2689Shinji FukudaAssociate ProfessorInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesKeio UniversityJapanTel: 81-235-29-0528Dilek HeperkanProfessorIstanbul Technical UniversityFaculty of Chemical and MetallurgicalEngineeringDepartment of Food EngineeringTurkeyTel: 90-212-285-6041Susana Marta Isay SaadAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Sao PauloFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Biochemical andPharmaceutical TechnologySao PauloBrazilConference HighlightsProbiotic Certification ProgramAwarded by South Dakota State University, USAStudent Poster Award CompetitionSponsored by ICFMHYoung Scientist Challenge TrophySponsored by B-CrobesLiubov SichelManaging DirectorLytic Enzymes, LLCUSATel: 303-530-7761Gabriela RiscutaProgram DirectorNutritional Science Research GroupDivision of Cancer PreventionNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthHealth and Human ServicesUSAFranco VicariottoFounderItalian Society of Phytotherapy & Supplementsin Obstetrics and GynecologySpecialist in Obstetrics and GynocologyUniversity of MilanItalyTel: 022-900-8038Svetoslav TodorovVisiting ProfessorPharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloBrazilIryna SorokulovaProfessorCollege of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityUSATel: 334-844-5307Byong H LeeDistinguished ProfessorSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityChinaA N MutukumiraSenior LecturerInstitute of Food Nutrition and Human HealthMassey UniversityNew ZealandTel: 0064-21111-35609Sponsors/ExhibitorsOctoberEditorsJournal of Nutrition & Food SciencesJournal of Microbial & Biochemical TechnologyJournal of Gastrointestinal & Digestive SystemJoin your Peers @ Probiotics-2013• Are you interested in organizing a track?• Organizing a small symposium at this venue?• Organizing a small workshop at this conference?• Deliver a speech?• Present a poster/oral presentation?• Sponsor the event?• Exhibit at the event?• Participate in B2B meeting?Conference VenueHoliday Inn Orlando International Airport5750 T.G. Lee Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32822, USAPlease contact: probiotics2013@omicsgroup.comwww.omicsgroup.com/conferences/probiotics-functional-foods-2013Hosting OrganizationOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPhone: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417Toll Free: +1-800-216-6499Email: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 19

November3 rd World Congress onVirologyTheme: “Exploring Novel Approaches in Virology”3 rd World Congress on Virology serves as a meeting ground for scientists in the broad areas of viral infections, preventive andtherapeutic modalities. This conference aims to bring together academic scientists, leading engineers, industry researchers and scholarstudents to exchange and share their experiences, research results about all aspects of virology and viral diseases, and discuss thepractical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.www.omicsgroup.com/conferences/virology-2013Scientific TracksTrack 1: Modern Approaches in Viral ScienceTrack 1-1 General viral scienceTrack 1-2 Viral genetics and transmissionTrack 1-3 Genomics and proteomics of virusesTrack 1-4 Viral replication mechanismsTrack 2: Viral Breakout Prevention and MeasuresTrack 2-1 New strategies for anti-viral agentsTrack 2-2 Viral threat breakout, prediction, and measuresTrack 2-3 Epidemiology of emerging virusesTrack 2-4 Prevention and measures to curb viral breakoutsTrack 2-5 Viral evolutionTrack 3: Human Viral Diseases Affecting Afro-Asian ContinentsTrack 3-1 Human papilloma virusTrack 3-2 RabiesTrack 3-3 RubellaTrack 3-4 Mumps and measlesTrack 3-5 Japanese encephalitisTrack 3-6 RotavirusTrack 3-7 Hand, foot and mouth diseasesTrack 3-8 Combating viral diseases in Afro-Asian continentsTrack 4: HIV and other Retroviral Diseases Affecting Afro-Asian ContinentsTrack 4-1 Systems biology in HIV, METH and cARTTrack 4-2 HIV diagnosisTrack 4-3 HIV and retroviral transmission and preventionTrack 4-4 Anti-retroviral therapies and associated complicationsTrack 4-5 Psychological and social issues associated with HIVTrack 4-6 Opportunistic diseases in HIVTrack 4-7 Immunology of HIV and retroviral infectionsTrack 4-8 Clinical trials in HIV/AIDSTrack 4-9 Nucleoside analoguesTrack 4-10 HIV vaccines and advancesTrack 4-11 Molecular mechanisms and novel targetsTrack 5: Organ Specific Cancers and Tumour VirologyTrack 5-1 Viral gastroenteritisTrack 5-2 Hepatocellular carcinomasTrack 5-3 HPV associated cervical cancersTrack 5-4 Human herpes virus and cancersTrack 5-5 Simian virus 40Track 5-6 Other cancer associated viral infectionsTrack 6: Respiratory and Vector Borne DiseasesTrack 6-1 Influenza A (H1N1)Track 6-2 Severe acute respiratory syndromeTrack 6-3 Avian flu (H5N1)Track 6-4 Dengue virusTrack 6-5 Hanta virusTrack 6-6 Ebola virusTrack 6-7 West Nile virusTrack 7: Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for Viral InfectionsTrack 7-1 DNA vaccinesTrack 7-2 Interleukin immune therapyTrack 7-3 Antibody therapy against virusesTrack 7-4 Gene therapy for viral infectionsTrack 7-5 Viral vaccinesTrack 7-6 Vaccine allergyTrack 7-7 Antiviral drugs and adjuvantsTrack 7-8 Safety evaluation of viral vaccinesTrack 7-9 Antigen presenting cell-targeted therapyVirology-2013161 st OMICS Group ConferenceDoubleTree by Hilton Baltimore-BWI Airport, MD, USA November 20-22, 2013Track 8: Viral HepatitisTrack 8-1 Hepatitis ATrack 8-2 Hepatitis BTrack 8-3 Hepatitis CTrack 8-4 Hepatitis DTrack 8-5 Hepatitis ETrack 8-6 Epidemiology of hepatitisTrack 8-7 Hepatitis virology and immunologyTrack 9: Viral ImmunologyTrack 9-1 Viral immune evasionTrack 9-2 Receptors and signallingTrack 9-3 Neutralizing antibodiesTrack 9-4 Adjuvants and cell-based immunityTrack 9-5 Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinesTrack 10: Neurological Infections Associated with VirusesTrack 10-1 Neurological disorders by virusesTrack 10-2 Molecular diagnosis of nervous system virusesTrack 10-3 NeuropathogenesisTrack 10-4 AIDS associated neural diseasesTrack 11: Agriculture and Plant VirologyTrack 11-1 Plant virus epidemiology, ecology, and evolutionTrack 11-2 Viral vector biology and transmissionTrack 11-3 Wheat and rice virusesTrack 11-4 Vegetable virusesTrack 11-5 Tobacco virusTrack 11-6 Grape wine leaf roll diseaseTrack 11-7 Virus resistant plants and disease controlTrack 11-8 Biotechnology in plant viral diseasesTrack 11-9 Viral mediated plant transformationsTrack 12: Animal VirusesTrack 12-1 Zoonoses epidemiologyTrack 12-2 Viroid and prion diseasesTrack 12-3 Functional genomics and proteomics of animal virusesTrack 12-4 Animal vaccines and viral immunologyTrack 13: BacteriophagesTrack 13-1 Impact on bacterial genome evolutionTrack 13-2 Phage therapy and its applicationsTrack 13-3 Clinical trials in phage therapyTrack 13-4 Novel anti-phage mechanisms in bacteriaTrack 14: Recent Advances in Drug DiscoveryTrack 14-1 Bioinformatics in drug discoveryTrack 14-2 Drug-drug interactionsTrack 14-3 Lead targets in drug discoveryTrack 14-4 Antiviral drug resistanceTrack 15: Current Focus on Virology ResearchTrack 15-1 Stem cell therapy for viral infections: Promises and challengesTrack 15-2 New strategies to combat flu virusesTrack 15-3 Strain identification assays and rapid diagnostic testing for viral infectionsTrack 15-4 Clinical virologyTrack 15-5 Viruses and nanotechnologyVirology-2012 ReportThe 2 nd World Conference on Virology was held during August 20-22, 2012 in Las Vegas, USAhighlighting “Innovations and Therapeutic Approaches in Virology”.Virology-2012 was attended by about 200 delegates from across the globe. Eminent speakers gavetheir fruitful contributions at the conference including exhaustive poster presentations by young researchersand veterans. Moreover, workshops on NIH Grantsmanship and High Throughput Screening and AssayDevelopment were organized during the the conference. Simultaneously, Editorial Board Meeting and B2Bsessions between renowned scientists and individuals from business community took place.Page 20

Virology-2013OMICS Group is organizing Virology-2013 with the overwhelming support from more than 200 Editorial Board Members ofrelated journals, that includes Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, and Journal of Virology and Mycology.Marc HV Van RegenmortelDirectorCNRS, School of BiotechnologyUniversity of StrasbourgFranceSharof Tugizov MAssociate ProfessorUniversity of CaliforniaUSATel: 415-514-3177Fax: 415-476-9364Organizing Committee MembersJames MahonyAssistant Dean Medical Sciences, ProfessorDeptartment of Pathology & Molecular MedicineMcMaster UniversityUSATel: 905 522-1155Fax: 905 521-6083Junona MoroianuAssociate Professor of BiologyBoston CollegeUSATel 617-552-1713Deepak ShuklaProfessorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUSATel: 312-355-0908Aamir ShahzadSecretary General & Director of AdministrationInternational Society for Translational Medicine(ISTM)AustriaHye Kyung ChungSr. Staff ScientistABL, Inc.USATel: 301-816-5351Fax: 301-468-9466Hua ZhuAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Microbiology & Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Medicine & Dentistry of New JerseyUSATel 973-972-4483 x26488Aboul-Ata E Aboul-AtaPresidentArab Society for VirologyEgyptEeva TuppurainenHead of Capripoxvirus Reference laboratoryInstitute for Animal HealthUKDavid JansNMHRC Senior Principal Research FellowUniversity of MelbourneAustraliaSuresh MahalingamPrincipal Research LeaderEmerging Viruses and Institute for GlycomicsGriffith University, Gold Coast CampusAustraliaTel: 61-7-5552-7178Fax: 61-7-5552-8098NovemberEditorsJournal of Antivirals & AntiretroviralsJournal of AIDS & Clinical ResearchJournal of Virology and MycologyJoin your Peers @ Virology-2013• Are you interested in organizing a track?• Organizing a small symposium at this venue?• Organizing a small workshop at this conference?• Deliver a speech?• Present a poster/oral presentation?• Sponsor the event?• Exhibit at the event?• Participate in B2B meeting?Conference VenueDoubleTree by Hilton Baltimore- BWI Airport890 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum, MD 21090, USAPlease contact: virology2013@omicsonline.comwww.omicsgroup.com/conferences/virology-2013Hosting OrganizationOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400, Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPhone: +1-888-843-8169, Fax: +1-650-618-1417Toll Free: +1-800-216-6499Email: contact.omics@omicsonline.orgPage 21

Page 22

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASponsorPage 23

The companyGenPhar, Inc. (GenPhar or Company) is aleading development-stage company in theburgeoning field of biodefense. GenPhar’sscientists have developed a novel andproprietary vaccine platform technology thatcan support the development of multivalentvaccines against many infectious diseases.GenPhar is currently working undercontracts with the United States ArmyMedical Research Institute for InfectiousDisease (USAMRIID) to develop a bivalent(protects against two different strains) Ebolavaccine, a trivalent (against three strains)Marburg vaccine, and a panfilo-vaccine thatprotects people against infection by fivestrains of the hemorrhagic fever viruses. Thehemorrhagic fever viruses are “the mostlethal viruses known to mankind” andcauses death in over 95% of those infected; therefore, these viruses can be usedas extremely lethal biological weapons that threaten the national security of theUnited States. Under a separate contract, GenPhar is working with the US Navy todevelop a tetravalent (against four strains) dengue vaccine. In addition to the greatneed of dengue vaccines by the US military, the worldwide market for denguevaccine is huge. Two thirds of the world’s population (2.5 billion), live in dengueinfested areas, with millions of new cases annually.GenPhar’s business model is todevelop and produce the neededbiodefense vaccines for the Government,while sustaining continuous financialgrowth for the company by manufacturingthe vaccines for the Government vaccinestockpile, and for the continuousreplacement of the vaccines due to expire.In addition, GenPhar will utilize its vaccineplatform to develop vaccines with higheconomical and social impacts, such asAIDS and hepatitis C vaccines, for the civilian markets.Page 24

Because of heightened awareness of the country’s vulnerability to biologicalattacks and the increased threats of new or rare lethal diseases (such as outbreaksof West Nile virus in the US, Ebola in Africa and SARS in Southeast Asia andChina), GenPhar’s business strategy has become uniquely attractive for adevelopment stage company.GenPhar’s Platform Technology: GenPhar’s patented technology platform isextremely adaptive and can support vaccine development for infectious diseaseswith high social and economical impacts, such as AIDS, hepatitis C and atherapeutic hepatitis B vaccine. These vaccines have shown unprecedentedabilities to induce powerful humoral and cellular immune responses in small animaland non-human primate tests. Because of the enormous demands of thebiodefense vaccines and the shortened pathway to market in the United States,GenPhar has elected to concentrate on its biodefense vaccines and has enteredinto a joint venture with a Chinese biotechnology company. GenPhar licensed itsvaccines for AIDS and hepatitis B to the JV. In exchange, the JV will manufacture,test, achieve approval for and commercialize the vaccines for sale in the GreaterChina market. GenPhar owns a minority interest in the JV. More importantly,GenPhar retains the rights to these vaccines elsewhere in the world.GenPhar’s first phase of commercialization is to provide licensed rights ofbiodefense vaccines that include the Ebola, Marburg, and dengue vaccines to thegovernment. The second phase will be to manufacture the vaccines for theDepartment of Defense (including its allies) and the Department of HomelandSecurity to stockpile and replace any expired vaccines in the following years. Thethird phase will be to commercialize the dengue, AIDS, and hepatic C vaccines forcivilian markets. The company will strive to provide financial returns to its investorswith profits of the licensing and sale of the biodefense vaccines and provide itsinvestors with an exit strategy by entering the public stock market at an appropriatetime.Contract Information:John Dong, M.D., Ph.D.CEOGenPhar, Inc.dongj@genphar.comGenPhar Research and Production FacilityPage 25

Page 26

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAExhibitorsPage 27

Desert King International was founded in 1978 as a pioneer in jojoba oil production. It rapidly becamethe largest and most reputable jojoba oil producer setting the standards for quality jojoba oil products.Since then, Desert King International has added Yucca Schidigera and Quillaja saponaria products to itshigh quality natural products line, becoming not only the largest manufacturer of Yucca and Quillaja, but theonly company basic in both products with manufacturing facilities in Baja California, Mexico (Yucca schidigeraproducts) and in Chile (Quillaja saponaria products)Full TraceabilityOur products are fully traceable from finished product to the origin of the raw material.Visit our information LibraryAccess articles, patents and research papers related to our natural products. Selected documents areavailable to the public with each industry’s section, but you can enjoy access to the entire collection.Desert King International conducts its Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria harvesting under a plan ofResponsible Forestry Management.Damian HileyBusiness Development/Product MgrVaccine AdjuvantsDesert King InternationalTel: +1-619-429-5222Cell: +1-619-948-3608www.QS21Adjuvant.comwww.VET-SAP.comdfhiley@desertking.comPage 28

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAWorkshopPage 29

WorkshopTitle:Implementing a core team process to maximizeefficiencies and minimize costs in the start-up andconduct of clinical trialsChair Person:Brenda S. AtchisonThe Alliance for Multispecialty Research, LLC, USACynthia DukesICON Clinical Research, USAEvette RiegelBeardsworth Consulting Group, USACody TowlerClinical Research Consortium, USAPage 30

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAKeynote ForumPage 31

Peter Lloyd Nara, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0153 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPeter Lloyd NaraBiological Mimetics, Inc., USADecoding immune evading mechanisms of pathogens: Reorderingof immunodominance for new and improved vaccinesOver the last 250 years, the use of vaccines, a mainstay of preventative medicine and public health has provento be one of the most successful and cost-effective medical interventions ever discovered. Despite thesegreat advances to human and animal health of the past 5 decades; the basic technology on which it was createdfrom does not for the most part work against the many remaining pathogens of humans and animals. This ismainly due to the fact that the large list of disease-causing microbes is inherently resistant to current vaccinetechnologies (e.g. strain-restricted immunity/antigenic variation/poor memory/enhanced disease/incompleteand shortened immunity etc.) some form and represents a major gap in our understanding of the complexevasion mechanisms evolved by the pathogens.What makes these pathogens so resistant to previous and currently licensed technology appears dueto the phenomena of Deceptive Imprinting. “Deceptive Imprinting” is at the heart of a new understating ofhow pathogens have evolved host evading strategies and explains the way in which these diverse and mutablepathogens create a molecular diversion (decoy) at the level of both the innate and acquired host defense systems--much like how metallic chaff would confuse a radar system trying to locate a missile or plane. A counter measurefirst generation technology called Immune Refocusing has been designed specifically to address this evasionmechanism identifies the decoy (metallic chaff) and removes it thus redirecting the host defense system to themore protective regions of the microbe.This lecture will bring together new paradigm shifting first principals of Deceptive Imprinting, immunology,new insight from querying pathogen genomes through “Pressure Point” Technology and application of thetechnology of Immune Refocusing. These paradigm shifting scientific insights have opened up fresh newapproaches to technical advancement and the development of new antigens that can be used for vaccines andderiving new monoclonal antibodies toward inducing improved and broader protective immunity.BiographyPeter Lloyd Nara currently holds the Endowed Eugene Lloyd Chair, Professor in Vaccinology, founding Center Director for theCenter for Advanced Host Defense, Immunobiotics, and Translational Comparative Medicine in the Department of BiomedicalSciences, in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University, adjunct Professor, Microbiology, Carver College ofMedicine, University of Iowa and also is the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chairman & co-founder of Biological Mimetics, Inc.He holds a M.Sc. in Immuno-pharmacology, a combined Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Ph.D. (retro-virology/oncogenesis) fromThe Ohio State University, 4 year combined residency in Comparative Pathology and NIH post-doctoral Fellowship at the ArmedForces Institute of Pathology and a NIH respectively.nara@bmi-md.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 32

Ara Hovanessian, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0153 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAra HovanessianCNRS - Université Paris Descartes, FranceThe achilles heel in HIV-1: The conserved caveolin-1 bindingdomain in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41 isa B- and T-cell epitope target for vaccine developmentGeneration of a broadly effective vaccine against HIV-1 is complicated due to the extremely fast level ofmutation of its genomic sequence, and the high degree of variability between various viral clades.Consequently, a conserved functional sequence in the HIV genome may represent the “Achilles’ heel” of HIVfor the development of an efficient vaccine. In 1997-1998 we discovered that nucleolin also exists at the cellsurface where it serves as a low affinity receptor for various growth factors and microorganisms including HIV-1. Further studies using equilibrium density fractionation using sucrose gradient of Triton X-100 extracts fromfreshly HIV-1 infected cells, revealed the coexistence of viral matrix, gp41, reverse transcriptase, and newlysynthesized HIV-1 DNA with components of lipid raft microdomains containing also caveolin-1 and surfacenucleolin. Caveolin-1 is constitutively expressed in cells but being cholesterol binding protein it is insoluble innon-ionic detergents. Consequently the presence of caveolin-1 with the HIV-1 replication complex indicates itsTriton X-100 solubilisation during the HIV-1 entry process. We identified a distinct caveolin-1 binding motif inin the ectodomain of gp41 which is conserved in every single HIV-isolate, 623WNNMTWMEW631.This strongconservation as well gp41 binding to caveolin-1, suggest that there is a constant selective pressure to preservethis sequence for a specific function in the HIV infectious cycle. By a series of studies, we demonstrated thatthe synthetic CBD1 peptide (SLEQIWNNMTWMQWDK), corresponding to the consensus caveolin-1 bindingdomain of HIV-1 gp41, is characterized by a distinct structure that accounts for its capacity to penetrate thecell membrane, bind caveolin-1 present at the internal side of the plasma membrane, thus suggesting that theCBD1-epitope could be functional for translocation of gp41 within the plasma membrane. Importantly, theCBD1 peptide is capable of eliciting the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies in rabbits, mice, andmacaques. Further studies in mice indicated that HIV-neutralizing antibodies against CBD1 react with multipleconformational epitopes that overlap the highly conserved caveolin-1 binding motif (CBM: IWNNMTWMQW)with the N-terminal conserved isoleucine residue. The CBM-based peptides IWNNMTWMQW andIWNNMTW when fused to a T helper epitope are immunogenic by inducing high titer CBM-specific antibodiescapable of neutralizing HIV-1 infection. In our final study, the efficacy of the CBD1-based peptide-cocktailvaccine-formulation was evaluated in cynomolgus macaques to resist SHIV challenge via the mucosal rectalroute. Among the five vaccinated macaques, three became infected with a slight delay compared to the controls;and two resisted eight weakly SHIV challenges. Interestingly, vaccinated animals maintained CD4 T cell counts,and CM memory cells (CD95 + CD28+) were not depleted during the acute phase of infection. Most importantlychallenge with SHIV boosted at once antigen specific memory T-cell response. The initiation of a recall memoryT cell response induced by the native CBD1 epitope presented by the input challenge SHIV gp41 enforces thepotentiality of our vaccine strategy. Moreover, as immune responses against the CBD1-epitope are not detectablein HIV-infected individuals; CBD1-based vaccines could have applications as a therapeutic vaccine in AIDSpatients.BiographyJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalAra Hovanessian (Director of Research 1, CNRS; ‘‘Chevalier dans l’Ordre National du Mérite’’) did his Ph.D. at the University ofLondon and at the NIMR in Mill Hill. Then as a senior investigator and `Chef d`Unité`, he spent 26 years at the ‘Institut Pasteur’in Paris in close collaboration with Luc Montagnier. Since 2004, he is at CNRS-Université Paris Descartes where he conductstwo major projects: 1) on the development of a synthetic vaccine for AIDS, and 2) on the development of synthetic peptides forcancer therapy. His research discoveries include the interferon-induced 2’-5’ oligoadenylate synthetases (1512 PubMed articles)and the protein kinase PKR (3132 PubMed articles). He has more than 40 patents on the diagnosis of HIV-2 and HIV-2 envelopeglycoproteins, Inhibitors of HIV entry, synthetic vaccines against HIV, surface-nucleolin as a target in cancer therapy. He haspublished more than 190 papers (PubMed) 75% of which he is the fi rst or the last author.ara.hovanessian@parisdescartes.frVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 33

Malcolm E. Thomas, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0153 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARise of the ArbovirusesMalcolm E. ThomasArbovax Inc., USAlarge group of more than 700 of enveloped RNA viruses, transmitted primarily (but not exclusively) byA Arthropod vectors (mosquitoes, sand-flies, fleas, ticks, lice, etc.) are collectively known as ‘Arboviruses’.They include the genera Alphavirus and Flavivirus, responsible for many of the 200+ diseases that affect humansworldwide. Diseases such as dengue fever, West Nile and Equine Encephalitis for example. These diseases areshowing resurgence of late and are spreading from their traditional endemic areas to Europe and the Americas.There are several postulates to explain this spread. Global travel and human alterations to the environment,such as rapid urbanization, are helping to fuel some infectious diseases outbreaks. Attempts to eradicate thevector have so far proven unsuccessful and then there's climate change. As the weather warms, especially in thetropics, the mosquito is able to thrive and expand its potential range. A 2008 report by the Lowy Institute inSydney estimated that by 2085, more than half the world's population will be living in areas that are at risk fordengue fever, far greater than today. With the exception of dengue fever, most arboviruses have a zoonotic phasewhere the virus resides in an animal host such as birds before infecting the insect vector. This protects the virusand increases its range of transmission. In general, vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue and West NileVirus could become more prevalent as the weather warms and the winters that once stopped these mosquitoescold become less of a barrier.BiographyMalcolm E. Thomas is president and CEO of Arbovax, a biotechnology company commercializing a unique and innovative platformtechnology that can be used to make vaccines against insect-borne viral diseases. He started his working life as a researchscientist in the biochemistry department of the Wellcome Research Laboratories in the UK. He holds a B.Sc. in Biochemistry (Hons)from the University of East Anglia in the UK.mthomas@arbovax.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 34

Nikolai Petrovsky, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0153 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANikolai PetrovskyFlinders Medical Centre Research Director, Vaxine Pty Ltd., AustraliaIdeal adjuvants for enhanced vaccine efficacy: Innate immuneactivation; A blessing or a curse?Highly purified antigens suffer from poor immunogenicity. Current paradigms suggest the way to address thisproblem is with adjuvants based on potent innate immune activators, thereby mimicking natural infection.The key question is whether vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity are inseparable? Are pro-inflammatorydanger signals really needed to make modern vaccines effective? Using examples of vaccines against influenza,West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and other important biodefense pathogens, data will be provided toshow that bigger is not always better when it comes to vaccine adjuvants, thereby explaining how adjuvants suchas delta inulin (Advax) with more subtle immune effects may surprisingly provide the best long-term immunememory responses and vaccine protection.BiographyNikolai Petrovsky MBBS, FRACP, Ph.D. is an active hospital clinician, research professor at Flinders Medical Centre, AdelaideAustralia and research director of Vaxine, an Australian vaccine development company. He is Secretary-General of the InternationalImmunomics Society and has received major funding from the US National Institutes of Health to develop novel biodefensevaccines and adjuvants. He has won prestigious awards including the AMP Innovation Award at the 2009 Telstra Business Awardsand an Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year in 2010. He has taken four vaccines to the clinic and has authored over 100scientifi c papers and book chapters.nikolai.petrovsky@fl inders.edu.auJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 35

John Y. Dong, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0153 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAJohn Y. DongDivision of Biodefense Vaccines, GenPhar, Inc., USAA versatile and efficient multivalent vaccine platform againstinfectious diseases caused by viruses with mMultiple subtypesFor many of the world’s most dangerous viruses, traditional vaccine technologies have failed to provideprotections, especially against those with multiple strains or serotypes. The hemorrhagic fevers caused bythe Ebola and Marburg viruses are among the most deadly diseases to affect humans, and are fatal in nearly90% of those affected. The dengue fever viruses affect over 100 million people each year, with severe casescausing a hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome or death. In response to these needs, we have developed amultivalent vaccine platform, based on the complex ad-vector vaccine platform (CAdVax), and have shownits efficacy in vaccines against some of the most dangerous infectious agents. There are many advantages of theCAdVax platform, but the most important one is its capacity of expressing multi-antigens de novo to induceimmune responses by mimicking natural infection, but without causing any significant side effects. This makesthe platform especially suitable for multivalent vaccines to protect against viruses of multiple subtypes. In animalstudies, the CAdVax vaccines induce potent immune responses, 100% of the vaccinated animals, including nonhumanprimates, survived challenge by multiple subtypes of Ebola, Marburg, or effectively suppressed viremiaof all four types of dengue viruses. The same CAdVax platform has been applied to other viral agents, includingthe highly pathogenic influenza, West Nile Virus, and Rift Valley Fever virus. All theses vaccines induced portentimmune response against their specific viral targets. These results demonstrated the broad application of thevaccine platform against lethal virus infections.BiographyJohn Dong is President and CEO of GenPhar, Inc. Under John’s leadership, GenPhar, Inc. has been focusing its efforts indeveloping vaccines and therapies against infectious diseases using a unique vaccine platform. Scientists at GenPhar havedeveloped a number of multivalent vaccines against lethal viruses. John has established close collaborations with divisions of theUnited States Department of Defense (DoD) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). John’s collaborations include: working withNIH to develop an HIV vaccine that induces both neutralizing and CTL responses; partnering with the US Army Research Instituteof Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) to develop a bivalent Ebola vaccine and a trivalent Marburg vaccine; and a joint effort withthe US Navy Medical Research Center (NMRC) to develop a tetravalent dengue vaccine against all four serotypes of the denguevirus. John has also been leading the effort to develop commercial applications of the platform, including hepatitis, Infl uenza, RSVand a West Nile virus vaccine.Dong also has a long academic career. He obtained his medical degree at the Capital Medical Institute in Beijing, and his doctoratein molecular virology and immunology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). He joined the faculty at UAB almostimmediately after obtaining his Ph.D. with joint affi liations with both the Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the GregoryFleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center. He then continued his successful academic career at the University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), and as a Professor in the Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology at the Medical University of SouthCarolina (MUSC). Dr. Dong is an expert in molecular virology and immunology and has published regularly in scientifi c journalssuch as the Journal of Virology, Human Gene Therapy, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Johnserved as the principal investigator on a number of federally funded grants and contracts, and his research has resulted in multiplepatent awards.johny.dong@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 36

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAScientific Tracks & AbstractsPage 37

Track 1 & 21: Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vaccination2: Vaccinations Focusing on Induction of B or T cell ResponsesSession ChairNikolai PetrovskyFlinders University, AustraliaSession Co-ChairEsma S. YolcuUniversity of Louisville, USADay 1 July 29, 2013Session IntroductionTitle: Stabilization and drying of vaccines for novel deliveryRobert E. Sievers, University of Colorado, USATitle: Adenovirus vector-induced innate-adaptive protective immunity duo against viral and bacterialinfectionsDe-chu C. Tang, International Vaccine Institute, KoreaTitle: IL-23 encapsulated PLGA micro-particles has a strong adjuvant effect in Pertussis vaccineXiaoqing Wei, Cardiff University, UKTitle: Negative vaccination with donor splenocytes engineered with FasL as an effective mean ofinducing transplantation toleranceEsma S. Yolcu, University of Louisville, USATitle: Design and clinical evaluation of a novel self-adjuvanting peptide-based pan influenza AT-cell vaccineCampbell Bunce, Immune Targeting Systems Ltd., UKTitle: Strategies for generation of broadly cross-neutralising anti-influenza vaccine responsesNikolai Petrovsky, Flinders University, AustraliaTitle: New strategies to present an anti-candidiasis synthetic glycopeptide vaccine acceptable forhuman useHong Xin, LSUHSC & Children's Hospital Research Institute, USATitle: Are there time period-related differences in the prophylactic effects of Bacille Calmette-Guerinintravesical instillation therapy? Comparison of Japan and Western countriesTakehiko Okamura, J. A. Aichi Anjo Kosei Hospital, JapanTitle: Vaccine hyporesponse in healthy elderly subjects is associated with a decrease in B cell IFNresponses: Data from functional proteomic analysis using single cell network profilingDiane Longo, Nodality, USAPage 38

Robert E. Sievers et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAStabilization and drying of vaccines for novel deliveryRobert E. Sievers 1,2 , Stephen P. Cape 1,2 , Jessica H. Thrall 1,2 , Nisha K. Shah 1,2 , Scott Winston 2 , David H. McAdams 1 , Pankaj Pathak 2 ,Ravindra G. Muley 3 , Vivek B. Vaidya 3 , Rajeev M. Dhere 3 , Diane E. Griffin 4 , Wen-Hsuan Lin 4 , Paul A. Rota 5 , Mark Papania 51University of Colorado Boulder, USA2Aktiv-Dry LLC, USA3Serum Institute of India, India4Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA5Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USAStabilizing, gently drying, and individually packaging microparticles of vaccines offers important advantages in terms of efficacyand safety of vaccine administration. For example, aqueous suspensions of Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine stabilizedwith myo-inositol, then gently dried at 50-60 ºC by Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer® (CAN-BD),yields microparticles with 1-5 microns aerodynamic diameter. These are then effectively delivered from individually sealed blisterpacks into aerosol bags, the aerosol of which can be delivered throughout respiratory tracts without reconstitution in water. Themicroparticles deposit on the moist surfaces and are rapidly dissolved to initiate development of a mucosal immune response.Within a few days, after inhalation of the dry powder aerosol vaccine by rhesus macaques, measles virus-specific antibodies weredetected, and after 13 months the macaques receiving aerosols from reservoirs attached to masks were fully protected whenchallenged with wild-type measles virus. The immune response was at least as robust as that from subcutaneous injection ofliquid vaccine into non-human primates.Phase I clinical trials in 60 adult human volunteers were started in March 2012 and no serious adverse events have beenobserved to date (March 2013). The delivery of dry powder aerosols eliminates the need for water for reconstitution to be suppliedor carried to the field as is necessary for conventional reconstitution of freeze-dried vaccines. Contamination of multi-dose vaccinevials is avoided and the hazards of accidental needle sticks and dirty needles are avoided by mucosal aerosol administration.Other novel dry vaccines, e.g., HepB are being developed.BiographyRobert Sievers, at the University of Colorado Boulder Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, and affi liate of the BiofrontiersInstitute, has co-authored approximately 200 publications, which have been cited in more than 5,000 publications by other groups. He has beenawarded 41 US and foreign patents. In 2002, he founded Aktiv-Dry LLC, a spin-out company from CU developing needle-free vaccine deliverysystems, DPIs, and new formulations of stable vaccines, anti-virals, and antibiotics. He also co-founded Sievers Instruments, Inc. in 1984, whichwas acquired by Ionics, and subsequently by GE Analytical. He has mentored 40 Ph.D. students.bob.sievers@colorado.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 39

De-chu C. Tang, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAdenovirus vector-induced innate-adaptive protective immunity duo against viral andbacterial infectionsDe-chu C. TangInternational Vaccine Institute, KoreaWe report that intranasal administration of an E1/E3-defective (E1E3) adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-vectored influenzavaccine could induce seroconversion in human volunteers without appreciable adverse effects, even in subjects with preexistingAd5 immunity. Mice and ferrets were well protected against challenge by a lethal dose of an H5N1 avian influenza virusfollowing intranasal instillation of an Ad5 vector encoding hemagglutinin (HA) in a single-dose regimen.Moreover, the ΔE1E3 Ad5 particle itself without transgene could confer rapid-prolonged-broad protection against a varietyof influenza virus strains by inducing an anti-influenza state in a drug-like manner, conceivably by activating a specific armof innate immunity. An Ad5 vector encoding HA consolidates drug and vaccine into a single package, which allows the Ad5backbone to confer nearly immediate and prolonged (e.g., 5 hours to 47 days) protection against influenza; followed by HAmediatedadaptive immunity before the ΔE1E3 Ad5 backbone-induced anti-influenza state declines away.In addition to ΔE1E3 Ad5’s capacity to rapidly induce an anti-influenza state, an Ad5 vector encoding a bioengineeredBacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) could also confer rapid (e.g., 1-2 days) prophylactic or post-exposure anthrax therapywith synergy to antibiotic treatment in a murine model. Both rabbits and macaques were well protected by an Ad5-PA-vectorednasal anthrax vaccine in a single-dose regimen against inhalational anthrax following challenge with a lethal dose of Bacillusanthracis Ames spores.BiographyDe-chu C. Tang is a Korean Brain Pool Program Scientist and the Scientifi c Founder of Vaxin Inc. He obtained his Ph.D. in Microbiology from IndianaUniversity in 1989. He carried out his postdoctoral work at Baylor College of Medicine, Duke University, and the University of Texas SouthwesternMedical Center. He joined the faculty at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1994; subsequently founded Vaxin Inc. on UAB campus in 1997;and was responsible for Vaxin’s daily operation as the Chief Scientifi c Offi cer until 2012. He was one of the pioneers during the development of DNAvaccines, noninvasive skin patch vaccines, adenovirus-vectored infl uenza and anthrax vaccines, adenovirus-vectored poultry vaccines, as well asthe drug-vaccine duo platform technology. He received the Wallace H. Coulter Award for innovation and entrepreneurship in 2000; Vaxin Inc. wasselected as a Tech Museum Awards Laureate in 2007. He was selected as a distinguished overseas scientist by the Korean Brain Pool Program in2012 and subsequently recruited to Chung-Ang University and International Vaccine Institute in Seoul as a Scientist.Dechu.Tang@ivi.intJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 40

Xiao-Qing Wei, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAIL-23 encapsulated PLGA micro-particles has a strong adjuvant effect in Pertussis vaccineXiao-Qing WeiTissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Dental School of Cardiff University, UKObjective: Pertussis still remains endemic worldwide and is an important public health problem. There has been a resurgenceof reported pertussis cases in many regions of the world where the acellular pertussis vaccine (ACV) vaccination coverage inyoung children is high. Ten infant deaths were reported in California in 2010. The epidemic was not confined to California,with similar reports from Michigan, Ohio and Oklahoma and in other countries, including Australia and Ireland. More recently,5 neonate deaths in UK and 9 deaths in Washington in 2012 have been reported. This resurgence of pertussis may be, in part,associated with escape from immunity owing to antigen variation and/or poor or short-lived adaptive immunity induced by theACV when compared with the whole cell pertussis vaccine (WCV) that they replaced. Currently, ACV are administered withalum as the adjuvant which favours the induction of Th2 cells and antibodies. Studies have shown that WCV or natural infectioninduce relatively high levels of protection and promote Th1 responses. Given the increasing incidence of pertussis in vaccinatedpopulations, strategies to raise the efficacy and longevity of the protection induced by ACV to that of the original WCV shouldbe investigated taking cognisance of recent discoveries on the mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity, especially the role ofT-cell and CMI response.New nanotechnology has merged in recent years in drug/vaccine delivery fields. Bio-degradable PLGA nanoparticles havebeen reported to easily penetrate through dermal skin into lymphoid tissue to initiate T and B cell responses. This method hasbeen used to deliver antigen for vaccination successfully together with TLR agonist which effectively induced dendritic cellmaturation and dramatically enhanced cellular immunity. IL-12 family cytokines e.g. IL-23 and IL-27 have been reported to playan important role in generation of high Th1 response and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells against virus infection and IL-23 and IL-27have been shown synergistically with IL-12 inducing Th1 responses. IL-23 is also a critical cytokine to induce Th17 responsewhich has been demonstrated to play a beneficial role in vaccination against Staphylococcus aureus infection. CpG alone, or incombination with alum has shown to promote both humoral and CMI responses in mice and thereby enhance protection againstlive bacterial challenge.Method: Bone marrow cells extracted from C57/black mice femur bones were cultured with either 10 ng/ml rmGM-CSF or 10ng/ml each M-CSF/IL-4 for 7 days before LPS stimulation with or without Heat-Kill Candida (HKC). Released cytokines weresubsequently measured by ELISA and gene expression determined by real-time RT-PCR. In some experiments, cytokines wereexamined by Western blot. To confirm intracellular EBi3/p40/35 protein interaction, IL-12p70 biscistronic expression vector andEBI3 expression vector were constructed in pcDNA3.1A. CHO cells were transfected with expression vectors before detection ofthe protein by ELISA, Western blot (WB) and/or immuno-precipitation WB.Result: Mouse bone marrow derived M1 and M2 macrophages produced distinctive cytokine patterns following C. albicansstimulation. LPS converted M2 macrophages to the M1 phenotype with higher IL-12p70 production. C. albicans suppressed LPSinduced IL-12p70 production in a dose dependent manner in M2. This suppression was result of competing of EBI3 and IL-12p40for IL-12p35 binding, which was confirmed by IL-12p40/p35 and EBi3 co-expression in CHO cells.Conclusion: This result demonstrated that Candida ‘de-sensitises’ tissue M2 macrophages to transform to M1 phenotype in thepresence of LPS, by suppressing IL-12p70 production. This may lead to the avoidance of an unnecessary Th1 response during theresolving phase of infection.BiographyXiao-Qing Wei graduated in medicine in Medical School of Peking University in Beijing, China. He has also completed his Ph.D. in ImmunologyDepartment of University of Glasgow and studied the role of cytokine, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-35 in infection and immunity as a research fellow inUniversity of Glasgow in UK. He is a lecturer in Immunology in Cardiff University currently. He has published 60 papers in reputed journals andserving as an editorial board member of some immunology journals. He has awarded honorary professorships in 4 medical universities in China andcurrently working closely with his collaborators in China and UK in cytokine and skin DC research.WeiX1@cardiff.ac.ukJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 41

Esma S. Yolcu, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANegative vaccination with donor splenocytes engineered with FasL as an effective mean ofinducing transplantation toleranceEsma S. YolcuUniversity of Louisville, USAFasL is a member of TNF ligand superfamily and plays an essential role in immune homeostasis. This critical role played byFasL renders this molecule as an attractive target for immunomodulation to achieve tolerance to auto and transplantationantigens. Immunomodulation of immune system with genetically modified cells expressing FasL was shown to induce toleranceto alloantigens. However, genetic modification of primary cells in a rapid, efficient, and clinically applicable manner provedchallenging. Therefore, we developed a protein display technology that allows efficient engineering of donor splenocytes witha novel form of FasL protein (SA-FasL) and tested the efficacy of engineered cells as a negative vaccination strategy to inducetolerance to cardiac allografts. Intraperitoneal injection of ACI rats with WF splenocytes displaying SA-FasL on their surfaceresulted in tolerance to donor, but not F344 third party, cardiac allografts. Tolerance was associated with apoptosis of donorreactive T effector cells and induction/expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Treg cells played a criticalrole in the observed tolerance as adoptive transfer of sorted Treg cells from long-term graft recipients into naïve unmanipulatedACI rats resulted in indefinite survival of secondary WF grafts. Immunomodulation with allogeneic cells rapidly and efficientlyengineered to display on their surface SA-FasL protein provides an effective and clinically applicable means of cell-based therapywith potential applications to regenerative medicine, transplantation, and autoimmunity.BiographyEsma S. Yolcu is Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and the Director of Imaging Facility at the Institute for Cellular Therapeuticsand member of James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. She received her Ph.D. degree from University of Ankara,Ankara, Turkey and joined the University Of Louisville School Of Medicine in Louisville, KY, to pursue her postdoctoral training. Dr. Yolcu’s researchfocuses on novel immunomodulatory approaches for the induction of tolerance to auto and alloantigens for the purpose of treating rejection andautoimmunty. She is the recipient of several awards, member of various national and international societies, serves on Editorial Board of scientifi cjournals, and published over 67 peer-reviewed papers, abstracts, and review articles in high ranking journals, such as Immunity, Circulation, Blood,and the Journal of Immunology.esma.yolcu@louisville.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 42

Campbell Bunce, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADesign and clinical evaluation of a novel self-adjuvanting peptide-based pan influenza AT-cell vaccineCampbell BunceImmune Targeting Systems Ltd, UKImmune Targeting Systems (ITS) has developed a rationally designed, safe, self-adjuvanting vaccine technology that inducesrobust cell mediated immune (CMI) responses to peptide antigens. The vaccine concept is based on linking a fluorocarbonchain to long immunogenic peptides. These ‘fluoropeptides’ bearing specific physico-chemical properties spontaneously formmicelles in solution and enhance immunogenicity by the formation of an in vivo short-term depot thereby allowing efficientexposure of peptide antigens to the immune system.ITS’ has applied this Depovaccine technology to its lead programme Flunisyn, an influenza T cell vaccine designed totarget all seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza A. Flunisyn consists of 6 fluoropeptides developed using a proprietarybioinformatics platform. Each fluoropeptide encapsulates multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes, derived from conservedinternal influenza proteins, which are predicted to bind to multiple HLA-types thereby granting the vaccine broad populationcoverage irrespective of ethnicity. Flunisyn has completed two dose finding studies in young, healthy adult volunteers andrecently a third study in the elderly population (median age of 71 years).From the clinical studies, Flunisyn was demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated across young and old members of thepopulation, inducing a broad cross-reactive anti-viral CMI response to multiple, distinct influenza A viruses (H1N1 to H9N2).These properties offer the unique position for Flunisyn as a truly pan-influenza A vaccine for seasonal and pandemic use.Flunisyn’s ability to induce a robust immune response in the elderly population is of particular importance where conventional,HA-based influenza vaccines have proven to be poorly effective.BiographyCampbell Bunce has a Ph.D. in Immunology awarded by the School of Medicine, University of Manchester, UK. After a post-doctorate at ImperialCollege, London, he joined the biotechnology sector where he has been developing novel immunomodulating therapies and vaccines for 16 years.Campbell joined ITS as R&D Director in 2009 managing the company through the transition from pre-clinical research to clinical development of theplatform Depovaccine technology. Campbell has published a number of papers on T cell immunology and novel immunomodulating technologies.campbell.bunce@its-innovation.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 43

Nikolai Petrovsky, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAStrategies for generation of broadly cross-neutralising anti-influenza vaccine responsesNikolai PetrovskyFlinders Medical Centre and Vaxine Pty Ltd., AustraliaIncreasing evidence points to the importance of broadly cross-neutralizing anti-influenza responses in providing protectionagainst pandemic strains but current seasonal influenza vaccines are poorly effective at generating such responses. Ourgroup has been exploring techniques to enhance broadly cross-neutralizing anti-influenza responses that involve use of novelrecombinant influenza antigens adjuvants (FluBlok TM , Protein Sciences Corporation) together with novel adjuvant technology(Advax TM , Vaxine Pty Ltd). This novel approach has already been advanced to the clinic and has shown promising results in itsability to modulate both anti-influenza B- and T-cell responses, in the process inducing changes in plasmablast and memoryB-cell frequency, immunoglobulin subtype and B-cell receptor usage. The significance of these changes is still being explored inanimal challenge models, but suggests that these new approaches to influenza vaccine design may one day enable production of auniversal influenza vaccine that no longer needs to be administered on an annual basis to at risk individuals. Such vaccines couldbe major life savers in the event of a future pandemic involving H5N1, H7N9 or some other new serotype of avian influenza.BiographyNikolai Petrovsky MBBS, FRACP, Ph.D. is an active hospital clinician, research professor at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide Australia andresearch director of Vaxine, an Australian vaccine development company. He is Secretary-General of the International Immunomics Society andhas received major funding from the US National Institutes of Health to develop novel biodefense vaccines and adjuvants. He has won prestigiousawards including the AMP Innovation Award at the 2009 Telstra Business Awards and an Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year in 2010. He hastaken four vaccines to the clinic and has authored over 100 scientifi c papers and book chapters.nikolai.petrovsky@flinders.edu.auJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 44

Hong Xin, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANew strategies to present an anti-candidiasis synthetic glycopeptide vaccine acceptable forhuman useHong Xin, Jonathan Cartmell, David R. Bundle and Jim E. CutlerLSUHSC & Children's Hospital Research Institute, USABackground: Our research on pathogenesis of experimental disseminated candidiasis led to the discovery that antibodies specificfor Candida albicans cell surface β-1, 2-mannotriose [b-(Man)3] protect mice against the disease. Use of a 14 mer peptide Fba,which derived from the N-terminal portion of the C. albicans cell surface protein fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, as the carrierfor the glycan has resulted in a novel synthetic glycopeptide vaccine b-(Man)3-Fba. This conjugate uniquely induces protectiveresponses against both the glycan and peptide carrier parts of the vaccine in a mouse model of human disseminated candidiasis.Current work: We have isolated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the Fba peptide. Use of these MAbs in flow cytometricand confocal microscopic analyses provide evidence that the peptide is expressed on the fungal cell surface during growth as yeastand hyphal forms. Furthermore, one of the MAbs given passively to naïve mice protects the animals against candidiasis. Weconclude that the b-(Man)3-Fba vaccine protects mice by inducing protective antibodies against both the glycan and peptideparts of the vaccine conjugate. We have now modified the b-(Man)3-Fba conjugate by coupling it to tetanus toxoid (TT) in orderto improve immunogenicity and allow for use of an adjuvant suitable for human use. b-(Man)3-Fba-TT was administered alone,or as either a mixture made with alum or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvants by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection in miceon days 1, 21 and 62. Mice that received the conjugate vaccine prepared in either adjuvant responded as expected by makingrobust antibody responses. Surprisingly, mice that received the b-(Man)3-Fba-TT without adjuvant also responded well. All threegroups of mice also showed protection against a lethal challenge with C. albicans as evidenced by increased median survival timesand reduced kidney fungal burden as compared to control groups that received only adjuvants or DPBS buffer prior to challenge.To confirm that induced antibodies were protective, sera from mice immunized against the b-(Man)3-Fba-TT conjugate werefound to transfer protection against disseminated candidiasis to naïve mice, whereas C. albicans-adsorbed immune sera did not.Conclusion: We conclude that tetanus toxiod is a suitable secondary carrier for the glycopeptide conjugate as it induces robustantibody responses and protective immunity administered with or without adjuvants that may be suitable for human use.hxin@chnola-research.orgJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 45

Takehiko Okamura, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAre there time period-related differences in the prophylactic effects of bacille calmetteguérinintravesical instillation therapy? Comparison of Japan and Western countriesTakehiko OkamuraJ. A. Aichi Anjo Kosei Hospital, JapanThe guidelines on the prophylactic use of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer changeevery few years. Here, we performed a retrospective comparison to clarify the differences in BCG efficacy by time period,focusing on a comparison between Japan and Western countries. A total of 146 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancerthat had been treated with BCG were evaluated. All patients received 80 mg of BCG 6 to 8 times a week for prophylactic use. Threehistorical groups were compared: group A: 1980s, 39 cases; group B: 1990s, 61 cases; group C: 2000s, 46 cases. Internet searcheswere then performed to obtain information to compare Japanese and Western data. In total, recurrence was seen in 55 of the 146cases (37.7%) and progression in 14 cases (9.6%). These results were similar to those described in previous reports. However, theoutcomes of this time period-based analysis indicated a tendency for a shorter time to recurrence in patients treated after 2000,although showed no significance. These tendencies were similar with those in the Japanese literature; however, the recurrencefreerates of Western countries have been rather increasing yearly. The results of this study revealed a trend showing a low nonrecurrencerate in our series and in other Japanese studies after 2000. However, these results were in conflict with Western data.This might stem from a number of factors, including changes in accepted BCG indications, introduction of re-TUR, the conceptof BCG maintenance, and evolution of histopathological diagnostic criteria.BiographyTakehiko Okamura has completed his doctorate in Medical Genetics in 1988 from Nagoya City University Medical School. From 1989 to 1991, hejoined as research fellow at Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center. He is a Chief Director of Departmentof Urology at J.A. Aichi Anjo Kosei Hospital. He has been continuing clinical and translational research about BCG more than 20 years, and haspublished more than 30 papers in reputed journals.hiko2546@sf.commufa.jpJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 46

Diane Longo et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAVaccine hyporesponse in healthy elderly subjects is associated with a decrease in B cell IFNαresponses: Data from functional proteomic analysis using single cell network profilingDiane Longo 1 , Brent Louie 1 , Greg Friedland 1 , Erik Evensen 1 , Santosh Putta 1 , Jason Ptacek 1 , Michelle Atallah 1 , David Spellmeyer 1 ,Alessandra Cesano 1 , Rachael Hawtin 1 , Andrea Schaeffer 2 , Suzanne Lukac 2 , Radha Railkar 2 , I-Ming Wang 2 and Leon Carayannopoulos 21Nodality, USA2Merck & Co., Inc., USAPredicting vaccine efficacy has challenged developers for decades. Single cell network profiling (SCNP) is a multiparametricflow cytometry-based approach that simultaneously measures evoked intracellular signaling in multiple and highly specificcell subsets. SCNP technology was used to identify biology associated with vaccine hyporesponse in elderly healthy subjects.Cryopreserved pre-vaccination peripheral blood samples from 174 healthy [144 elderly (>65 years) and 30 young (24-40 years)]subjects vaccinated with tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and cholera were examined. Vaccine hyporesponse wasdefined as non-response to both hepatitis B and cholera based on post-vaccination antibody titers. Twenty-six signaling nodes(extracellular modulator to intracellular readout) were analyzed within 7 distinct immune cell subsets in peripheral bloodmononuclear cells. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to identify associations between signaling and vaccine responsecategories in the elderly cohort. Samples from vaccine hyporesponders showed decreased IFNα-induced JAK/STAT pathwayactivity in B cells (p

Page 48

Track 33: Novel Approaches in Design of Cellular and Molecular-Based VaccinesSession ChairNikolai PetrovskyFlinders University, AustraliaSession Co-ChairRajesh Kumar SharmaUniversity of Louisville, USASession IntroductionTitle: Applications of the Vaccine Ontology (VO) in vaccine data integration and computer-assistedautomated reasoningYongqun He, University of Michigan Medical School, USATitle: Rational design of Synthetic Vaccine Particles (SVP) for therapeutic treatment of chronicdiseasesTakashi Kei Kishimoto, Selecta Biociences, USATitle: Efficacy of a mixture of synthetic peptides overlapping the conserved CBD1 epitope in gp41 ofHIV-1 to protect against SHIV162P3 rectal challenge in cynomolgus macaquesAra Hovanessian, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, FranceTitle: Protection against influenza from RNActive® technologyBenjamin Petsch, CureVac GmbH, GermanyTitle: A novel form of 4-1BB ligand as a potent and safe adjuvant for development of therapeuticcancer vaccinesRajesh Kumar Sharma, University of Louisville, USATitle: Correct L1 initiation codon generates immunologically reactive virus-like particles of a novellaboratory mouse papillomavirus (MusPV)A. Bennett Jenson, University of Louisville, USATitle: The T-body approach combining antibody specificity with T cell activity for adoptivevaccination of cancerZelig Eshhar, The Weizmann Institute of Science, IsraelTitle: Novel non-pyrogenic hydrophobized norAbuMDP and norAbuGMDP analogues forconstruction of proteoliposome vaccinesMilan Raska, Palacky University, Czech RepublicTitle: The pharmacodynamic study and safety evaluation on tuberculosis DNA vaccinesXueqiong Wu, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, ChinaTitle: Nanoparticles: The next generation delivery vehicle for DNA vaccinesMuhammad Ali Shah, Southeast University, ChinaDay 2 July 30, 2013Page 49

Yongqun “Oliver” He et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAApplications of the vaccine ontology (vo) in vaccine data integration and computer-assistedautomated reasoningYongqun “Oliver” He, Yu Lin and Zuoshuang XiangUniversity of Michigan Medical School, USAbiomedical ontology is a set of terms and relations that represent entities and relations between these entities in a specificA biomedical domain. Biomedical ontologies support biomedical data exchange, integration, and advanced data analysis.Developed using the Web Ontology Language (OWL), the Vaccine Ontology (VO) is a community-based biomedical ontologyin the domain of vaccine and vaccination. Currently VO includes over 3,000 vaccine-associated terms. VO represents all licensedhuman vaccines in the USA and Canada, all licensed veterinary vaccines in the USA, and over 1,000 vaccines under clinicaltrials and research. VO also includes those microbial genes and proteins that have been used for vaccine development. Therelations between these genes and proteins and various vaccines are logically defined. VO integrates vaccine data stored in thecomprehensive VIOLIN vaccine database and analysis system (http://www.violinet.org). VIOLIN also uses VO to integratedifferent types of VIOLIN data curation, storage, and analysis. Through the linkage between VO and existing ontologies, vaccinedata can seamlessly be analyzed. For example, the gene and protein data stored in VO are linked to NCBI taxonomy, NCBIRefSeq and Gene databases, and MeSH/PubMed systems. These linkages allow advanced analysis of vaccine-associated genesand proteins. Currently VO and RDF-based Linked Open Vaccine Data (LOVD) system is under development. LOVD andSPARQL-based Semantic Web technology will allow the integration and query of various vaccine data from different resources.Case studies will be introduced to demonstrate the power of the VO in advanced data integration and analysis.BiographyYongqun He “Oliver” is an Associate Professor in the University of Michigan Medical School. He is experienced in both vaccinology and computersciences. His primary interests are host-vaccine interaction mechanism analysis, vaccine development, computational vaccinology, andbioinformatics. His group has developed many vaccine informatics programs including the VIOLIN vaccine database and analysis system andVaxign vaccine design program. He initiated and leads the development of the community-based Vaccine Ontology (VO). He has published over 50peer-reviewed papers and is an editorial board member of several journals.yongqunh@med.umich.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 50

Takashi Kei Kishimoto, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARational design of synthetic vaccine particles (SVP) for therapeutic treatment of chronic diseasesTakashi Kei KishimotoSelecta Biosciences, USAVaccines for the prophylaxis of infectious diseases have been one of the most effective interventions for improving humanhealth. Recent advances in immunology and vaccine technology have opened the door to novel vaccine-based therapiesfor the therapeutic treatment of chronic diseases. We have developed a flexible and modular Synthetic Vaccine Particle (SVP)technology that enables the rational design of both stimulatory vaccines and tolerogenic immune therapies. Our targeted SVPs(tSVP) have been designed and optimized to promote efficient cross-presentation of antigen and stimulate robust cellularimmunity for the treatment of cancer and chronic infections, while our tolerogenic targeted SVPs (t 2 SVP) are designed to induceimmune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergies, and immunogenicity of biological therapies. We willdescribe the general design principles of these synthetic, self-assembling nanoparticles and provide examples for use in variousdisease settings.BiographyTakashi Kei Kishimoto is the Chief Scientifi c Offi cer of Selecta Biosciences, a biotechnology company developing synthetic vaccines based on anovel self-assembling nanoparticle technology. Prior to joining Selecta, he was Vice President of Research at Momenta Pharmaceuticals wherehe led a multidisciplinary team in advancing both novel and complex generic products. Previously he held leadership positions at MillenniumPharmaceuticals and Boehringer Ingelheim. He has published over 50 peer-reviewed articles, including articles in Nature, Science, Cell, and theNew England Journal of Medicine. He received his doctoral degree in Immunology from Harvard University and his post-doctoral training at StanfordUniversity.KKishimoto@selectabio.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 51

Ara Hovanessian, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEfficacy of a mixture of synthetic peptides overlapping the conserved CBD1 epitope in gp41of HIV-1 to protect against SHIV162P3 rectal challenge in cynomolgus macaquesAra HovanessianCNRS - Université Paris Descartes, FranceThe synthetic CBD1 peptide corresponding to the conserved caveolin-1 binding domain of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 (CBD1epitope: CSLEQIWNNMTWMQWDK) elicits the production of antibodies in rabbits, mice, and macaques that inhibitinfection of primary CD4+ T lymphocytes by various primary HIV-1 isolates. In a detailed study in mice we then showed thatpeptides overlapping the caveolin-1 binding motif (CBM: IWNNMTWMQW) containing the N-terminal conserved isoleucineresidue, when fused to a T helper epitope, induce high titered HIV-neutralizing antibodies. Interestingly, immune sera raisedagainst a given peptide do not cross-react with related CBM-derived peptides, thus suggesting the existence of distinct neutralizingdeterminants, which probably reflect the dynamic conformational features of the CBD1 epitope in gp41. CBD1- and CBM-basedpeptides therefore provide specific immunogens for an efficient vaccine preparation against HIV/AIDS infection.In our current study in cynomolgus macaques, the efficacy of the CBD1-based peptide-cocktail vaccine-formulationwas evaluated in cynomolgus macaques by challenging the vaccinated animals with a replication competent simian/humanimmunodeficiency chimera virus (SHIV) that expresses HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. For this purpose, animals were vaccinatedat week 0, 4, 10, and 16 with a preparation containing a mixture of CBM-based peptides fused to the Gag 298-312epitope, theCBD1 peptide, the TetA830 peptide, and adjuvants CpG and montanide ISA 51. Once every two weeks, vaccinated animals weremonitored for the humoral and cellular immune response, while during the SHIV challenge period they were also monitored forthe plasma viral load using quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed for the average relative distribution of T-cell subsets.All immunized macaques responded by the production of high tittered and CBD1-based peptide specific antibodies.Six months after the fourth vaccine boost, six control and five vaccinated animals were challenged by repeated exposure toSHIV162P3 (NIH) via the mucosal rectal route. All of the six control animals were infected after 1-3 challenges with SHIV.Among the five vaccinated macaques, three became infected with a slight delay after 2-3 days; one became infected only afternine weakly challenges, whereas one resisted nine weakly SHIV challenges. The protection of vaccinated compared to the controlanimals is significant; p=0.039, Fisher’s exact test.Analyses of CD4 and CD8 T cell dynamics indicated that whereas in non-vaccinated group CD4 T cell counts decreaseat days 14 and 21, animals which received vaccine maintained CD4 T cell counts or even increase compared before infection.Analyses by flow cytometry of CD4 T cell subsets using the markers CD28 and CD95 demonstrated that CM memory cells(CD95+CD28+), which are considered to be associated with better protection are not depleted in vaccinated monkeys during theacute phase of infection. No difference was observed in effector memory (CD95+CD28-) and naïve CD4 T cells (CD95-CD28+).Most importantly challenge with SHIV boosted at once the capacity of CD4 T cells inresponse to specific antigen stimulation. Therefore, one week after SHIV challenge of vaccinated macaques, there is antigenspecific memory T-cell response; i.e. there is a recall memory T cell response induced by the native CBD1 epitope presented bythe input SHIV gp41 used as a challlenge. The detection of specific CD4 T cells against the CBD1-based peptides revealed thepotentiality of our vaccine strategy.These results and the conservation of CBD1 epitope among all viral isolates, provide promising perspectives for the useof our CBD1-based vaccine cocktail preparation as an efficient B-cell epitope vaccine candidate for HIV/AIDS. Moreover, asnatural antibodies against the CBD1-epitope are not detectable in HIV-infected individuals, CBD1-based vaccines could haveapplications as a therapeutic vaccine in AIDS patients.BiographyAra Hovanessian (Director of Research 1, CNRS) has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 30 years from King’s College, University of London with thethesis research work at the National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill. Then as a senior investigator, he spent 26 years at the ‘Institut Pasteur’in close collaboration with Luc Montagnier. Since 2004, he is at CNRS-Université Paris Descartes where he conducts two major projects: 1) on thedevelopment of a synthetic vaccine for AIDS, and 2) on the development of synthetic peptides for cancer therapy. His research discoveries include:The interferon-induced 2’-5’ oligoadenylate synthetase and protein kinase PKR, HIV-2 glycoproteins, Inhibitors of HIV entry, synthetic vaccinesagainst HIV, surface-nucleolin as a target in cancer therapy. He has several patents, and published more than 190 scientifi c articles (PubMed) 75%of which he is the fi rst or the last author.ara.hovanessian@parisdescartes.frJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 52

Benjamin Petsch, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAProtection against influenza from innovative RNActive® technologyBenjamin PetschCureVac GmbH, GermanyMessenger RNA based vaccination is a novel and promising vaccination approach. In recent years CureVac has developedRNActive® technology providing highly effective two-component mRNA-based vaccines with self adjuvanting activity.Recently, very promising results were generated using RNActive® vaccines in the field of cancer immunotherapy in preclinicaland clinical settings. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the use of RNActive® technology to generate vaccines protecting againstinfectious diseases, using influenza virus infection as an example.Experiments conducted on mice showed that an mRNA vaccine based on the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) elicitedoutstanding protective efficacy against challenge infections. It was possible to demonstrate this protective efficacy for severalhuman strains of influenza (H1N1, H3N2) and for highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses when the corresponding hemagglutinin waspart of the mRNA vaccine (homologous protection). Serum transfers to non-immunized animals showed that this protectionmechanism is elicited by antibodies. Moreover, when the conserved nucleoprotein of the influenza virus was used as a vaccineantigen, it was possible to induce protective efficacy not only against the homologous strain of influenza, but also against challengeinfection with a heterologous H5N1 virus. These results are extremely promising as regards the pursuit of innovative RNActive®vaccines for seasonal influenza and potential new approaches in the area of vaccination against infectious diseases in general.BiographyBenjamin Petsch, Head of Vaccines at CureVac GmbH, joined CureVac in 2010 as a Scientist in the vaccines department developing mRNA basedvaccines against infectious diseases. He received his university degree from University of Munich and performed his doctoral thesis at the Friedrich-Loeffl er-Institut, Tübingen, where he continued as a postdoc and research group leader working on mRNA vaccination against Infl uenza and onintervention of Infl uenza replication using small molecules.bm@curevac.deJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 53

Rajesh Kumar Sharma, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAA novel form of 4-1BB ligand as a potent and safe adjuvant for development of therapeuticcancer vaccinesRajesh Kumar SharmaUniversity of Louisville, USASubunit cancer vaccine represents an attractive treatment option due to tumor specificity, ability to generate memory, andsafety. However, they require potent adjuvants for therapeutic efficacy due to weak immunogenicity of TAAs and potentialself-tolerance. Given costimulation is intrinsically evolved to augment antigen specific T cell responses required for antitumorimmunity, we tested if a costimulatory molecule 4-1BBL can serve as an effective adjuvant component of the TAA based vaccineformulations. To achieve this goal, we used ProtEx for generation of chimeric SA-4-1BBL that exist as stable tetramers and higherstructures, and as such can be used as soluble proteins to effectively crosslink 4-1BB receptor on immune cells for potent signaltransduction. We herein describe a novel vaccine approach based on the use of this novel SA-4-1BBL protein as adjuvant withvarious TAAs in several cancer immunotherapy mouse models. One vaccination with the E7 or survivin with SA-4-1BBL resultedin the eradication of existing E7 expressing cervical and survivin over expressing 3LL lung tumors in >70% of the animals. Thisefficacy was improved to 100% when multiple vaccinations were used. Importantly, animals with successful immunotherapydeveloped a robust CTL responses and NK cell cytotoxicity against the tumor and long-term immune memory which was tumorantigen specific. Vaccine was well tolerated and showed no sign of overt toxicity or autoimmunity. Chimeric SA-4-1BBL has thepotential to serve as a specific immunological adjuvant to develop T cell based therapeutic vaccines against tumors with wellcharacterized tumor associated antigens.BiographyRajesh Kumar Sharma is a Faculty of Department of Medicine at University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. He completed his Ph.D. in the area ofinfectious immunology at Banaras Hindu University in India. He then moved to USA to pursue his postdoctoral studies in the area of cancerimmunology/immunotherapy and therapeutic cancer vaccines at the Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, at University of Louisville. Dr. Sharma servesas Editorial Board member and reviewer for various journals. His research interests are in the area of cancer immunology & immunotherapies,particularly development of combinatorial approaches such as chemo-immunotherapy. He has widely published in journals of Immunology, andCancer Research.rkshar01@louisville.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 54

A. Bennett Jenson et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USACorrect L1 initiation codon generates immunologically reactive virus-like particles of anovel laboratory mouse papillomavirus (MusPV)A. Bennett Jenson, Joongho Joh and Shin-je GhimUniversity of Louisville, USACorrectly assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) of papillomavirus (PV) display conformationally-dependent epitopes thatare type-specific, maintained on authenic virions and induce neutralizing antibodies. Alignment of the L1 amino acid (aa)sequences of 84 PVs revealed that the lengths of their N-termini are diverse and multiple possible initiation methionine (met)codons exist. The L1 gene of MusPV, that naturally infects immunodeficient laboratory mouse strain (NMRI-Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu),has 4 met codons at 1 st , 2 nd , 28 th and 30 th aa from its N-terminus. Of these, the 3 rd and 4 th mets, that are at 28 th and 30 th aa positionfrom the N-termius, respectively, are located at the position where most PVs have their start codon. These two mets, located 9 thand 11 th from the YLPP conserved aas of most PVs, should be considered as consensus initiation codons of PV L1s. Three L1proteins of MusPV starting from 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th mets expressed using baculovirus expression system were characterized for theirability to self-assemble into VLPs. While MusPV L1 proteins starting from 2 nd met expressed a L1 protein that rarely folded intoVLPs, the L1s starting from 3 rd and 4 th mets generated correct VLPs in abundant quantities. We now conclude that the highestquantity and best quality VLPs are made from the consensus L1 met of all known PVs.BiographyA. Bennett Jenson is a Board-Certifi ed human pathologist with expertise in animal models of human disease (Distinguished Professor Lectureship11 th Annual Pathology of Mouse Models of Human Disease, September 2012). He has worked with murine leukemia virus infection of NZB/NZWmice as a model for lupus erythematosus (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, CA), murine animal models for virus-induced diabetes mellitus(National Institutes of Health), and animal models for human papillomavirus induced cervical, anogenital other than cervical, and head and neckcancers at Georgetown University Medical Center (Washington DC) and University of Louisville Health Science Center (Louisville, Ky). Presently heis a Professor of Vaccinology at James Graham Cancer Center, where he is working on recombinant tobacco plant papillomavirus vaccines. He haspublished over 160 peer-reviewed articles, and 40 chapters and books.abjenson@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 55

Zelig Eshhar, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe T-body approach combining antibody specificity with T cell activity for adoptivevaccination of cancerZelig EshharThe Weizmann Institute of Science, IsraelThe “T-body” approach is based on engineered T cells expressing chimeric antibody receptor (CAR) that endows themwith antibody-type specificity to any pre-defined target antigen. We have designed the modular CAR construct so that themodified, redirected T cells will undergo activation and perform their effector or regulatory function upon encountering theirtarget. Accordingly, the CAR’s composition includes extracellular recognition domain made of a single chain variable fragment(scFv) of an antibody linked to intracellular domains of various stimulatory and co-stimulatory molecules that dictate thefunction of the transduced cells. For antitumor reactivity we constructed CARs made of scFv specific to human Her2/neu, CEAand CD24 (a cancer stem cell marker of certain adenocarcinomas such as pancreatic and colorectal ones).To optimize the antitumor effect in therapeutic settings we have treated either immunodeficient mice bearing human cancerxenografts or transgenic mice that spontaneously develop tumors expressing TAA. T-bodies effectively rejected primary as wellas disseminated tumors. Multiple systemic administrations of T-bodies were required for complete elimination of xenograftsand autologous murine tumors. Of note, single intratumoral injection was sufficient to eliminate breast, prostate cancer bonemetastases as well as colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Moreover, under certain conditions, we have established a time-windowwhich allows allogeneic T-bodies to serve as universal donors.Recently, our pioneering studies in murine models have been reproduced and applied in pilot trials to end-stage cancerpatients. Dramatic complete responses have been already reported in neuroglioma, chronic lymphocyte leukemia, and acutechild and adult B cell lymphoma patients. These trials have also reported on several treatment-related severe yet manageableside effects (mostly associated with acute ‘cytokine-storm’ and ‘tumor lysis’ syndrome, both outcomes of the vigorous antitumorresponses of the T-bodies that could eliminate a huge tumor mass within the first few weeks treatment. The dynamics of theT-body antitumor effect reflect both their built-in ability to specifically recognize the tumor, propagate and reject it and furtherdifferentiate into memory cells that keep the tumor on-check.BiographyZelig Eshhar has completed his Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute and post doctoral studies from Harvard University Medical School. He spentsabbatical years of research at DNAX Institute of Molecular Biology and Stanford University and at the National Cancer Institute at the NIH. Heserved as the Chairman of the Department of Immunology at the Weizmann Institute and holds the position of Chairman of research in ImmunologyTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and guest Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Tel Aviv University. He has published more the 210 researcharticles.zelig.eshhar@weizmann.ac.ilJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 56

Milan Raska et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANovel non-pyrogenic hydrophobized norAbuMDP and norAbuGMDP analogues forconstruction of proteoliposome vaccinesMilan Raska 1 and Jaroslav Turanek 21Palacky University, Czech Republic2Veterinary Research Institute, Czech RepublicNickel-chelating nanoliposomes represent a versatile platform for the construction of self-assembling proteoliposomevaccines. New non-pyrogenic hydrophobised norAbuMDP and norAbuGMDP analogues were incorporated intoproteoliposomes as adjuvants. Immunomodulatory activity was compared with Alum or MDP in experimental mice immunizedby intradermal route with recombinant Candida albicans Hsp90 or Borrelia burgdorferi OspC. Using ELISA determination ofantigen specific antibody isotypes we confirmed that for each of the tested norAbuMDP and norAbuGMDP derivates (MT01- MT08), substantially different Hsp90- and OspC-specific antibody titers of individual isotypes were detected. Although thestrongest antibody response was obtained after immunization with both antigens plus Alum, dominating isotype was consistentlyof IgG1 isotype. Experiments identified that some MDP analogues are optimal for the elicitation of Th1- and another ones forTh2-type of antigen-specific immune responses. For example immunization with rHsp90 with MDP analogues MT03, MT07and to a lesser extent MT06, MT05, and MT02 exhibited a high efficacy in elicitation of Hsp90-specific titers in IgG2a and IgG2bisotypes indicating Th1 polarization of the specific immune response. Furthermore MT-adjuvanted OspC proteoliposomessurpassed Alum with respect to OspC-specific titers in IgG2a, IgG2b isotypes when MT06 was used and IgG3, IgM isotypes whenMT05 was used. The Th1/Th2 polarization was consistent with IFN-γ and IL-4 production by antigen-stimulated splenocytesin ELISPOT. Furthermore MT exhibited better adjuvanticity than MDP and proved themselves as nonpyrogenic. This conceptrepresents a new promising platform for construction of recombinant vaccines. Supported by grants GAČR P304/10/1951,CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0164, Czech Republic.BiographyMilan Raska has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 35 years from Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic and postdoctoral fellowship fromUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. He is Associate Professor of immunology at Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University,Olomouc, Czech Republic. He has published more than 37 papers in reputed journals.raskamil@uab.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 57

Xueqiong Wu et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe pharmacodynamic study and safety evaluation on tuberculosis DNA vaccinesXueqiong Wu 1 , Yan Liang 1 and Zhongming Li 21The 309 th Hospital of Chinese PLA, China2Shanghai H&G Biotechnology Company, ChinaThe situation of TB and MDR-TB was severe, especially in developing countries. It is mainly due to lacking of effective vaccineand the funding to support the treatment of MDR-TB with second line anti-TB drugs. It was proved that DNA vaccine couldbe a novel and potentially powerful agent to prevent and treat disease. We have constructed various TB DNA vaccines usedplasmid pVAX1 as vector, for example, DNA vaccines expressing proliferating antigens, latency antigens, cytokines, chimericDNA vaccine (Ag85A/ESAT6, Ag85A/Ag85B) and mixed DNA vaccines. ESAT6, Ag85A, Ag85B DNA mainly elicit Th1 typeimmune responses, and MPT64 DNA elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. ESAT6, Ag85A and Ag85B DNAs hadbetter protective efficacy than MPT64 DNA. IFN-g and IL-12 DNAs can enhance the protective efficacy of MPT64 DNA. Ag85Aor Ag85A/Ag85B DNA alone or combined with RFP or PZA had better immunotherapeutic effects on drug-sensitive or MDR-TBmouse model, but Ag85A/ESAT6 DNA may cause the death of mice, which is mainly caused by hypersensitivity. The immuneresponses were enhanced in mice after vaccination intramuscularly with electroporation using Ag85A DNA. Electroporationimproved the efficiency of gene expression and the immunogenicity of DNA, and can reduce 10 times amount of DNA. 1 mg TBDNA vaccines can elicit effectively immune responses in the primate animals. The cynomolgus monkey immunized by 0.2, 1, 5mg Ag85A DNA did not find any adverse reaction. The therapeutic Ag85A DNA vaccine and the combination with anti-TB drugsare the promising and affordable strategies for the treatment of MDR-TB disease in developing countries.BiographyXueqiong Wu, M.D., Ph.D., The Director of Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, The Vice Head of Institute of TuberculosisResearch, the 309 th Hospital of Chinese PLA, China. She does research on tuberculosis (TB) in the following directions: (1) new TB vaccines (2) thenew, rapid diagnostic techniques of TB, for example, mycobacterial species identifi cation, rapid detection of M. tuberculosis and its drug resistance,risk prediction of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, rapid diagnosis of bacterium-negative TB, etc. (3) new Chinese herbal medicine.wu-xueqiong@263.netJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 58

Muhammad Ali A. Shah et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANanoparticles: The next generation delivery vehicle for DNA vaccinesMuhammad Ali A. Shah 1 and Nongyue He 1,21State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China2Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, ChinaVaccination have led to eradication of those diseases which had once claimed millions of lives worldwide; however, it isaccompanied with number of dis-advantages especially safety issues until the entry of DNA vaccines. The DNA vaccineshave been emerged as best remedy for problematic diseases being capable of producing humoral and cellular immune responsesas well as the safest vaccines so far. However, the magnitude of immune responses produced in primates is lower than thatin experimental animals. There are several reasons are described theoretically for this limited efficacy and a number of novelapproaches have been applied to boost their immune responses e.g. use of more efficient promoters and codon optimization,addition of traditional or genetic adjuvants, electroporation, intradermal delivery and various prime-boost strategies. One ofthese strategies is controlled antigen administration of plasmid DNA through microspheres and nanoparticles. This approachis accompanied with a number of advantages to overcome the limitations of traditional delivery systems in terms of stability,solubility and pharmacology. Furthermore, the surface structure of a virus highly resembles with a nanoparticle because of theirgeometrical regularities and nano-scale dimensions, therefore, the engineering of nanoparticles are based upon principles ofnatural virus attack which will be best tool for vaccine. There is evidence that these immune responses can be augmented byproperly structured nano-sized particles (nanoparticles) that may avoid DNA degradation and facilitate targeted delivery toantigen presenting cells. Adsorption, formulation or encapsulation with particles has been found to stabilize DNA formulations.The use of nanoparticles for DNA vaccine delivery is a platform technology and has been applied for delivery of a variety ofexisting and potential vaccines successfully.BiographyMuhammad Ali A. shah completed his Ph.D. from Nanjing Agricultural University, China in 2009 with specialization in fi eld of DNA vaccines.There are almost approximately 20 publications at his credit, which have been cited in more than 1,00 publications by other research groupsthroughout the world. He has co-authored one book as well. He has worked as Assistant professor and Associate professor in different universitiesof Pakistan where he has been involved in various teaching, research and administrative activities. Currently he is pursuing his Post-Doctoral studiesin Biomedical Engineering at School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China. His research interests includeimmuno-therapeutics especially DNA vaccination and Nano vaccines against Infectious agents.alishah521@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 59

Page 60

Track 44: Vaccines against Infectious Diseases and CancersSession ChairHaval ShirwanUniversity of Louisville, USADay 2 July 30, 2013Session IntroductionTitle: Live attenuated tetravalent dengue virus host range vaccine elicits immune response in Africangreen monkeysMalcolm Thomas, Arbovax Inc., USATitle: SA-4-1BBL as a Novel adjuvant for the development of therapeutic vaccinesHaval Shirwan, University of Louisville, USATitle: Vaccination with an adenoviral vector expressing calreticulin human papillomavirus 16 E7fusion protein eradicates E7 expressing established tumors in miceJorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez, University of Louisville, USATitle: Plant-derived biopharmaceuticals: Moving plant-derived antibodies and vaccines towardsclinical trialsRainer Fischer, Fraunhofer IME, GermanyTitle: Enhancing the efficacy of conventional BCG vaccineZakaria Hmama, University of British Columbia, CanadaTitle: Vaginal epithelial model for testing effectiveness of vaccines and microbicides against STIsAlwyn Rapose, Reliant Medical Group, USATitle: Potent neutralizing antibodies against CMV infection of both fibroblast and epithelial cellinfection induced using a multivalent eVLP vaccine candidateDavid E Anderson, VBI Vaccines, USATitle: Intratumoral heterogeneity and identification of tumor initiating cells (TIC) for cancervaccinationSaroj Basak, University of California Los Angeles, USATitle: Development of vero cell-based influenza H5N1 vaccinesMin Shi Lee, National Health Research Institutes, TaiwanTitle: Innovations in advanced cancer therapy: Therapeutic vaccines for chronic treatmentsGisela Gonzalez, Center of Molecular Immunology, CubaTitle: Your vaccine is served; BON APPETIT: An oral DNA carrying nanovaccine targets APC anderadicates melanoma in micePirouz Daftarian, University of Miami, USAPage 61

Malcolm E. Thomas et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USALive attenuated tetravalent dengue virus host range vaccine elicits immune response inAfrican green monkeysMalcolm E. Thomas, K. M. Smith, C. M. Briggs, C. J. Spears, M. Quiles, A. Piper, M. Ribeiro, E. Huitt, D. T. Brown and R. HernandezArbovax Inc., USADengue fever is becoming increasingly common in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world and recent outbreaksin the continental USA highlight the widespread threat to public health. Dengue virus (DV) is transmitted by mosquitoesand as distribution of these insects has expanded, so have cases of dengue fever. DV is a member of the Flavivirus family andhas 4 distinct serotypes (DV1, 2, 3 and 4). No cross protection is afforded to a heterologous serotypes following infection by anyone of the individual serotypes. In addition, the presence of antibodies to one serotype of DV can facilitate the occurrence of themore severe dengue hemorrhagic fever through immune enhancement upon infection with a second serotype. For this reason,the development of a safe, tetravalent vaccine to produce a balanced immune response to all four serotypes is absolutely critical.Arbovax employs a novel dual-function platform technology to develop safe and effective live-attenuated vaccines coupled witha low cost system of manufacture to target DV and other insect-borne viruses. Host range (HR) mutants of each DV serotypewere created by truncating the transmembrane domain of the E protein and selecting for strains of DV that replicated well ininsect but not mammalian cells. Four experimental groups (n=4 animals per group) of African green monkeys were vaccinatedwith a tetravalent DV HR vaccine in four separate injections, one into each limb. Each group was challenged with one serotype ofwild type DV. Four negative control groups (n=4 animals/group) were injected with diluents only and each group was similarlychallenged with only one serotype of wild type virus (DV1-4). No vaccine related adverse events occurred. The vaccine strainswere confirmed to be attenuated in vivo by infectious center assays. Appropriate IgG responses to each DV serotype were alsodetected by ELISA. PRNT50 revealed that all animals seroconverted 100% to DV1, 2, 3 and 4. The DV HR tetravalent vaccine wasalso able to protect animals from challenge with a virulent DV strain. Post-challenge viremia was decreased by a factor of 10 ascompared to unvaccinated animals. These DV HR mutants are good candidate vaccines that can go on to human trials. Overall,this method for the creation of live, attenuated viral vaccines that generate safe and effective immunity may be applied to manyother insect-borne viral diseases for which no current effective therapies exist.BiographyMalcolm E. Thomas is president and CEO of Arbovax, a biotechnology company commercializing a unique and innovative platform technology thatcan be used to make vaccines against insect-borne viral diseases. The company is currently working on dengue fever and chikungunya vaccines.Prior to Arbovax, he was vice president of Operations for StemCo Biomedical and before that, was Director of International Marketing for BayerBiologicals and Vice President of Pacifi c Rim Operations for Becton Dickinson Biosciences. During his tenure with Becton Dickinson as VicePresident for Asia Pacifi c he lived in Singapore for 5 years. He started his working life as a research scientist in the biochemistry department of theWellcome Research Laboratories in the UK.mthomas@arbovax.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 62

Haval Shirwan, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASA-4-1BBL as a novel adjuvant for the development of therapeutic vaccinesHaval ShirwanUniversity of Louisville, USAProtein-based subunit vaccines against cancer and infections are attractive because of their safety profile as well as rapid,cost-effective, and large-scale production. However, they are weekly immunogenic and their immunogenicity is furthercompromised by various immune evasion mechanisms employed by cancer and chronic infections. Importantly, accumulatingevidence suggests that both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines may benefit from their ability in modulating all the three armsof the immune system; innate, adaptive, and regulatory. In this context, the efficacy of subunit vaccines may require formulationsthat include adjuvants having pleiotropic effects on various cells of the immune system. We have recently generated a novel formthe 4-1BBL costimulatory molecule, SA-4-1BBL, that has robust immune stimulatory activity in soluble form and affects selectedcells of innate, adaptive, and regulatory immunity. As the adjuvant component of tumor associated antigens based subunitvaccines, SA-4-1BBL was effective in eradicating established tumors in mouse models. The therapeutic efficacy of the vaccinewas realized by the pleiotropic effects of SA-4-1BBL on various cells of the immune system, resulting in a net increase in CD8+ Teffector (Teff) cells over CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, which serve as a major barrier for the efficacy of cancervaccines. Importantly, 4-1BBL not only overcame the inhibitory function of Treg cells, but also blocked the conversion of Teff cellsinto inducted Treg cells by the tumor. These studies provide a strong rationale for further developing SA-4-1BBL costimulatorymolecule as adjuvant for the development of prophylactic/therapeutic vaccines.BiographyHaval Shirwan is Dr. Michael and Joan Hamilton Endowed Chair in Autoimmune Disease, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, director ofMolecular Immunomodulation Program at the Institute for Cellular Therapeutics. He conducted his graduate studies at the University of Californiain Santa Barbara, CA, and postdoctoral studies at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA. He joined the University of Louisville in 1998after holding academic appointments at various institutions in the United States. His research focuses on the modulation of immune system for thetreatment of immune-based diseases with particular focus on type 1 diabetes, transplantation, and vaccines. He is an inventor on 16 worldwidepatens, widely published, lectured at numerous national/international conferences, served on study sections for various federal and non-profi tfunding agencies, and is on the editorial board of 16 scientifi c journals. He is member of several national and international societies and recipientof various awards.haval.shirwan@louisville.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 63

Jorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAVaccination with an adenoviral vector expressing calreticulin human papillomavirus 16 E7fusion protein eradicates E7 expressing established tumors in miceJorge G. Gomez-GutierrezUniversity of Louisville School of Medicine, USABackground: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, particularly in developing countries.The causal association between genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer has been firmly established,and the oncogenic potential of certain HPV types has been clearly demonstrated. Vaccines targeting the oncogenic proteins E6and E7 of HPV-16 and -18 are the focus of current vaccine development. Previous studies have shown that calreticulin (CRT)enhances the MHC class I presentation of linked peptide/protein and may serve as an effective vaccination strategy for antigenspecificcancer treatment.Methods: Two replication-deficient adenoviruses, one expressing HPV-16 E7 (Ad-E7) and the other expressing CRT linked toE7 (Ad-CRT/E7), were assessed for their ability to induce cellular immune response and tested for prophylactic and therapeuticeffects in an E7-expressing mouse tumor model.Results: Vaccination with Ad-CRT/E7 led to a dramatic increase in E7-specific T cell proliferation, interferon (INF)--secretion,and cytotoxic activity. Immunization of mice with Ad-CRT/E7 was effective in preventing E7-expressing tumor growth, as wellas eradicating established tumors with long-term immunological memory.Conclusion: Vaccination with an adenoviral vector expressing CRT-E7 fusion protein represents an effective strategy forimmunotherapy of cervical cancer in rodents, with possible therapeutic potential in clinical settings.BiographyJorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 30 years from Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico and postdoctoralstudies from University of Louisville School of Medicine. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology atUofL. He has published 13 papers and has received several awards in Mexico and USA.jgguti01@louisville.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 64

Rainer Fischer, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPlant-derived biopharmaceuticals: Moving plant-derived antibodies and vaccines towardsclinical trialsRainer FischerFraunhofer IME, GermanyThe development of recombinant antibodies and vaccines has allowed us to treat and prevent a large number of life-threateningdiseases. However, as things stand in 2013, the capacity and scalability of current production systems is beginning to placelimitations on this crucial technology. The large-scale production of antibodies, vaccines and other pharmaceutical recombinantproteins is restricted by the industry’s current reliance on fermentation technology, particularly the culture of mammalian cells.This expensive and time-consuming production platform is preventing the distribution of recombinant protein drugs to those mostin need. One way in which the above limitations can be addressed is through the use of plants and plant-based expression systemsfor recombinant pharmaceutical protein production. The economic production of plant-based pharmaceuticals depends onsatisfactory yields and product quality. This presentation will discuss the latest development in antibody and vaccine developmentand their production by molecular farming, focusing particularly on strategies to maximize protein yields during upstreamproduction and optimize protein recovery in the downstream processing steps. Such strategies often involve careful considerationof how the protein is expressed and targeted within the plant cell, a factor which affects yield, stability, quality and ease ofisolation. Our long-term objective is to ensure that next generation of plantbased production systems for recombinant proteinswill create the opportunity to deliver antibodies, vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals beyond the industrialized nations andinto the developing world. Two case studies will be presented: HIV antibodies were chosen to undergo fast-track development,including risk assessment, expression in tobacco and maize, scale-up, downstream processing and regulatory development, withthe aim of initiating clinical trials. In addition use of engineered plant cells that produce animal and human vaccines will bediscussed. Pharma-Planta is an EU Sixth Framework Integrated Project whose primary goal is to develop an approved productionpipeline for plant-derived pharmaceutical proteins (PDPs). Although previous research has provided proof of the PDP concept,Pharma-Planta aims to develop an entire production chain by taking candidate pharmaceutical molecules from the expressionplatform through all stages of production and processing, ultimately to initiate phase I human trials in Europe. The Pharma-PlantaConsortium currently comprises 40 interacting groups representing 33 public institutes and SMEs from 11 European MemberStates and South Africa. At the beginning of the project, eight target molecules were chosen representing four key indicationareas including HIV. From these molecules, two HIV antibodies were chosen to undergo fast-track development, which wouldinclude risk assessment, cloning, expression and optimization of production in plants, scale-up, downstream processing andregulatory development, with the aim of submitting at least one of them for clinical trials within the five years of the program.Two HIV neutralizing antibodies have been expressed successfully in the two main production crops being developed within theconsortium - maize and tobacco. One of these antibodies, 2G12, has been expressed at levels up greater than 100 mg per kg ofplant material. The plant-derived antibodies remain stable and functional and retain their neutralizing activity. The consortiumhas investigated novel upscaling and downstream processing strategies to provide multiple grams clinical grade antibody materialfor human clinical trials. Preclinical trials in rabbits have been completed successfully and we also conducted successfully a phaseI clinical trial in the UK. This work will now be moved forward for a phase IIa clinical trial which is funded by an AdvancedERC grant from the European Commission. We have also developed an interesting multi-stage malaria vaccine and neutralizingcandidate and will discuss how both products have matured over the years both in performance and in manufacturing with theaim in mind to bring these two products into translational research within the next 12 - 18 months.BiographyRainer Fischer is currently department head of the Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (RWTH Aachen, Germany, 70 employees) and seniorexecutive director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (500 employees including the Fraunhofer US CMB andFraunhofer Chile Research). His expertise covers many areas of molecular biotechnology including genomics, proteomics, cellomics, proteinengineering, molecular medicine, immunology, virology, plant biotechnology, as well as the production and purifi cation of recombinant proteins,secondary metabolites and plant derived polymers. Over the past 12 years, Prof. Fischer has established the Fraunhofer IME in Aachen, Germany,its subsidiary the Fraunhofer CMB in Newark, DE, USA, in Giessen and most recently the Fraunhofer Center for Systems Biotechnology in Chile, aswell as the Institute for Molecular Biotechnology at the Technical University (RWTH) Aachen. Together with his team he has raised over 300 millionEuros in funding for Fraunhofer in Germany, more than 150 million USD in the US and Chile and over 30 million Euros for RWTH Aachen University.Since the year 2000, more than 70 Ph.D., 140 master & diploma students and 70 bachelor students have graduated from the institutes led by Prof.Fischer. Furthermore, he has given over 350 scientifi c presentations, written over 200 peer reviewed scientifi c publications and published morethan 45 book chapters. His papers have been cited more than 9.000 times and his H-factor is 50. Additionally, he holds over 27 pending patentapplications and 35 granted patents. He is the cofounder of fi ve biotech start-ups.rainer.fi scher@ime.fraunhofer.deJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 65

Zakaria Hmama, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEnhancing the efficacy of conventional BCG vaccineZakaria HmamaUniversity of British Columbia, CanadaThe need for an efficacious control of the spread of tuberculosis (TB) disease is urgent and not restricted to the developingworld. Protective vaccination is the best and most cost-effective option to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. However,efficacy of the only available TB vaccine (derived from the non-pathogenic mycobacterium M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin,or BCG) varies from 0 to 80% in different populations, with a consistently low efficacy in parts of the world where TB control isthe most needed. Although the BCG vaccine is generally safe and rarely induces disease in human, it appears to mimic virulentM. tuberculosis (Mtb) strains in their capacity to inhibit macrophage (MØ) functions that initiate adaptive immune response.Our investigations have revealed that MØ infection with conventional BCG down-modulates surface expression of mature MHCclass II molecules by mechanisms that are in part dependent on the inhibition of Cathepsin S (CatS) expression, a cysteineprotease that is required for normal processing and maturation of MHC class II molecules in MØ. BCG also significantly blocksphagosome biogenesis, which is a prerequisite for Ag processing. Therefore inhibition of antigen presenting cell functions may, atleast partially, explain its failure to induce efficient immunity to TB. We believe that removing the inhibitory effects could improvethe current BCG vaccine. Overcoming even one aspect of MØ activation may improve BCG immunogenicity enough to enhanceits protective efficacy. Therefore, we cloned and expressed a secreted form of human active CatS (huCatS) in BCG to generate anovel BCG-derived vaccine. Our in vitro investigations demonstrated that infection with rBCG-huCatS (i) restores normal levelsof MØ CatS, (ii) induces phagosome-lysosome fusion and apoptosis and (iii) restores the expression of mature class II moleculesas well as their capacity to present mycobacterial Ag to specific CD4 T cells. More recently, we generated a second recombinantBCG expressing a stable chromosomal copy of active CatS (rBCG-muCatS) to examine the efficacy of BCG expressing CatS inthe mouse model. Preliminary experiments showed a significant decrease in the number of virulent Mtb in the lung of vaccinatedanimals. Such findings were consistent with concomitant observations that CatS also stimulates the MHC class I pathway in cellsinfected with mycobacteria.BiographyZakaria Hmama received a Ph.D. degree from the University Claude Bernard (Lyon, France) in 1993. He is currently Associate Professor at theUniversity of British Columbia (Department of Medicine) and holds a Scholarship Award from the Michael Smith Foundation of Health Research.Ongoing research in Zakaria’s lab focuses on developing novel gene manipulation technologies to upgrade the current BCG vaccine in order tomaximize the induction of protective TB immunity. Of equal importance to the vaccine project, a biology-based study of Mtb persistence has revealedimportant virulence factors that represent attractive drug targets that could be used for TB treatment.hmama@mail.ubc.caJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 66

Alwyn Rapose, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAVaginal epithelial model for testing effectiveness of vaccines and microbicides against STIsAlwyn RaposeReliant Medical Group, USAThe Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates an annual incidence of 6.2 million new cases of HPV and 1.6 million newcases of HSV in the USA. Additionally, there are a large number of new cases of chlamydia, trichomoniasis and othersexually transmitted infections (STIs) each year, resulting in nearly 16 billion dollars in medical costs. Females are affecteddisproportionately more both in terms of numbers and complications of STIs.Vaccination against some strains of HPV is now available, while research into vaccines and microbicides against other STIsincluding HIV is on-going. Protection against STIs includes acquired immunity as seen after vaccination, but more importantly,innate immunity by local barrier function of the genital epithelium. Unfortunately the effectiveness of potential vaccines andother agents at the molecular level of the genital mucosa is difficult to study in human subjects.An ex vivo culture model has been developed to reflect the human vaginal epithelium. At day 10 of culture, we have a 10-12layer thick polarized tissue that histologically as well as by electron microscopy very closely mimics human vaginal epithelium. Itis replenishable, consistently reproducible, and supports limited colonization of bacterial flora.This tissue serves as an excellent platform for evaluating innate (barrier function) as well as acquired (after treatment withvaccine and microbicide formulations) immune function of the human genital mucosa which is the site of entry for STIs.BiographyAlwyn Rapose obtained his doctorate in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology from King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India.Thereafter he obtained his M.D. in Internal Medicine from St. Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, followed by a fellowship in infectiousdiseases at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA. During this time, he was a recipient of the NIH/NIAID supportedUTMB postdoctoral research grant in Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases. He is board certifi ed in both infectious diseases and internalmedicine. He is presently Assistant Professor of clinical medicine at the University of Massachusetts, USA and practices as consultant in infectiousdiseases at the Reliant Medical Group and St. Vincent Hospital in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.alwyn.rapose@reliantmedicalgroup.orgJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 67

David E. Anderson, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPotent neutralizing antibodies against CMV infection of both fibroblast and epithelial cellinfection induced using a multivalent eVLP vaccine candidateDavid E. AndersonVBI Vaccines, USABackground: A prophylactic vaccine to prevent congenital transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the highest public healthvaccine priority for which a vaccine is currently lacking. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies againstCMV confer significant efficacy, of which gB is a major target. However, one shortcoming of past vaccines that targeted only thegB glycoprotein was a failure to induce high titer neutralizing antibody responses that could prevent infection of epithelial cells;live attenuated and adjuvanted recombinant gB vaccines tested in clinical trials induced titers approximately 20-fold below levelsassociated with natural immunity.Methods: Using an enveloped virus-like-particle (eVLP) technology in which particles are produced in vitro after expressionof MLV Gag protein, we have developed a multivalent vaccine that targets the gB protein as well as the gH protein, part of apentameric complex associated with epithelial cell entry. The eVLPs can be produced in a variety of mammalian cell types, withcurrent production in a GMP-suitable CHO cell line.Results: Electron microscopy (negative staining and immunogold surface labeling) after tangential flow filtration and anionexchange chromatography has confirmed particle structure after purification and surface antigen localization, with antigendensity quantified by ELISA. Immunization of balb/c mice with recombinant gB or the same dose of gB presented in eVLPsdemonstrates much stronger (~10X) neutralizing antibody responses induced with the eVLPs, which is associated with a strongTh1 response. Immunization of rabbits with our clinical candidate, comprised of gB and gH eVLPs absorbed to alum, hasdemonstrated significant neutralizing antibody responses within 2 weeks of the first immunization; titers 2 weeks after the secondimmunization are greater or comparable to that of natural immunity in fibroblast and epithelial cells, respectively.Conclusions: Combined use of eVLP delivery and CMV antigens in addition to gB represents a potent and safe approach to CMVvaccine development.BiographyDavid E. Anderson is a co-founder of VBI Vaccines, a vaccine development company dedicated to innovative formulation, development & delivery ofvaccines that expand coverage and enhance protection in both established and emerging markets. He currently serves as Vice President, Research,and is actively involved in management of preclinical research efforts and for building and protecting VBI’s intellectual property. Prior to joining VBI,He served as a consultant to the company while directing academic research as an Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School. At Harvard, hedeveloped a multi-disciplinary research program focused on elucidating mechanisms by which infl ammation is regulated within the central nervoussystem, with relevance to a variety of human neurodegenerative diseases, including brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Heis a highly published investigator, appearing as primary author on studies appearing in the most prestigious scientifi c journals, including Nature andScience. He has been invited to give lectures at international conferences in the United States and abroad. He completed his undergraduate studiesat the University of California, Davis and received a Ph.D. in Immunology from Harvard University.danderson@variationbiotech.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 68

Saroj Basak, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAIntratumoral heterogeneity and identification of tumor initiating cells (tic) for cancervaccinationSaroj BasakUniversity of California, USACancer vaccination strategies require vaccination against cancer antigens that are expressed on tumor cells. However, withthe recognition that most cancer consists of heterogeneous tumor cells that expresses different markers and antigens duringcancer progression it has become imperative to identify the tumor cells that are responsible for cancer initiation and progressionand target these cells for effective vaccination against cancer. These cells are also known as Tumor Initiating Cells (TIC) or CancerStem Cells (CSC) and our laboratory is involved in identifying these cells and developing immunotherapy strategy against themfor cancer vaccination.Our studies with advance stage lung cancer bio-specimens from Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) patients have indicatedthat tumor cell heterogeneity exists in terms of cell surface markers expression (CD44, CD166, cMET, MDR1, uPAR) andmolecular markers associated with TIC/CSC (BMI-1, hTERT, EZH2, OCT-4). These primary tumor cells express the CD44surface marker on most of the tumor cells (75-95%). However, the intensity of CD44 surface marker expression varies andcells can be identified and sorted as high CD44 (CD44 hi) and low CD44 (CD44 lo) expressing cells. The CD44 hicells are moreefficient in forming soft agar colonies (1.5-2.5 times), are more tumorigenic in NOD/SCID (IL-2 null) mice and express high levelof specific TIC/CSC molecular markers than CD44 locells. The CD44 hicells have significantly lower miR-34a than CD44 locellsand introduction of miR-34a resulted in 80-95% reduction of soft agar colonies. The cells were also evaluated for adenoviral entryreceptors (CAR, avb3, avb5) for consideration of targeted gene-therapy. Remarkably, over 80% of the CD44 cells co-express CARand av5, but not av3. These cells undergo apoptosis by UV radiation and can also be efficiently loaded on human dendritic cells(DC) for efficient delivery to the immune system.BiographySaroj Basak is involved with vaccination research and translational cancer therapy at UCLA. His research works involve development ofimmunotherapy and gene therapy strategies against cancer using viral vectors (adenovirus, helper-dependent adenovirus, lentivirus) and dendriticcells mediated immunotherapy. He has numerous publications and has received several grants for improvement of vaccination strategies for cancer.He is an expert in pre clinical studies; animal model development using primary cancer cells, dendritic cells mediated vaccination and therapy.Currently his laboratory is involved with identifying and characterizing cancer initiating cells and development of targeted therapy and vaccinationstrategies against these cells. His laboratory is also involved in evaluating the effect of biologics and natural products in overcoming drug resistancein cancer.sbasak@mednet.ucla.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 69

Min Shi Lee, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADevelopment of Vero cell-based influenza H5N1 vaccinesMin Shi LeeNational Health Research Institutes (NHRI), TaiwanCurrent egg-based influenza vaccine production technology is labor-intensive and lack of flexibility. Moreover, its capacitywould not be able to meet the demand during influenza pandemics. This was illustrated in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic whereonly 22% of expected doses were supplied within the first 6 months after the pandemic was declared. Therefore, cell-basedtechnology is becoming attractive for production of pandemic influenza vaccines. Two cell lines, MDCK and Vero cells arecurrently used for manufacturing human influenza vaccines. MDCK cells can only be used for manufacturing influenza vaccines.In contrast, Vero cells have been widely used for the production of human vaccines. The current WHO-recommended influenzaH5N1 clade-1 vaccine strain (NIBRG-14), a reassortant virus between A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) virus and egg-adaptedhigh-growth A/PR/8/1934 virus, could grow efficiently in eggs and MDCK cells but not Vero cells. Therefore, we first adaptedthe egg-derived NIBRG-14 in Vero cells to become a Vero cell-adapted high-growth H5N1 vaccine virus (Vero-15), which couldreach high virus titer (>10 8 TCID50/ml) in Vero cells in multiple culture systems including T flasks, mirocarriers and TideCellcultures. Then, we established reverse genetics platform to generate high-growth reassortant H5N1 clade-2 viruses using theVero-15 virus as a master donor virus. In conclusion, the Vero-15 H5N1 vaccine virus has the commercial potential to become aseed virus for manufacturing H5N1 vaccines. In addition, the Vero-15 H5N1 vaccine virus could become a mater donor virus togenerate seed viruses for other influenza A subtypes.BiographyMin Shi Lee obtained his Ph.D. from Oxford University. He joined National Health Research Institutes as an Associate Investigator in 2005. Before that,he was Epidemiologist and scientist at MedImmune Vaccines, California, USA. He has won numerous awards, including National Innovation Award fromInstitute for Biotechnology and Medicine Industry and Outstanding Young Investigators Research Award from National Health Research Institute. Hisresearch interests include epidemiology of infectious diseases and development of influenza and enterovirus 71 vaccines. He has co-authored over 40original research articles and technology reports. Besides, he is a reviewer for several international journals.minshi@nhri.org.twJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 70

Gisela Gonzalez, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAInnovations in advanced cancer therapy: Therapeutic vaccines for chronic treatmentsGisela GonzalezCenter of Molecular Immunology, CubaThe impact of biotechnology in cancer therapy has been given by its possibilities for generation of novel biological products,characterized by:• high specificity• low toxicity (compatible with good quality of life)• possibility of being used chronically• possibility of being used in combinationsThe clinical course of a neoplastic disease goes through different clinical stages. If the disease is diagnosed in an earlystage, the patient receives attack treatment consisting in surgery, chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy. Some patients may havea complete or partial remission, but others may have an initial response followed by a disease relapse or simply progressionafter attack treatments. In this moment, patients receive first and/or second line treatments for advanced disease. Again, someresponses can be expected, but relapse can occur and then patients are considered in ¨terminal disease¨ stage, with progressivedisease after receiving all available onco-specific drugs. The term ¨terminal disease¨, doesn´t mean that the patient will dieimmediately, but that there are no other available therapies for treatment of the tumor, mainly because onco-specific drugstoxicity impairs patient conditions.The issue is to keep this advanced cancer patient´s alive, with a good quality of life, by applying non toxic treatments thatcan be given chronically. This is a change in the paradigm of cancer therapy that could mean to convert advanced cancer ina chronic disease which cannot be cured, but controlled for long periods of time with good quality of life for the patients.Therapeutic vaccines are novel tools for treating advanced cancer chronically. They are non toxic and its expected clinical effect isto increase patient´s survival with a good quality of life. Several cancer vaccines are in clinical testing. Here we are going to referto CIMAvaxEGF, an EGF based cancer vaccine, designed to provoke specific anti-EGF antibodies that ¨castrate¨ circulating EGFavoiding its further binding to the EGF receptor, and then, the unchain of proliferation mechanisms derived from this ligand/receptor binding. During its clinical development, has been demonstrated its efficacy in improving survival in advanced nonsmallcell lung cancer patients, as well as a high safety profile. The feasibility of giving long term treatments with CIMAvaxEGFhas also been demonstrated, opening the possibility of treating advanced lung cancer as a chronic disease.giselagm2007@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 71

Pirouz Daftarian, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAYour vaccine is served; BON APPETIT: An oral DNA carrying nanovaccine targets APCand eradicates melanoma in micePirouz DaftarianUniversity of Miami, USACurrently, one the most promising vaccine strategy that shows promise in treating cancers consists of personalized dendriticcells (DCs) loaded with antigens. The universal benefits of such cell based vaccines are limited as they are costly and requirespecialized techniques. Here, we present the use of a nanocarrier that carries antigens and targets predominantly DCs, in vivo, hasintrinsic immunopotentiating effects, and works orally. The platform, peptide-derivatized-dendrimer (PDD) where the coupledpeptide is an MHC class II ligand to home onto professional antigen presenting cells (APC). PDD has a positive net charge andtherefore forms a complex with antigens (protein or DNA plasmids). Furthermore, since a universal T helper epitope is tailoredas APC recognition peptide, PDD significantly enhances immune responses. The built-in universal T epitope has two roles inPDD, i) targets the flank of MHC class II of and ii) activate the immune system of >95% of the human population, negatingMHC restriction. Analysis of peritoneal cells and of the draining lymph nodes upon injection of PDD/GFP-DNA complex inmice resulted in GFP expression in >80 of APC. Injection of PDD/TRP2 DNA (plasmids harboring TRP2 complexed with PDD)resulted in the rejection of established B16 melanoma tumors. Next, the oral enteric coated PDD formulation was optimized andone administration of oral formulation of PDD/OVA-DNA could reject OVA/B16 melanoma tumors in 100% of vaccinated mice.Interestingly, oral PDD elicited strong T cell and humoral responses upon a single oral gavage.pdaftarian@med.miami.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 72

Young Research ForumSession ChairPeter L NaraBiological Mimetics, Inc., USADay 2 July 30, 2013Session IntroductionTitle: Promising horizons: Physicians as HPV vaccine advocatesSana Shahram, University of British Columbia, CanadaTitle: Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Ebola glycoproteinsHumberto Hernandez, University of Texas Medical Branch, USATitle: Peptide/IFA emulsions limit tumor-specific CD8+ T cells tumor traffickingYared Hailemichael, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, USATitle: Tetravalent protein vaccine against Staphylococcus aureusNisha Nair, Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, IndiaTitle: 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus-like particle vaccine efficacyFu Shi Quan, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, KoreaTitle: RNAi-based characterisation of tegument annexin as a novel vaccine candidate againstschistosomiasisYee Leow, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, AustraliaTitle: DNA vaccine encoding Hantavirus Gn, targeted to the MHC class II compartment by LAMP,significantly elicits specific immune responses and induces immune protection againstHantavirus challenge in vivoDongbo Jiang, The Fourth Military Medical University, P.R.ChinaTitle: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole-virion chromatographic vaccine withaluminum against influenza A (H1N1) pdm09: A randomized, blinded, dose-dependentplacebo-controlled clinical studyKaissar Tabynov, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, KazakhstanTitle: Effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing tuberculosisAhtisham Ul Haq, Service Institue of Medical Sciences, PakistanTitle: Immunomodulatory functions of defensins, innate molecules, as mucosal adjuvant with thepeptide antigens of HIV-1 at the mucosal surfacesTeena Mohan, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, IndiaPage 73

Sana Shahram, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPromising horizons: Physicians as HPV vaccine advocatesSana ShahramUniversity of British Columbia, CanadaIn an effort to increase uptake and acceptance of a publically-funded school-based HPV vaccination program in BritishColumbia, general practitioners in Oncology (GPO’s) in British Columbia (BC), were surveyed to identify potentialopportunities to involve them as public advocates for the program. Family physicians are one of parents’ most trusted sourcesof information regarding their children's health. GPOs, or a general practitioner who provides oncology care in a primary caresetting, are particularly well suited to serving as HPV vaccine advocates since as general practitioners they are parents’ likelysource for information about the vaccine. Additionally, as physicians who treat cervical cancer, their intimate knowledge aboutthe morbidity and mortality associated with it, makes them particularly passionate about the vaccine, and the prevention ofthe disease. 42 GPO’s in BC completed a mailed or online survey regarding their current practices, knowledge, and resourceneeds concerning HPV, the vaccine, and the HPV immunization program, and their willingness to be contacted to participatein stated public HPV vaccine supporter activities. The survey found that 42% of surveyed GPOs were willing to act as publicsupporters of the HPV vaccine. The survey also identified education needs among GPOs concerning HPV, the vaccine, and theHPV immunization program in BC. This study found that GPOs in BC are willing to publicly support the HPV immunizationprogram and that involving physicians in the promotion of public health programs is a viable option that should be furtherexplored and evaluated.BiographySana Shahram is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of British Columbia (UBC), in Kelowna, BC, Canada. Herresearch focuses on issues of maternal health among vulnerable populations. She holds a master’s in Public Health from Tufts School of Medicinein Boston, with a concentration in Health Communications as well as a B.Sc. (Cell biology/Genetics) and B.A. (English Literature) from UBC inVancouver. She also currently works as a Research Coordinator for UBC’s Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, based out of BC Women’sHospital in Vancouver, Canada.sanashahram@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 74

Humberto Hernandez et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAProduction and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Ebola glycoproteinsHumberto Hernandez 1 , V. Borisevich 1 , C. Marceau 2 , A. Marzi 2 , H. Feldmann 2 and B. Rockx 11University of Texas Medical Branch, USA2National Institutes Health, MTEbolavirus hemorrhagic fever is a severe, often-fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates, with a case fatality rate of upto 90%. There is currently no vaccine or therapeutic against Ebolavirus approved for use in humans. There are five identifiedspecies of Ebolavirus that include Bundibugyo, Ivory Coast, Reston, Sudan and Zaire and limited cross-protection is observedbetween these 5 Ebolavirus species. One of the key steps in any virus infection occurs when a virus binds to and enters a cell. TheEbolavirus glycoprotein mediates viral attachment and entry into host cells. Based on sequence homology between virus strains,we hypothesize that conserved epitopes are present on the Ebolavirus glycoprotein of all known species that can be targeted bymonoclonal antibodies. We tested this hypothesis by generating monoclonal antibody producing hybridomas from splenocytes ofBalb/c mice vaccinated against Zaire Ebolavirus glycoproteins and boosted with Sudan Ebolavirus GP. ELISA was used to identifymonoclonal antibodies that reacted with the GP of all known Ebolavirus species. In an effort to map these conserved epitopes, weperformed Western blots to determine whether these antibodies recognized conformational or linear epitopes, and used phagedisplay libraries and sequence analysis to map the epitopes onto the structure of the Ebolavirus GP. The monoclonal antibodiesproduced in this study can be used to further our understanding of mechanisms of filovirus cross-reactivity and develop broadreactivediagnostics for ebolaviruses.BiographyHumberto Hernandez completed B.S. in Biology at Lamar University. He is currently part of the Post-Baccalaureate Research Education Program(PREP) at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). Humberto Hernandez has won several awards including Burroughs Welcome FundTravel Award for the ASM National Meeting, travel scholarship, best poster, and presentation award at SACNAS National Conference, and travelaward winner for predoctoral poster presentation at the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity (IHII)/ James W. McLaughlin Colloquium atUTMB. He will start his Ph.D. at University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, TX in August.huhernan@UTMB.EDUJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 75

Yared Hailemichael et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPeptide/IFA emulsions limit tumor-specific CD8+ T cells tumor traffickingYared Hailemichael, Dai Zhimin, Nina Jaffarzad and Willem OverwijkThe UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, USAImmune responses in mice vaccinated with gp100 melanoma peptide in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) studied, commonlyused vaccine adjuvant for the experimental treatment of patients with cancer.A major obstacle to therapeutic anti-cancer vaccination is that vaccine-activated killer T cells can eventually lose theirtumor-killing function and thus become unable to ion site and the vaccine draining lymph node, never reaching the tumor.T cell apoptosis at the vaccination site was IFN- and FasL driven. By providing immunostimulatory CD40-specific antibody,Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and interleukin-2 (IL-2) (together referred as covax), T cell death was reduced, howeverT cell accumulation continued at the vaccination site. Replacing the non-biodegradable IFA formulation with a saline-based,biodegradable formulation allowed the T cells to leave the vaccination site and traffic toward tumors, causing their regression.Saline-based vaccination induced preferential T cell localization and tissue destruction at the tumor site, whereas IFA-basedvaccination induced the reverse pattern of T cell sequestration, local tissue destruction and killing of normal gp100+ pigmentcells (vitiligo) at the vaccination site.BiographyYared Hailemichael earned his Ph.D. at Texas A&M University and is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas MD Anderson CancerCenter, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology. He is a recipient of many awards and member of various national immunology and cancerresearch societies. He has published more than 12 research articles in peer-reviewed journals including his latest fi rst-authored paper in NatureMedicine.yhailemi@mdanderson.orgJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 76

Nisha Nair et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USATetravalent protein vaccine against Staphylococcus aureusNisha Nair and Raja BiswasAmrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, IndiaStaphylococcus aureus causes wide range of diseases from minor infections to life-threatening sepsis, endocarditis, andpneumonia. Several antigens have been identified so far as vaccine that, either alone or in combination have the ability toreduce S. aureus (including multi drug resistant strains) colonization in animal models but with little success. Here we exploredthe possibility of designing a vaccine based on non-covalently surface associated proteins (NCSPs) of S. aureus. The known NCSPs[GM, Aaa, LytM, IsaB, SEM, SsA, Amidase(AM), LytR, LytN ,and SAV-1056] were cloned and expressed in E. coli as N-terminalhistidine tagged protein and purified using Ni-NTA chromatography. The antigenicity of these proteins was tested against serafrom S. aureus infected mice using ELISA and immunogenicity tested using mice splenocyte proliferation assay. All the NCSPswere antigenic and immunogenic; however the degree differed among NCSPs. The shortlisted proteins, with high homology scoreacross different S. aureus strains, were used for vaccination study in BALB/c mice. The selected proteins were found to trigger Th1response in splenocyte proliferation assay. Upon vaccination with a cocktail of NSCPs in BALB/c mice, we observed that all thevaccinated mice survived till the 9 th day, and 6 survived till day 14 (75% survival). Only 1 out of 8 non-vaccinated mice survivedafter lethal challenge with S. aureus. There was 6-7 fold reduction in the bacterial load in internal organs of vaccinated mice. Thesera of the vaccinated mice were capable of inducing opsonophagocytosis of S. aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.BiographyNisha Nair is currently undergoing her Ph.D. program in the fi eld of Infectious Diseases at Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine,AIMS, Kochi. She has been awarded with senior research fellowship by Indian Council of Medical Research, India. She has two second authorpublications to her credit and her main work yet to be published.nishan@aims.amrita.edu;nishaaa.n@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 77

Fu Shi Quan, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus-like particle vaccine efficacyFu Shi QuanDepartment of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 130-7012009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine containing HA and M1 proteins derived from theA A/California/04/2009 virus was generated. The VLP vaccine efficacy was investigated for efficacy against homologous,heterogous and heterosubtypic influenza viruses in mice. A single intramuscular vaccination provided complete protection againsthomologous A/California/04/2009 viruses with no virus detected in lungs. For cross protective efficacy against antigenicallydistant H1N1 viruses, intramuscularly immunized mice were challenged with lethal dose of A/PR8/34 or A/Caledonia/99viruses after a 2 nd boost. Mice showed 100% protection against both viruses. Better cross protection against A/PR8/34 virusthan A/Caledonia/20/99 was characterized by lower lung virus titers, less body weight loss, and higher cross reactive recall IgGantibody secreting cell responses. For heterosubtypic immunity, intranasally immunized mice were challenged with lethal dosesof H3N2 viruses. Mice showed 100% survival with 10% to 16% body weight losses respectively against A/Philippine/82 or A/Hong Kong/68 challenge, whereas all naive control mice died. Mice showed higher cross reactive lung IgG and IgA responsesafter H3N2 virus challenges. These results indicate that VLPs can be developed as an effective vaccine which can confer protectionagainst homologous, heterogous and heterosubtypic influenza viruses.BiographyFu Shi Quan received her Ph.D. degree at Korea University Seoul, Korea and had postdoctoral training in the laboratory of Professor Richard W.Compans (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, GA, USA). She has spent most of her scientifi c careerin Dr. Compans’ lab studying virus-like particle vaccines. Currently, she is a Professor at Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, where her focusis the development of VLP protective vaccines against infl uenza and a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). She is recognized as an expert in infl uenzaVLP vaccine research and the development of related mouse models.fquan01@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 78

Leow Yee et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARNAi-based characterisation of tegument annexin as a novel vaccine candidate againtschistosomiasisLeow Yee 1,2,5 , Willis C. 1 , Loukas A. 3 , Hofmann A. 4 and Jones M. 1,21Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia2The University of Queensland, Australia3James Cook University, Singapore4Griffith University, Australia5Universiti Sains Malaysia, MalaysiaEfforts to develop potential vaccines against schistosomes have focused on the identification of parasite surface antigens whichcan trigger protective immunity in the host. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) was applied to investigate the genefunction of tegument-associated annexins in S. mansoni. Expression of five annexin genes was found to be up-regulated upontransition from cercariae to schistosomula and adult worms. Silencing of annexins was facilitated by electroporation with targetspecific-dsRNAthen the isolated RNA was quantified for gene expression. Gene expression for adult parasites and schistosomulatreated with annexin-specific-dsRNA resulted in 80-96% and 87-95% reduction in transcription levels, respectively. Silencingof each annexin did not affect the parasite survival rate but conversely reduced their growth size and motility significantly atschistosomula and adult stages. Anx(Sm)3 was selected and engineered to be a recombinant chimeric peptide (rChimeric-AT) harbouring the linker region of Anx(Sm)3 and Sm-TSP-2. HLA-DR binding prediction showed that Anx(Sm)3 linker andChimeric-AT were capable to bind with 11 alleles (21.6%) and 20 alleles (49%), respectively. Sera from mice infected with S.mansoni reacted strongly with synthetic Anx(Sm)3 linker peptide and rChimeric-AT, showing that they are both immunogenic.rChimeric-AT delivered in alum induced high IgG1/IgG2a ratio, implying Th2 type response was dominant. Mice vaccinated withrChimeric-AT showed 40.4% significant reduction in intestinal egg burden as compared to the control group. Taken together, ourresults show that rChimeric-AT conferred a high level of antibody production and suggests this multi-antigen construct wouldbe a potential vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis.BiographyLeow Yee obtained his B.Sc. (Honours) and M.Sc. in Biotechnology from Universiti Sains Malaysia. Since 2006, he has been working as a Lecturerin a Malaysian government institution. In 2009, he accepted a scholarship under ASTS Fellowship from Universiti Sains Malaysia to pursue hisdoctorate degree in Vaccinology in University of Queensland under the supervision of A/Prof. Malcolm Jones. His research focus is on investigatingthe potential vaccines targeting against schistosomes. In 2011, he was awarded an Edward Jenner Ph.D. scholarship through Australian Centre forVaccine Development.yee.leow@qimr.edu.auJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 79

Dongbo Jiang et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADNA vaccine encoding Hantavirus Gn, targeted to the MHC class II compartment byLAMP, significantly elicits specific immune responses and induces immune protectionagainst Hantavirus challenge in vivoDongbo Jiang, Yuanjie Sun, Linfeng Cheng, Chen Dong, Kuocheng Yan, Fanglin Zhang and Kun YangThe Fourth Military Medical University, P. R. ChinaLysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) can target and bind the endosome/lysosome, one of the most importantcomponents of the MHC class II-processing compartment (MIIC) in the exogenous antigen-processing pathway. LAMPtargeting could greatly enhance the immune response against a number of antigens and DNA plasmids encoding endogenousantigen could take advantage of LAMP and be carried directly into MIIC. Hantavirus glycoprotein N-terminal, named Gn,could induce neutralizing antibody production with a low serum titer as natural infection. To analyze the influence of LAMP onHantaan virus (HTNV) Gn vaccine potency and develop a novel effective vaccine against HTNV, we constructed three eukaryoticvectors as naked DNA vaccine named pVAX-Gn, pVAX-LAMP and pVAX-LAMP/Gn, respectively. Balb/c mice were immunizedwith those plasmids, the specific humoral and cellular responses elicited against HTNV Gn were measured by ELISA, cytotoxicityassays, cytokine release (IFN-γ and IL-4) and ELISPOT assay. To measure the protective efficacy, virus challenging in vivo andneutralizing antibody valence were conducted by viral load detection (qRT-PCR and sandwich ELISA) and the cell microcultureneutralization test. We found that HTNV Gn showed a strong immunogenicity to elicit both humoral and cellular responses withLAMP as a chimera. Results of protection assay in vivo indicated that the immune response established was HTNV specific andprotective. These findings not only demonstrate that the LAMP as a trafficking molecule can introduce Gn to MHCII presentingpathway and significantly enhance HTNV specific immune response, but also suggest that the pVAX-LAMP/Gn as a DNAvaccine has potential application on clinic for HTNV infection immunoprophylaxis.Keywords: Gene vaccine, Hantaan Virus Gn, lysosome associated membrane protein, major histocompatibility complex IIcompartment, immune protectionAbbreviations: HTNV, Hantaan virus; Gn, Glycoprotein N-terminal; LAMP, lysosome associated membrane protein; ELISpot,enzyme-linked immunospot assay; APCs, antigen-presenting cells; MHC, the major histocompatibility complex; MIIC, MHCclass II processing compartments; pVAX-LAMP/Gn, pVAX-LAMP HTNV Gn construct; pVAX-Gn, pVAX-HTNV Gn construct;PVAX-LAMP construct; HFRS, haemorrhagic fever of renal syndrome.BiographyDongbo Jiang is studying bachelor’s majoring in Clinical Medicine in the Forth Military Medical University. He is about to become a member ofnational immunology society. He has 3 second author publications in academic journal or conference proceedings and his new work is yet to bepublished.387783851@qq.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 80

Kaissar Tabynov et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASafety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole-virion chromatographic vaccine withaluminum against influenza А (H1N1) pdm09: A randomized, blinded, dose-dependentplacebo-controlled clinical studyKaissar Tabynov 1 , A. Sansyzbay 1 , O. Kiselev 2 , B. Khairullin 1 , Zh Kydyrbayev 1 , N. Sandybayev 1 , M. Kassenov 1 and M. Stukova 21Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Kazakhstan2Research Institute of Influenza, Russian FederationBackground: The pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pdm09 emerged in 2009 and led to high demand for influenza vaccines,highlighting the limited vaccine manufacturing capacity world-wide. To meet the needs of Kazakhstan for an effective vaccineagainst pandemic influenza, the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems developed an inactivated whole-virionchromatographic vaccine with aluminum (trade name Refluvac). This paper presents the results of a clinical Phase I single-usestudy of the vaccine in healthy volunteers aged 18-60 years.Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the clinical facilities of the Research Institute of Influenza (RussianFederation). Number of volunteers enrolled in the study were54 people, including those who receive three doses (3.75, 7.5 or 15.0mcg of hemagglutinin [HA]) of the vaccine, 36 people (to 12 people in each dose) and a placebo of 18 people. Antibody response(seroconversion and seroprotection rates, geometric mean titer [GMT], and seroconversion factors) was determined using thehemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Cellular immune response was assayed using the index of stimulation of peripheralblood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the production of cytokines by antigen supernatant-stimulated cells. Reactogenicity andsafety were assessed by monitoring adverse reactions (local and systemic reactions), physical examinations, monitoring of vitalsymptoms and laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood tests, Ig E, and urinalysis). The study was conducted in accordancewith protocol VRK-I-00-01/2010 approved by the Federal Service on Surveillance in Healthcare and Social Development of theMinistry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.Results: Volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine at a dose of 3.75 mcg HA adverse events related to vaccination were not observed.Volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA did not have any systemic reactions related to the vaccination.Weak local reactions, presenting as pain and discomfort at the injection site, were observed in 3 of the 12 (25%) volunteersvaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA; these reactions were not accompanied by the development of hyperemia or infiltrates, weretransient (lasted no more than 2 days), and disappeared without medication. Among the volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine ata dose of 15.0 mcg HA, one medium systemic reaction was observed as an increase in temperature up to 37.8 °C after 6 hours postvaccination (PV). Weak local reactions, presenting as pain and discomfort at the injection site were not observed in volunteersvaccinated at a dose of 15.0 mcg HA. Clinical and laboratory examinations of the volunteers on days 7 and 21 PV revealed thatthe morphological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, including the total level of IgE, did not significantly alterfrom normal physiological values (all p>0.05). Vaccination had no adverse effect on electrocardiogram (ECG) data PV, as theECG data for all volunteers remained similar to the baseline values. In terms of rating the immunogenic activity of the vaccine,83.3% of the volunteers vaccinated at a dose of 3.75 mcg HA had a 4-fold seroconversion rate; the seroprotection rate was 75%, themultiplicity of growth of the antibody titer was 10.7 and the GMT was 53.4. In the group vaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA, 100%of the volunteers had a 4-fold seroconversion rate; the seroprotection rate was 75%, the multiplicity of growth of the antibodytiter reached 32.0, and the GMT was 160.0. Using a high dose of the vaccine (15.0 mcg HA), an increase in the proportion ofpeople (from 75% to 83%) with protective antibody titers, but increase the GMT and the multiplicity of growth of the antibodytiter in this group compared to group, which vaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA was not observed (p>0.05). Vaccination led tothe formation of a cellular immune response, which was polarized towards Th-1 production.Conclusions: This Phase I clinical study of the Refluvac vaccine at doses of 3.75, 7.5 or 15.0 mcg HA in healthy volunteers aged18-60 years-old indicates the antibody can induce pronounced immunogenicity, is well tolerated, has a low reactogenicity, is safe,and leads to the formation of a cellular immune response.tabynov_81@mail.ruJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 81

Ahtisham-Ul-Haq, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEffectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing tuberculosisAhtisham-Ul-HaqService Institue of Medical Sciences, PakistanCommon lower respiratory tract infections include tuberculosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).World Health Organization (WHO) defined tuberculosis as an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosiswhich most commonly affects lungs. With increase in prevalence, tuberculosis (TB) is now the second only to AcquiredImmuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as the greatest killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent. Bacille Calmette Guérin(BCG) vaccination has been developed against tuberculosis to decrease the mortality from this disease. Although BCG is notcommonly inoculated in America, it is routinely given to infants and children in countries where TB is prevalent. However, casesof tuberculosis have been identified even after inoculation of BCG vaccine. This study was conducted at tuberculosis and asthmaclinic of Children Hospital Lahore from January 2012 to December 2012. All those children were included in the study who metthe selection criteria. Out of 500 children half, 250 (50%) were male while remaining 250 (50%) were females. 227 (45.4%) werediagnosed as having TB on the basis of PPASC. 389 (77.8 %) were vaccinated while remaining 111 (22.2 %) were not vaccinated.Out of 227 children with diagnosis of TB, 91 (39.9%) were male while 136 (59.9%) were females. Out of 389 vaccinated children,132 (33.9%) were diagnosed as having TB while out of 111 non-vaccinated children 95 (85.6%) got TB. Results of the studyindicate that although vaccination with BCG decreases the prevalence of TB however, it is not 100% effective in combating withtuberculosis.BiographyAhtisham-Ul-Haq completed his M.B.B.S at the age of 25 years from Allama Iqbal Medical College. He did his M.P.H. from Institute Of Public Healthin 2004 and is currently enrolled in M.Phil. in Community Medicine. Currently he is working as additional medical superintendant at a well-reputedtertiary care hospital. He has presented his research work at various national and international forums.auhaq31@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 82

Teena Mohan et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmunomodulatory functions of defensins, innate molecules, as mucosal adjuvant with thepeptide antigens of HIV-1 at the mucosal surfacesTeena Mohan and D. N. RaoDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaIntroduction: The mechanisms of resistance to HIV infection in the human oral cavity are incompletely understood whilesalivary components have been implicated in protection. There are growing evidences that human defensin peptides originatingin the oral epithelial cells may be playing an important role in the prevention of HIV infection.Methodology: We have synthesized HIV and Defensin peptides and their corresponding analogues by making some modificationsin the natural sequence. We have done Anti HIV, Anti-microbial and other characteristic study of defensins to prove them active.Then, immunized theses formulations in Outbred and Two different Inbred mice (H 2b , H 2d ) through IN route using Microsphereas delivery vehicle. We have studied Humoral Response of HIV peptides with and without Defensins by estimating antibody levels(IgG/IgA) in the serum as well as in lung, intestinal, vaginal and rectal washes till day 120. For cell mediated immune response,peptide specific T cell proliferation and cytokine/chemokine levels were studied in the cells isolated from the three differentmucosal sites i.e. spleen, lamina propria and peyer’s patches of the primed mice. Simultaneously, we have done Cytolytic activityanalysis, by estimating IFN-γ/Perforin secretion by CD4+ also through FACS, which was checked by IFN- γ/Perforin secretion.Result & Discussion: The HIV peptides alone in microsphere showed low peptide specific response of peak titre in sera anddifferent washes while the presence of defensins increased significantly this titre both in sera (1,02,400-4,09,600) as well as inwashes (800-12,800) (p

Page 84

Track 5 & 95: Manufacturing, Production, and Development of Vaccines9: Age-specifi c Immune Response to VaccinationSession ChairPedro ReisAC Immune, SwitzerlandDay 3 July 31, 2013Session IntroductionTitle: Challenges and exciting solutions to downstream bioprocessing operations for the manufacturingof therapeutic vaccine candidatesTimothy Lee, Latham Biopharm Group, USATitle: Development of a broad spectrum vaccine against invasive meningococcal diseaseGraham Clarke, ImmunoBiology Ltd., UKTitle: SupraAntigen TM technology platform; Manufacturing and development of vaccines for thetreatment of Alzheimer diseasePedro Reis, AC Immune, SwitzerlandTitle: Immunization in family medicine-Experiences from Bosnia and HerzegovinaZarema Obradovic, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaTitle: Cost-effectiveness of an additional birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinataltransmission in medical setting in a developing country (Mozambique)Vinod Mrithinjayam, Accenture Management Consulting, IndiaTitle: Cost of illness for cholera in a high risk urban area in Bangladesh: An analysis from thehousehold perspectiveAbdur Razzaque Sarker, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshTitle: Immunological pattern of hepatitis B infection among exposed and nonexposed babies ina PMTCT program in low resource setting: Does every exposed newborn require 200IU ofhepatitis B immunoglobulinJoseph Onakewhor, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, NigeriaTitle: Incorporating of immunization course in pharmacy curriculum in MalaysiaOmer Qutaiba B. Al-lela, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaTitle: The observation of the immunization effect of hepatitis B vaccine to the newborn with HBeAgpositiveZhang Ping, Tianjin Institute of Liver Diseases, ChinaPage 85

Timothy Lee, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAChallenges and exciting solutions to downstream bioprocessing operations for themanufacturing of therapeutic vaccine candidatesTimothy LeeLatham Biopharm, USAThe cultivation and fermentation processing using fed-batch fermentation or perfusion is rather inexpensive in deliveringhigh yields of target proteins. However, the downstream processing for the recovery and purification of the proteins canbe challenging. This presentation summarizes the systematic methodology for the clarification of bacterial and viral vaccineproteins. The methodology pertains to the clarification of vaccine proteins that are extracellular (i.e. viral or bacterial product)or intracellular (i.e. bacterial soluble protein or inclusion body). The methodology was established based on data related toprocess economics, recovery and purity of the clarified material prior to downstream column purification. Based on the analysis,we have found that the initial step of clarification after fermentation should be centrifugation. This centrifugation step servesto separate the protein of interest from cells, if the product of interest is extracellular, or to concentrate the cells to an opticaldensity for homogenization, if the product of interest is intracellular. In the case of an extracellular protein, a final ultrafiltrationstep is usually performed to concentrate and condition the product before column purification. In the case of proteins thatare intracellularly expressed, the clarification of soluble protein is best recovered, after homogenization, using microfiltrationfollowed by a final ultrafiltration step to concentrate and condition the protein prior to column chromatography. The clarificationof inclusion body is best recovered and purified using centrifugation where the centrifugation helps facilitate better separation ofthe denser inclusion body particles from the lighter cellular debris. In addition, other methods such as a direct capture step (i.e.modified suspended bed chromatography) were economical in proteins as it reduced additional downstream columns due to itsselectivity. Other membrane technologies (Q, HIC, His) are discussed in their ability to reduce column chromatography stepsdownstream for improve recovery, purity and cost.BiographyTimothy Lee received his Ph.D. in Biochemical Engineering. The area of research was focused on the mechanical and catalytic stability of immobilizedenzymes. He then did a post-doctoral fellowship at Sanofi pasteur, Canada, where he was involved in the optimization of primary recovery processesfor bacterial systems, mainly focusing on micro-fi ltration, centrifugal and chromatographic separations. As a senior development scientist withinsanofi pasteur, He has played a key role in the development of different bacterial media, fermentation and purifi cation optimization and scale-upas well as the transfer of processes to Industrial operations for manufacturing and externally to CMOs. He has also published many patents andscientifi c papers and has presented extensively, globally, over the last several years, outlining the work performed in the industry. As a director ofbulk manufacturing and operations, he was involved extensively in cGMP commercial manufacturing, facility qualifi cation, process validation andcontinuous improvement initiatives for the global organization utilizing lean six sigma training for the biopharmaceutical industry. He is currently aSenior Scientifi c Consultant for Latham Biopharm Group specializing in CMC and winning of government contracts and continues to interact withvendors to fi nd new technologies to improve and simplify the industrial operation for the manufacture of vaccines.tlee@lathambiopharm.com, timswlee@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 86

Graham Clarke, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADevelopment of a broad spectrum vaccine against invasive meningococcal diseaseGraham ClarkeImmunoBiology Ltd (“ImmBio”), UKNeisseria meningitidis is the major causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease. With very fast progression leading tohigh mortality and morbidity rates, therapeutic intervention can be too slow. Consequently prevention is highly desirable,especially in the high risk infant and adolescent groups. The wide strain variation has been a major challenge for vaccine design.Current polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are serogroup specific. Within the B serogroup, there are a number of serosubtypesand the use of the pathogen’s B polysaccharide is inefficient, due to its occurrence in human brain tissue.ImmBio, a vaccine developer based in Cambridge UK, is developing a new class of vaccines. The technology, termedImmBioVax, in essence mimics ex vivo the innate responses’ impact on the target pathogen. This generates a multi-proteinvaccine. It is self targeting and does not require the addition of an adjuvant, as these functions are performed by constitutiveproteins.The candidate vaccine against invasive meningococcal disease, named MenBioVax, generates strong bactericidal antibodyresponses (SBA) across all the B serosubtypes tested, unlike other candidates, as well as across other serogroups, including A, C,W and Y. Thus it has the potential to both extend protection across B and replace other vaccines, in a single product.Given the clinical and regulatory importance of having a well controlled, consistent and scalable production process,ImmBio has developed a range of steps and assays to establish an appropriate process, ahead of initiating human clinical studies,which will be presented.BiographyGraham Clarke has a master’s degree in Biophysics from King’s College, London and an MBA. Working fi rst in “big Pharma” then as a partner inthe Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Practice of PA Consulting, he returned to industry as VP, Strategic Product Management, SmithKline Beecham,then Head of Executive Decision Support, GSK R&D and most recently VP, Strategy & Business Development, GE Healthcare Biosciences.Graham joined the Board of ImmunoBiology as a non-executive director soon after its formation and was subsequently appointed as its CEO in 2006.graham.clarke@immbio.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 87

Pedro Reis et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASupra Antigen TM technology platform: Manufacturing and development of vaccines for thetreatment of Alzheimer diseasePedro Reis, P. Donati, A. Pfeifer, and A. MuhsAC Immune, SwitzerlandAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by pathological Amyloid beta (Aβ) depositioninto plaques and neurofibrillary tangles due to aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in the brain. The benchmarkfor AD vaccines targeting Aβ, is the generation of antibodies without the introduction of antigen specific T-cells, which havebeen reported to cross the blood-brain-barrier and cause encephalitis in 6% of AD patients receiving anti-Aβ vaccine. Wedeveloped a liposome vaccine platform technology that combines (i) antigens lacking T-cell epitopes, (ii) adjuvant signaling viaTLR stimulation and (iii) B-cell receptor cross-linking by repetitive assembly of epitopes. AC Immune has developed its ownvaccine manufacturing technology in order to make it easily up-scalable and compatible with cGMP principals. Our present workhighlights AC Immune’s development approach for bringing an AD vaccine under clinical environment. The rationale for processdevelopment was to simplify the process, improve the homogeneity of the liposomes, reduce manufacturing time and make iteasier to scale the process. Our data indicates that AC Immune’s manufacturing strategy is suitable for the preparation of drugproduct for preclinical and clinical studies at 100-1,000 mL scale. The following additional comments can be made.i. The preparation of the liposomes appears flexible and robust, and should be readily scalableii. It is likely that the quality of the peptide raw material, and perhaps its tendency to aggregate may have an impact on the levelof protein incorporation into the vesicles, the homogeneity of the liposomes and presence of aggregates. The level of peptideincorporation into the liposomes was generally quite high and the level of unincorporated peptide was lowiii. The current manufacturing strategy appears suitable for preparation of intermediate (100-1,000 mL) batches; however, largescale batches may use an in-line mixing system to mix the protein with the vesicles. Studies to optimize the detergent toprotein ratio, detergent to lipid ratio, and lipid concentration at the time of peptide reconstitution may also be required atthis timeiv. Clarifying filtration provides a useful strategy to improve the sterile filtration process, and remove some of the aggregatesand/or larger particles that are present in the formulationBiographyPedro Reis pursued his Ph.D. on Biophysics in 2008 at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. Afterwards, he was appointed as PrimerResearcher at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston and at UNIL’s Biochemistry Department, Switzerland. Since August 2009, Pedro Reis hasbeen working as a project leader of vaccine manufacturing at AC Immune SA, which is a Swiss-based biopharmaceutical company and a leader inAlzheimer’s disease drug development. AC Immune SA has been developing innovative therapeutics with “best in class” potential against Alzheimer’sdisease and other conformational diseases along three axes: vaccines, antibodies and small molecules.pedro.reis@acimmune.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 88

Obradovic Zarema et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmunization in family medicine-Experiences from Bosnia and HerzegovinaObradovic Zarema 1 and Obradovic A 21University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina2Trnava Univerzitet Slovak RepublicImmunization as one of the most important preventive measures has a long tradition in countries of former Yugoslavia and alsoBosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Thanks to the longstanding good vaccination coverage during the war 1992-1995, we had asatisfying epidemiological situation related to vaccine-preventable diseases.After the war, the health care reform in B&H was based on the introduction of family medicine as the basis of primaryhealth care. Family medicine teams provide health protection for all family members, except children up to 7 years. One ofthe segments of work of the teams is immunization. In B&H there are two immunization programmes: for mandatory andfacultative immunisation. All persons aged 0-18 years are included in the programme of mandatory immunization whichincludes the application of the following vaccines: BCG (against tuberculosis), viral hepatitis B, tetanus, whooping cough,poliomyelitis, measles, rubella, mumps and rabies vaccine (for people who have been bitten by rabid or rabies suspect animals).The obligation of family medicine teams is to check the vaccinal status of all people that come to the health care institution andif needed, to vaccinate the vaccines that are missing. Immunization of adults is implemented as preexposure, postexposure andfor tavellers. Preexposure and postexposure protection, except the protection against rabies, is carried out by family medicineteams. Immunisation for travellers is carried out in travel clinics, but the counselling role of the family medicine teams has a greatimportance.Conclusion: Family medicine teams have an important role in the implementation of immunization programmes in Bosnia andHerzegovina.Key words: Immunization, family medicine, B&HBiographyZarema Obradovic is M.D., Ph.D., and specialist of epidemiology, Bosnia and Herzegovina. His main areas of work are epidemiology, facultativeimmunisation, travel medicine, public health. His present positions are Professor at the Faculty for Health Studies, University of Sarajevo; Professorat the Medical Faculty, University of Tuzla; epidemiologist, Public Health Institute Sarajevo; focal point for International Health Regulations (2005)for FB&H; coordinator for Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) for FB&H. He is a member of Association of epidemiologists of FB&H, Academyof Science and Arts B&H for Public Health, Bosnian-Herzegovinian American Academy of Arts and Sciences (BHAAAS), MetaNet-accademicassociation for communicable diseases in South-East Europe-DAAD, CCM for TB and HIV/AIDS-B&H. He is visiting Professor at Medical Faculty,Bucharest, Romania; external evaluator for Ph.D. thesis at the University Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He published 170 scientifi c papers in differentpublications, medical journals, nacional and international symposiums and congresses. She published books are “Echinococcosis”, “InternationalTravelers Healthcare” and “Epidemiology and Health Statistics”.zobradovic9@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 89

Vinod Mrithinjayam, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USACost-effectiveness of an additional birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinataltransmission in medical setting in a developing country (Mozambique)Vinod MrithinjayamAccenture Management Consulting, IndiaThis study is the first to assess the cost-effectiveness of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine administered byprofessional birth attendants in medical settings in a sub-Saharan country (Mozambique). The WHO has recommended thebirth dose to prevent perinatal transmission of HBV.A Markov model was constructed to analyze the costs and effects associated with avoiding perinatal transmission of HBVthrough a birth dose vaccination in addition to the existing vaccination schedule in Mozambique. The comparator interventionis the existing vaccination schedule administered at 6-10-14 weeks. The analysis was conducted for the birth cohort of 2008. Asthe context is a low-income setting our main outcome measure was disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Transitionprobabilities, costs and effects were estimated based on a thorough literature review. One- to three-way sensitivity analyses wereconducted to account for uncertainty in the data.We found an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the additional birth dose of 250.95 US$/DALY averted.Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of 441 US$, which was the GDP per capita for Mozambique in 2008, the findings showthe additional birth dose to be highly cost-effective. However, one-way sensitivity analysis reveals that the outcome changes withparameter variation. To give unambiguous recommendations on introducing the birth dose in Mozambique, more informationon the parameters that render the birth dose cost-ineffective in sensitivity analysis is needed. Those parameters are ‘vaccineeffectiveness’, ‘prevalence of HBV among mothers’, ‘the transition probability from chronic HBV to liver cancer’ and ‘the risk ofperinatal transmission for mothers negative for the Hepatitis B “e” antigen (HBeAg)’. Parameter variation (one-way) showed theICER to lie between 72 US$/DALY averted and 683 US$/DALY averted.BiographyVinod Mrithinjayam, currently a management consultant, graduated from department of health policy, The London School of Economics and PoliticalSciences in 2011. He is also a registered pharmacist in India and has over 6 years of experience delivering healthcare consulting projects. He hasworked with a diverse set of health insurers, medical devices & technology, and pharmaceutical companies across U.S and U.K. His core skillsare life sciences, healthcare IT, health economics, corporate strategy, and public policy & reforms. He is also a Professional Academy of HealthManagement Certifi ed from the United States.vinodsm85@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 90

Abdur Razzaque Sarker et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USACost of illness for cholera in a high risk urban area in Bangladesh: An analysis from thehousehold perspectiveAbdur Razzaque Sarker, Ziaul Islam, Iqbal Ansary Khan, Amit Saha, Fahima Chowdhury, Ashraful Islam Khan, Firdausi Qadri andJahangir A. M. KhanInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshBackground: Cholera poses a substantial health burden to developing countries like Bangladesh. In this study, the objective wasto estimate the economic burden of cholera treatment incurred by households. The study has been carried out in the context of alarge vaccine trial in an urban area of Bangladesh.Methods: The study used a combination of prospective and retrospective incidence-based cost analyses of cholera illness perepisode per household. A total of 400 cholera confirmed cases were identified and treated during June-October 2011 in urbanBangladesh. To estimate the total cost of cholera illness, a structured questionnaire was used, which included queries on directmedical cost non-medical cost and indirect cost of patients and caregivers.Findings: The average total cost of illness during an episode of cholera was estimated to cost 30.4 US$ per household per episode.Total direct and indirect costs constituted 24.4% (7.4 US$) and 75.6% (23.0 US$) of the average total cost respectively. The costfor children under 5 years of age (21 US$) was higher than that of children at age 5-14 years (18 US$). Otherwise, costs increasedwith age. Direct cost of treatment was similar for male and female patients, but the indirect cost was higher for the former.Conclusion: Among medical cost components, medicines are the largest cost driver. No clear socioeconomic gradient emergedfrom our study, but limited demographic patterns have been observed in cost of illness. By preventing cholera cases, a largemagnitude of production loss can be reduced.BiographyAbdur Razzaque Sarker completed his masters of health economics in University of Dhaka in Bangladesh. He currently work as a member of healtheconomist team at ICDDR in Bangladesh. He is the research investigator of various project like “Economic Evaluation of Introduction of CholeraVaccine in Bangladesh”, “Estimating Costs of Infant and Young Child-Feeding (IYCF) Practices Improvement Program in Bangladesh”, “EstimatingCosts of MNCH Initiative in Bangladesh Implemented by UNICEF”, “Healthy Youth Development and Resilience Study”, “Self-fi nanced healthscheme of labor cooperative for accessing quality healthcare of informal sector workers in Bangladesh” and others.razzaque.sarker@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 91

Joseph Onakewhor et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmunological pattern of hepatitis B infection among exposed and non-exposed babies ina PMTCT program in low resource setting: Does every exposed newborn require 200 IU ofhepatitis B immunoglobulin?Joseph Onakewhor 1 , Charurat M 2 , Matthew O 3 , Esosa Osagie 4 , Asemota 4 and Sadoh W. E 51University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria2University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA3Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria4University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria5University of Benin Teaching Hospital, NigeriaGlobally, about 2 billion people have markers of current or past hepatitis (HBV) infection and estimated 350-400 millionare chronically afflicted. In Nigeria, 4.3% and 6.8% of pregnant women and partners of infected women respectively areinfected. Though, a vertically transmissible and vaccine preventable infection, data on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) ofHBV in Nigeria is scarce. Immunoprophylaxis with immunoglobulin (HBIG) for exposed babies plus a course of 3 vaccinationsis expected to produce adequate immune response (antibodies>100 mIU/ml) and protection for at least 25 years. We investigatedthe immunological pattern of HBV-infected mothers and their exposed infants and compared them with HBV-non-exposedbabies in a prospective case-control pilot study in a PMTCT program in low-resource setting (LRS). The Nigerian Government/UNICEF provides free to children HBV immunization but HBIG is provided at personal cost that is prohibitive to majority ofparents. When exposed infants did not receive HBIG, parents exhibit a lot of anxiety about the potential for their infection.Consequently, we determined if every exposed newborn required standard dose 200iu HBIG in LRS. We compared the patternof immunological response of infants that received 200iu with those that received 100iu HBIG. All babies received in additionthree doses of HBV vaccine. The median period of followed-up was 9 (range 0-15) months. The MTCT rate was zero. However,exposed babies were less likely than their unexposed counterparts to respond to vaccination (p

Omer Qutaiba B. Al-lela et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAIncorporating of immunization course in pharmacy curriculum in MalaysiaOmer Qutaiba B. Al-lela 1 , Mohd. Baidi Bahari 2 , Ramadan M. Elkalmi 1 and Ammar Ihsan Jawad Awadh 11International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia2AIMST University, MalaysiaObjectives: To evaluate immunization knowledge and attitude among pharmacy students, and to identify the impact ofimmunization course on students’ knowledge and attitude regarding immunization.As a health care provider, the pharmacists have played a role in promoting, maintaining, and improving immunization ratesamong children because the pharmacist is one of the most accessible healthcare professionals. Most of the schools or collegesdo not have enough education courses regarding immunization. These deficiencies in immunization education and training incolleges and schools of pharmacy may contribute to low immunization rates in the Malaysia. After suggestion and negotiation, theimmunization course was introduced in Kulliyyah of Pharmacy- International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) during currentacademic year (2012-2013) for fourth-year students enrolled in the bachelor of pharmacy (B. Pharm) degree program. Validatedknowledge and attitude (KA) questionnaires about immunization were distributed before and after immunization course among4th year student. The immunization course consist of: immunization and vaccine types in children and adult, schedule and timing,adverse reactions, contraindications, epidemiology and disease prevention, pharmacist’s role, documentation, record keeping,planning, storage, parents’ education and reminder, immunization errors types, pharmacovigilance, and recommendations. Atotal of 70 students were analyzed. The majority of students were female (55, 78.6%). The mean ± standard deviation of students’KA scores before immunization course was 12.957±3.68, while the students’ KA scores after immunization course was increasedto 17.442±2.65. As academic pharmacists, we believe that it is high time for Malaysian pharmacy schools to help reach the nationalgoals for immunization compliance through educating future generation’s pharmacists. Although the initiation of the new coursein pharmacy school requires additional resources and takes time to develop and update the curriculum, we strongly advice otherMalaysian schools of pharmacy to mandate immunization education course and training as part of their core curriculum.omarallela@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 93

Zhang Ping et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe observation of the immunization effect of hepatitis B vaccine to the newborn withHBeAg positiveZhang Ping, Lu Wei and You WeiTianjin Institute of Liver Diseases, ChinaUsing the same dose of hepatitis B vaccine, HBsAg negative and HBeAg-positive newborns can produce higher and moresustained amount of anti-HBs than HBeAg-negative newborns birthed by HBV infected mothers, suggesting the effect ofthe presence of HBeAg and hepatitis B vaccine simultaneously on the anti-HBs is worth to discuss. With the approval of theethical argument, we observed 460 cases of hepatitis B virus carriers (HBVDNA≥106), the venous blood detection of HBsAg ofall the newborns were negative within 2 hours of birth, 234 HBeAg negative cases of experimental group at birth quantitative M(P25, P75) was 48000 (23.875, 86.050), 226 cases of control group was HBeAg-negative. Both groups were injected with hepatitisB immune globulin 200 IU within 6 hours after birth , and 10μg hepatitis B vaccine immunization at 0, 1, 6 months. When theyare 2 years old, the anti-HBs detection M (P25, P75) of study group was 456.850 (312.900, 652.325), the control group M (P25,P75) was 149.800 (65.300, 343.400). Statistically, Z=-9.963, p

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPostersPage 95

Jessica M.H. Thrall et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAStabilizing micronized particles boosts sterility and safety of vaccinesJessica M.H. Thrall 1,2 , Stephen P. Cape 1,2 , Nisha K. Shah 1,2 , Scott Winston 1 , David H. McAdams 2 , Diane E. Griffin 3 , Wen-Hsuan Lin 3 andRobert E. Sievers 1,21Aktiv-Dry LLC, 2100 Central Avenue, USA2University of Colorado Boulder, USA3Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, USACurrent vaccine delivery methods for prevention of global childhood diseases carry a high risk for needle contamination, vaccinewastage, and transportation and storage difficulties. Aktiv-Dry LLC’s focus is on R&D of safe and effective microparticles ofvaccines and pharmaceuticals for easier storage, greater thermal stability, and ease of use. We utilize our patented CO 2-AssistedNebulization with a Bubble Dryer® (CAN-BD) system to create stable dry microparticles of compounds for administration byneedle-free aerosol inhalers, sublingual solid formulations, or safer unit-dose, all-in-one auto-reconstitution syringe devices.Recently, our work has focused on vaccine prevention of measles and hepatitis B. Aktiv-Dry has developed inhalable andsublingual vaccines for measles along with a human-powered, active dry powder inhaler called the PuffHaler® for intrapulmonarydelivery of the dry powder measles vaccine. CAN-BD processed measles vaccine shelf-life stability has been shown for 4 yearsat 2-8 o C, protective immunity after intrapulmonary delivery to rhesus macaques, and no serious adverse events reported to dateduring on-going clinical Phase I safety trials in 60 adult males in India.We have also demonstrated stability of CAN-BD processed and dried microparticles of hepatitis B vaccine for use in a preloaded,single-dose, field-reconstitution device for parenteral delivery. Aktiv-Dry-formulated hepatitis-B vaccine was stabilizedwith trehalose, processed, and determined to retain stability using in-house stability assays. Our immunogenicity results fromintrapulmonary mucosal membrane delivery of measles vaccine dry powder aerosols and fundamental project goals may beextended to prevention and treatment (e.g., antibiotics and antivirals) of other pulmonary diseases (e.g., tuberculosis andinfluenza).BiographyJessica Thrall earned her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Colorado in 2012. Jessica spent nearly three years researching MycobacteriumTuberculosis initial and chronic infection stages, and testing novel vaccines and drugs using small animal models at the Mycobacteria ResearchLaboratories at Colorado State University. As part of the Aktiv-Dry LLC’s science team, Jessica drives the biological assay development sector forstability and effi cacy testing of dry powders produced using the CAN-BD process. Jessica brings to Aktiv-Dry her background in vaccine and drugtesting in animal models and her previous work involving innovative assay development and protein formulation.jthrall@aktiv-dry.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 96

Regina Heidenreich et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARNAdjuvant ® : A novel, highly-potent, RNA-based adjuvant for prophylactic and therapeuticvaccinesRegina Heidenreich, Benjamin Petsch, Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, Patrick Baumhof, Birgit Scheel, Söhnke Voss, Edith Jasny, Thomas Krampsand Karl-Josef KallenCureVac GmbH, Tübingen, GermanyGiven the important role of adjuvants in prophylactic vaccines as well as tumor immunotherapy, identification anddevelopment of new adjuvants with enhanced efficacy and safety is necessary. CureVac has recently developed a novel RNAbasedadjuvant with strong immunostimulatory properties. RNAdjuvant® is physically and chemically well-defined and exhibits avery good safety profile. RNAdjuvant® is well tolerated even at high doses and does not induce splenomegaly in mice as describedfor standard adjuvants such as CpG-DNA. In vitro, RNAdjuvant® induced activation of APC leading to an increased expressionof specific activation markers and secretion of cytokines driving a pronounced Th1 response.In vivo, RNAdjuvant® boosted even very immunogenic influenza vaccines inducing balanced Th1/Th2 T cell responses.Vaccination with RNAdjuvant® accelerated onset of protective antibody responses to approved influenza vaccines, enhancedvaccine specific T cell responses and enabled significant dose sparing.In addition, RNAdjuvant® combined with human papillomavirus (HPV)-derived recombinant peptides elicited strongantigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses, which are barely induced by vaccination with peptide alone. Vaccination withRNAdjuvant® with HPV-derived peptides mediated complete tumor protection in a prophylactic setting, as well as significantgrowth inhibition of already established tumors after therapeutic vaccination.Taken together our data demonstrate that RNAdjuvant® represents a novel breakthrough technology that can be combinedwith almost any type of antigen that requires safe and potent adjuvants.bm@curevac.deJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 97

Fu Shi Quan, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA2009 H1N1 Pandemic influenza virus-like particle vaccine efficacyFu Shi QuanDepartment of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 130-7012009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine containing HA and M1 proteins derived from theA A/California/04/2009 virus was generated. The VLP vaccine efficacy was investigated for efficacy against homologous,heterogous and heterosubtypic influenza viruses in mice. A single intramuscular vaccination provided complete protection againsthomologous A/California/04/2009 viruses with no virus detected in lungs. For cross protective efficacy against antigenicallydistant H1N1 viruses, intramuscularly immunized mice were challenged with lethal dose of A/PR8/34 or A/Caledonia/99viruses after a 2nd boost. Mice showed 100% protection against both viruses. Better cross protection against A/PR8/34 virusthan A/Caledonia/20/99 was characterized by lower lung virus titers, less body weight loss, and higher cross reactive recall IgGantibody secreting cell responses. For heterosubtypic immunity, intranasally immunized mice were challenged with lethal dosesof H3N2 viruses. Mice showed 100% survival with 10% to 16% body weight losses respectively against A/Philippine/82 or A/Hong Kong/68 challenge, whereas all naïve control mice died. Mice showed higher cross reactive lung IgG and IgA responsesafter H3N2 virus challenges. These results indicate that VLPs can be developed as an effective vaccine which can confer protectionagainst homologous, heterogous and heterosubtypic influenza viruses.BiographyFu Shi Quan received her Ph.D. degree at Korea University Seoul, Korea and had postdoctoral training in the laboratory of professor Richard W.Compans (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, GA USA). She has spent most of her scientifi c careerin Dr. Compans’ lab studying virus-like particle vaccines. Currently, she is a professor at Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, where her focusis the development of VLP protective vaccines against infl uenza and a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). She is recognized as an expert in infl uenzaVLP vaccine research and the development of related mouse models.fquan01@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 98

Leow Y et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARNAi-based characterisation of tegument annexin as a novel vaccine candidate againstschistosomiasisLeow Y 1,2,5 , Willis C 1 , Loukas A 3 , Hofmann A 4 and Jones M 1,21Parasite Cell Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research2School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland3Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, James Cook University4Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute for Cell & Molecular Therapies, Griffith University5Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MalaysiaEfforts to develop potential vaccines against schistosomes have focused on the identification of parasite surface antigens whichcan trigger protective immunity in the host. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) was applied to investigate the genefunction of tegument-associated annexins in S. mansoni. Expression of five annexin genes was found to be up-regulated upontransition from cercariae to schistosomula and adult worms. Silencing of annexins was facilitated by electroporation with targetspecific-dsRNAthen the isolated RNA was quantified for gene expression. Gene expression for adult parasites and schistosomulatreated with annexin-specific-dsRNA resulted in 80 - 96% and 87 - 95% reduction in transcription levels, respectively. Silencingof each annexin did not affect the parasite survival rate but conversely reduced their growth size and motility significantly atschistosomula and adult stages. Anx(Sm)3 was selected and engineered to be a recombinant chimeric peptide (rChimeric-AT) harbouring the linker region of Anx(Sm)3 and Sm-TSP-2. HLA-DR binding prediction showed that Anx(Sm)3 linker andChimeric-AT were capable to bind with 11 alleles (21.6%) and 20 alleles (49%), respectively. Sera from mice infected with S.mansoni reacted strongly with synthetic Anx(Sm)3 linker peptide and rChimeric-AT, showing that they are both immunogenic.rChimeric-AT delivered in alum induced high IgG1/IgG2a ratio, implying Th2 type response was dominant. Mice vaccinated withrChimeric-AT showed 40.4% significant reduction in intestinal egg burden as compared to the control group. Taken together, ourresults show that rChimeric-AT conferred a high level of antibody production and suggests this multi-antigen construct wouldbe a potential vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis.BiographyYee obtained his B.Sc (Honours) and M.Sc in Biotechnology from Universiti Sains Malaysia. Since 2006, he has been working as a lecturer in aMalaysian government institution. In 2009, he accepted a scholarship under ASTS Fellowship from Universiti Sains Malaysia to pursue his doctoratedegree in vaccinology in University of Queensland under the supervision of A/Prof. Malcolm Jones. His research focus is on investigating thepotential vaccines targeting against schistosomes. In 2011, he was awarded an Edward Jenner Ph.D. Scholarship through Australian Centre forVaccine Development.Yee.Leow@qimr.edu.auJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 99

Metehan Ozen et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARubella seroprevalence in an unvaccinated pregnant population in Malatya, TurkeyMetehan Ozen, E. Pehlivan, L. Karaoglu, G. Gunes, MS. Tekerekoglu, MF. Genc, M. Egri and C. ErcanSuleyman Demirel University, TurkeyBackground & Objectives: Controlling congenital rubella was, and still is, one of the prime targets of the World HealthOrganization. We wanted to define the rubella seroprevalence in pregnancy in Malatya, Turkey. This data would assist policymakers to decide when to implement rubella vaccination in fertile population.Study design: A cross-sectional interview survey and blood sampling was conducted among pregnant women living in Malatyaprovince in 6 months together with a follow-up visit.Methods: Stratified probability proportional to size sampling methodology. A total of 824 pregnant women from 60 clusterswere enrolled. After obtaining informed consent, participants’ socio-demographic and fertility characteristics were collected byinterview questionnaire. All the tested women had no history of rubella vaccination. Anti-rubella IgM and IgG titers were studiedfrom blood samples by micro ELISA.Results: Of the 803 samples tested for rubella antibodies, 753 cases (93.8%) had anti-rubella IgG positivity, indicating a pastinfection. Five of the pregnant women (0.6%) had both anti-rubella IgM and IgG positive results, suggesting a recent infection.The remaining 45 women (5.6%) were seronegative for both antibodies. Seroprevalence was not associated with age or urban/rural residency. All the five anti-rubella IgM positive women were in the second trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions: As 5.6% of pregnant women were susceptible to rubella during pregnancy, and five of them had already had a recentinfection, immunization efforts should be directed at earlier ages like infancy or adolescent period.BiographyMetehan Özen was born in Istanbul in 1969. He graduated as pediatric infectious disease specialist in 2004 and became full Professor in 2012.He was the consultant of Ministry of Health for Avian Infl uenza outbreak. He is interested in vaccines and probiotics. He published more than25 international and 50 national articles. He is the editor of “Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health: Untold Story” and the editor of the fi rst Turkishjournal (quarterly) “Probiotic-Prebiotic Chronicles”. He performed numerous presentations on vaccines, probiotics, pediatrics, infectious diseasesand ornithology in local/national/international meetings. He is still on advisory/editorial board of some pediatric, infectious and probiotic journals.metehanoz@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 100

Zafer Kurugol et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe impact of the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination program in the Turkish populationin CyprusZafer Kurugol, Guldane Koturoglu, Sadik Aksit and Tijen OzacarEge University Faculty of Medicine, TurkeyThis study was conducted to assess the impact of the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination program, which started in 1998in the Turkish population in Northern Cyprus.A total of 600 persons, 1 to 30 years old were selected for the study with cluster sampling. The information on sociodemographiccharacteristics was gathered for each participant and in 585 of them, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B surfaceantigen antibody (anti-HBs) and anticore antibody (anti-HBc) were tested.The overall prevalence of anti-HBc and HBsAg carriage was 13.2% and 0.85%, respectively. Old age and low parentaleducational level were the major independent risk factors for HBV transmission. Seroprevalence of both anti-HBc and anti-HBsantibodies was similar in children 1-7 years of age. After 8 years of age, anti-HBc seroprevalence increased significantly with age,while anti-HBs prevalence decreased (p

Ener Cagri Dinleyici et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAHematological complications in children hospitalized for varicella infectionEner Cagri Dinleyici 1 , Zafer Kurugol 2 , Emre Alhan 3 , Ates Kara 4 , Ergin Ciftci 5 , Ilker Devrim 6 , Nihan Uygur Kulcu 7 , Özden Turel 8,9 , NuriBayram 6 , Hasan Tezer 10,11 , Denizmen Aygun 12 , Gulnar Sensoy 13 , Nazan Dalgic 14 , Mehmet Ali Tas 15 , Meda Kondolot 16 , Olcay Yasa 17 ,Canan Kuzdan 9 , Murat Elevli 18 , Halil Ozdemir 5 , Ayper Somer 19 , Selim Oncel 20 and Metehan Ozen 211Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, 2 Ege University Faculty of Medicine, 3 Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, 4 Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine5Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, 6 Dr Behcet Uz Children's Training and Research Hospital, 7 Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Childrens' Diseases Training and Research Hospital8Bezmialem Vakıf Gureba Univeristy, 9 Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 10 Ankara Diskapi Children's Training and Research Hospital, 11 Gazi University Facultyof Medicine, 12 Firat University School of Medicine, 13 Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital, 14 Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, 15 Dicle University Faculty of Medicine16Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, 17 Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, 18 Haseki Educational and Research Hospital, 19 Istanbul University IstanbulMedical Faculty, 20 Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, 21 Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, TurkeyAs a part of national varicella hospitalization study in children (VARICOMP), we aim to evaluate hematological complicationsin children requiring hospitalization. Twenty-eight health care centers (including university hospitals, maternity andchildren’s hospitals and state hospitals) agreed to participate in the VARICOMP study and these centers in 14 cities serve 50%of the children population in Turkey. Between the time period October 2008-October 2012, 1939 children hospitalized dueto varicella infection in Turkey, among them 95 (4.8%; mean age 62.7 ± 42.7 months, 46 boys, 49 girls) have hematologicalcomplications. 11 children were under 1 year of age (11.6%). Two children had been vaccinated with one dose of live attenuatedvaricella vaccine. In the entire study group, 45 children (47%) had an immunosuppressive condition or chronic underlyingdisease, whereas 50 children (53%) were previously healthy. Hematological complications of the hospitalized children are:anemia (n=11, two out of them hemolytic anemia), thrombocytopenia (n=36), bicytopenia (n=6), neutropenia (n=6),pancytopenia (n=1), febrile neutropenia (n=16), secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to varicella (n=3), anddisseminated intravascular coagulation (n=2). Two children required treatment in the pediatric intensive care unit, and bothrequired mechanical ventilation. The median length of hospital stay was 6 days. Mortality was not observed. 78 cases have beenreceived acyclovir (78%, mean duration 8.1 ± 3.9 days), 48 received antibiotics (50.5%) and 15 patients received IVIG (15.8%).Hematological complications are one of the causes of hospitalization in healthy children as well as children with underlyingdiseases. Complications severity varies from mild as isolated thrombocytopenia to moderate to severe as febrile neutropenia,HLH and DIC. Live varicella vaccines are contraindicated in children with hematological oncological malignancies and immunedeficiencies. Routine universal immunization is the main prevention strategies against disease burden in community.timboothtr@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 102

Ates Kara et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAInfluenza vaccine adverse event and effect on acceptability in pediatric residentsAtes Kara, Ilker Devrim and Hasan TezerHacettepe University, TurkeyInfluenza vaccination of HCP has documented benefits both on patient’s outcomes and absenteeism and decrease in influenzainfection in HCP and result in financial savings to sponsoring health institutions. Despite its shown benefits, the vaccinationcoverage is lower in the HCP than the expected levels. In this study we surveyed the attitudes of pediatric residents regardinginfluenza immunization and adverse local and systemic reactions. We also observed the effect of influenza vaccination of allresidents at same period on the operation of the hospital.Methods: Eighty pediatric residents working in Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ihsan Dogramaci Children’s Hospitalwere included in this study. The trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is applied between 3 rd -4 th weeks of September, by the samenurse. A questionnaire and follow-up form was given to them. The form consisted of the patient’s data including recordings oftemperature for 7 days, side effects including local, systemic and severe adverse events and effect of side effects to resident todecision on vaccination for the next year.Results: Fluarix was given to 45 female and 35 male pediatric residents with ages ranging from 20 to 26 years (mean 24.89± 0.39).The vaccine was applied to right arm in 16 HCP and left arm in 64 arms (opposite of preferred hand). In our resident, 33.7% ofthem thought that the vaccine was unnecessary and vaccine coverage was only 12% in the previous year. Also more than halfof them (67.5%) did not plan influenza vaccination before this study. 13 (16%) of the pediatric residents had soreness at thevaccination site lasting 2.3 days averagely and 7 (8%) of vaccinated residents had other local reactions without any interferencewith everyday activity. In our study group, 16 (20%) had flu-like symptoms (subfebrile fever, myalgia and malaise). In our study33.8 % of the vaccinated residents acclaimed that they would not prefer influenza vaccination for the next year. Overall side effects(including soreness, erythema at the vaccination side and systemic reactions) of influenza vaccination is 36.5% (n=29). While20 of the 29 (68.9 %) HCP vaccinated who experienced side effects after vaccination did not want to receive the vaccine nextyear because of side effects, this was 13% (7 over 51) in the group without side effects and the main reason for them was cost ofvaccination.Discussion: All the reported side effects were relatively minor and short lived, and there was no effect on the hospital operation.After this we would like to recommend influenza vaccination campaign for HCP by employers, but we have to plan to take stepsto improve the acceptability of influenza vaccine by HCP.ateskara@hacettepe.edu.trJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 103

Nisha N et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USATetravalent protein vaccine against Staphylococcus aureusNisha N and Raja BiswasAmrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, IndiaStaphylococcus aureus causes wide range of diseases from minor infections to life-threatening sepsis, endocarditis, andpneumonia. Several antigens have been identified so far as vaccine that, either alone or in combination have the ability toreduce S. aureus (including multi drug resistant strains) colonization in animal models but with little success. Here we exploredthe possibility of designing a vaccine based on non-covalently surface associated proteins (NCSPs) of S. aureus. The knownNCSPs proteins [GM, Aaa, LytM, IsaB, SEM, SsA, Amidase( AM), LytR, LytN ,and SAV-1056] were cloned and expressed in E.coli as N-terminal histidine tagged protein and purified using Ni-NTA chromatography. The antigenicity of these proteins wastested against sera from S. aureus infected mice using ELISA and immunogenicity tested using mice splenocyte proliferationassay. All the NCSPs were antigenic and immunogenic; however the degree differed among NCSPs. The shortlisted proteins, withhigh homology score across different S. aureus strains, were used for vaccination study in BALB/c mice. The selected proteinswere found to trigger Th1 response in splenocyte proliferation assay. Upon vaccination with a cocktail of NSCPs in BALB/cmice, we observed that all the vaccinated mice survived till the 9th day, and 6 survived till day 14 (75% survival). Only 1 out of 8non-vaccinated mice survived after lethal challenge with S. aureus. There was 6-7 fold reduction in the bacterial load in internalorgans of vaccinated mice. The sera of the vaccinated mice were capable of inducing opsonophagocytosis of S. aureus by humanpolymorphonuclear leukocytes.BiographyNisha N is currently undergoing her Ph.D. program in the fi eld of Infectious diseases at Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine,AIMS, Kochi. She has been awarded with Senior Research Fellowship by Indian Council of Medical Research, India. She has two second authorpublications to her credit and her main work yet to be published.nishaaa.n@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 104

Yurong Tan et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAn inactivated Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine restores imbalanced airway immunityYurong Tan, LiLi wang, Dan Peng, Huihui Yang and Xiaoqun QinCentral South University, ChinaObjectives: Previously, we observed that an inactivated Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (PPA) which was obtained bytransfection with the adhesion portion of type 1 fimbria of avian pathogenic E. coli inhibited airway allergic inflammationby bronchial administration in an OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness animal model. To investigate the underlyingmechanism involved, we studied the effects of PPA on epithelial functions in present studies by OVA stress or RSV infection.Methods: Flow cytometry was used to observe the effects of PPA on cell proliferation of BECs and BECs-drived subsets’differentiation of CD4+T cells. Real-time PCR was used to test the expressions of toll like receptor 4 and 5, two recognizedasthmatic therapeutic targets IL-17A/Th2 signal molecules Act1 and NF-kB negative regulator A20 in BECs.Results: PPA can promote cell proliferation and toll like receptor-4 and 5 expressions of normal, OVA-stressed and RSV-infectedBECs. PPA inhibited Th2 and Th17 differentiation and stimulated Th1 differentiation induced by OVA or RSV. PPA significantlydecreased Act1 expression induced by OVA and increased Act1 expression in BECs inhibited by RSV infection. PPA significantlyincreased A20 expression in BECs inhibited by OVA or RSV.Conclusions: Our data suggest that the therapeutic mechanism of PPA is partly to promote bronchial proliferation and shiftbronchial immunity from a Th2 and Th17 to a Th1 bias.Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, toll like receptors, RSV, CD4+T cells.hope7@126.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 105

Fisseha Walle et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USACoverage and factors associated with tetanus toxoid vaccination among private collegestudents, Bahirdar, EthiopiaFisseha Walle 1 and Mekibib Kassa 21Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Ethiopia2Alkan University College, EthiopiaBackground: The purpose of this study was to estimate the coverage and determine the factors associated with tetanus toxoidvaccination status among female’s private colleges students in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar, from September 15 to October 17, 2011. A total of 239 femalesof reproductive age students (17‒45) years were selected from Colleges in Bahir Dar through random sampling. A pre-testedstructured questionnaire was administered to students and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 and associated factorsassessed using logistic regression.Results: The coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization among private college students were 31.5%. Degree students were aboutfour times more likely to have had tetanus toxoid vaccine utilization than diploma students (AOR=4, 95%CI=3.16, 9.87). Maritalstatus was one of the independent predictors for tetanus toxoid vaccine. Married women were found to have 3 times more likely tobe engaged tetanus toxoid vaccine utilization than single (AOR=3, 95%CI=2.91, 8.67). Besides, the odds of having tetanus toxoidvaccine utilization among private college students who had family income earns

Deryabin P.N. et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe influence interleukin-1 to a protective and immunogenic activity living plague vaccineDeryabin P.N, Ponomaryova T.S, Karalnik B.V, Tugambayev T.I, Denisova T.G, Atshabar B.B and Zakaryan S.BKazakh Scientific Center for Qarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, KazakhstanPreviously, our experiments showed that polyoxidonium possessing of adjuvant and immunomodulatory effects increases thea protective and immunogenic activity living plague vaccine based on the strain Y. pestis EV (LPV) / PN Deryabin et al., 2012,Tatyana Ponomareva et al., 2010. On some models of infectious diseases show immunomodulatory effect of preparations on thebasis of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) / «Citokin» ltd., St. Petersburg, Russia./. To assess the effect of IL-1 on the efficiency LPV we used"Betaleukin" (recombinant IL-1β, which was to be produced using genetic engineering technology).We evaluated the influence on the efficiency of IL-1 live plague vaccine in experiments on guinea pigs (2 groups of 75animals). The experimental group of animals was vaccinated Y. pestis EV (100,000 microbial cells) with IL-1 (0.5 mg/ind.). Thecontrol group - only vaccine Y. pestis EV (100,000 microbial cells). At 21 days after immunization, both groups of animals wereinfected with a virulent strain of Y. pestis 231 in a dose of 200 DCI.In the experimental group within 14 days after infection of animal deaths were observed. All animals in this group weresacrificed at 14 days after infection, culture Y. pestis 231 is not selected. In the control group fell 50% of the animals. Survivinganimals were sacrificed at 14 days after infection, some animals there was an increase of culture Y. pestis 231 of the spleen.The titer of specific antibodies in the serum of animals of experimental group (before infection) was significantly higher (1:2000) than in the control group (1:80).Additionally influence of IL-1 on the immunogenicity LPV were studied in 8 rabbits immunized EV vaccine at 3 x 10 6bacterial cells in 0.5 ml of physiologically solution.t. Four rabbits were injected simultaneously Betaleukin (IL-1) at a dose of 0.5mg (experimental group), the other 4 rabbits with physiological solution in the same volume (the control group).Antigen-specific response was evaluated to detect antibodies to F1antigenu and lymphocyte with receptors to to the sameantigen (LfRF1). The use of IL-1 accelerated the appearance and disappearance of LfRF1, the maximum of of their content,reducing the amount of their maximum and total and also ensure earlier appearance of anti-F1 antibodies in rabbits that receivedIL-1. The findings suggest that the use of preparations by IL-1 accelerated the development of antigen-specific response toZHCHV early and effector phase.The study showed prospects of of application of preparations of IL-1 to increase the effectiveness living plague vaccine.BiographyDeryabin Pavel, born in 1956. In 1992 he defended his thesis for the degree of doctor of medical sciences, specialty "Allergology and Immunology",in 1994 he got the title-the professor. The author of more than 170 scientifi c papers, including more than 30 peer-reviewed journals. Has 14 patents.Head of the special training center regional training center on biosafety and biosecurity Kazakh Scientifi c Center for Qarantine and ZoonoticDiseases.572202@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 107

K. Tabynov et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASafety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole-virion chromatographic vaccine withaluminum against influenza А (H1N1) pdm09: A randomized, blinded, dose-dependentplacebo-controlled clinical studyK. Tabynov 1 , A. Sansyzbay 1 , O. Kiselev 2 , B. Khairullin 1 , Zh. Kydyrbayev 1 , N. Sandybayev 1 , M. Kassenov 1 and M. Stukova 21Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan2Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russian FederationBackground: The pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pdm09 emerged in 2009 and led to high demand for influenza vaccines,highlighting the limited vaccine manufacturing capacity world-wide. To meet the needs of Kazakhstan for an effective vaccineagainst pandemic influenza, the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems developed an inactivated whole-virionchromatographic vaccine with aluminum (trade name Refluvac). This paper presents the results of a clinical Phase I single-usestudy of the vaccine in healthy volunteers aged 18-60 years.Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the clinical facilities of the Research Institute of Influenza (RussianFederation). Number of volunteers enrolled in the study-54 people, including those who receive three doses (3.75, 7.5 or 15.0mcg of hemagglutinin [HA]) of the vaccine-36 people (to 12 people in each dose) and a placebo-18 people. Antibody response(seroconversion and seroprotection rates, geometric mean titer [GMT], seroconversion factors) was determined using thehemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Cellular immune response was assayed using the index of stimulation of peripheralblood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the production of cytokines by antigen supernatant-stimulated cells. Reactogenicity andsafety were assessed by monitoring adverse reactions (local and systemic reactions), physical examinations, monitoring of vitalsymptoms and laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood tests, Ig E, urinalysis). The study was conducted in accordancewith protocol VRK-I-00-01/2010 approved by the Federal Service on Surveillance in Healthcare and Social Development of theMinistry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.Results: Volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine at a dose of 3.75 mcg HA adverse events related to vaccination were not observed.Volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA did not have any systemic reactions related to the vaccination.Weak local reactions, presenting as pain and discomfort at the injection site, were observed in 3 of the 12 (25%) volunteersvaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA; these reactions were not accompanied by the development of hyperemia or infiltrates, weretransient (lasted no more than 2 days), and disappeared without medication. Among the volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine ata dose of 15.0 mcg HA, one medium systemic reaction was observed as an increase in temperature up to 37.8°C after 6 hours postvaccination (PV). Weak local reactions, presenting as pain and discomfort at the injection site were not observed in volunteersvaccinated at a dose of 15.0 mcg HA. Clinical and laboratory examinations of the volunteers on days 7 and 21 PV revealed thatthe morphological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, including the total level of IgE, did not significantly alterfrom normal physiological values (all p>0.05). Vaccination had no adverse effect on electrocardiogram (ECG) data PV, as theECG data for all volunteers remained similar to the baseline values. In terms of rating the immunogenic activity of the vaccine,83.3% of the volunteers vaccinated at a dose of 3.75 mcg HA had a 4-fold seroconversion rate; the seroprotection rate was 75%, themultiplicity of growth of the antibody titer was 10.7 and the GMT was 53.4. In the group vaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA, 100%of the volunteers had a 4-fold seroconversion rate; the seroprotection rate was 75%, the multiplicity of growth of the antibodytiter reached 32.0, and the GMT was 160.0. Using a high dose of the vaccine (15.0 mcg HA), an increase in the proportion ofpeople (from 75% to 83%) with protective antibody titers, but increase the GMT and the multiplicity of growth of the antibodytiter in this group compared to group, which vaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA was not observed (p>0.05). Vaccination led tothe formation of a cellular immune response, which was polarized towards Th-1 production.Conclusions: This Phase I clinical study of the Refluvac vaccine at doses of 3.75, 7.5 or 15.0 mcg HA in healthy volunteers aged18-60 years-old indicates the antibody can induce pronounced immunogenicity, is well tolerated, has a low reactogenicity, is safe,and leads to the formation of a cellular immune response.tabynov_81@mail.ruJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 108

Xiao-Yong Fan et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEnhanced protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis afforded by BCG prime-DNA boost regimen correlates with increased IL-2-producing CD4 T cell frequencyXiao-Yong Fan 1,2 , Han Kang 1,2 , Qing Yuan 1 , Hui Ma 1 , De-Ping Han 1 , Kang Wu 1 and Douglas B. Lowrie 11Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, China2Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, ChinaThe development of improved vaccines and vaccination strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been hindered bya limited understanding of the immune correlates of anti-tuberculosis protective immunity. Simple measurement of IFN-frequency or production per se does not provide adequate prediction of immune protection. In this study, we examined therelationship between T cell immune responses and protection conferred by the heterologous vaccination strategy, BCG prime-Ag85A DNA boost (B/D), in a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis. The results demonstrated that mice vaccinated with theB/D regimen had a significantly reduced bacillary load compared to BCG-vaccinated mice, and the CFU reduction was associatedwith decreased pathology and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in the infected lungs. Further analysis of immunogenicityshowed that the superior protection afforded by the B/D regimen correlated with significantly increased frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells and increased IL-2 production when measured as integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) valuepost-vaccination. These data suggest that measurement of elevated IL-2 production or frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cellscan predict vaccine efficacy, and add to the accumulating body of evidence suggesting that BCG vaccination in prime-booststrategies may be a useful tool for the control of M. tb infection.Keywords: Protective immunity; Prime-boost; DNA vaccine; Multifunctional T cell; IL-2; Mycobacterium tuberculosis.BiographyXiao-Yong Fan, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Young PI. He was born in April 1977, was awarded to be Shanghai Rising-Star (A) programmed byShanghai Science and Technology Commission in 2009 and got the tracking support in 2012, and was promoted atypically to be Master’s tutorof Pathogeny Biology in Fudan University in Jan 2011. In Sep 2005, Dr. Fan entered to Department of Microbiology, Fudan University to pursuehis doctorate under supervision of Prof. Guo-Ping Zhao, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. After graduation, Dr. Fan joined into theDepartment of Scientifi c Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center since Sep, 2008 as assistant professor fi rstly, and he was promoted asassociate professor soon and began to establish Tuberculosis laboratory on infection and immunity in 2011. At present, Dr Fan’s research interestsfocus on infection and immunity, and vaccine development on Tuberculosis.xyfan008@fudan.edu.cnJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 109

Jia-hui Lei et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEffect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the immune response to HBV vaccine in a mouse modelJia-hui Lei, Fei Guan, Xiao Hou, Wangfang Jiang and Wen-qi LiuDepartment of Parasitology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, P. R. ChinaVaccination is the most effective and cost-saving way to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Collective data suggest that helminthinfections affect immune responses to some vaccines. Therefore it is important to reveal the effects of helminth infectionson protective vaccines efficacy in countries with highly prevalent helminth infections. In the present work, effects of Trichinellaspiralis infection on the protective efficacy of HBV vaccine in a mouse model were investigated. This study demonstrated thatthe enteric stage of T. spiralis infection could inhibit the proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes to hepatitis surface antigen(HBsAg) and lead to lower levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies, IFN-γ and IL-2, along with higher levels of IL-4 and IL-5. However,these immunological differences are absent in the muscle stage of T. spiralis infection. The results suggest that the muscle stage ofT. spiralis infection does not affect the immune response to HBV vaccination, while the enteric stage infection results in a reducedimmune response to HBsAg.Keywords: Trichinella spiralis; protective efficacy; hepatitis B; vaccineleijiahui@ hust.edu.cnJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 110

Byung Chul Kim et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEstablishment of the 3 rd national standard for in vitro potency assay of Japanese encephalitisvirus vaccineByung Chul Kim, Hyung-sil Moon, DoKeun Kim, Tae Moo Yoo, Sung Hwa Hong, Naery Lee, Jong-Mi Lim, Donghee Kim, Seokkee Chang,Jiyoung Hong, Jooyeon Lee and Ho Jung OhNational Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, KoreaTraditionally, the quality control for Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) vaccine has performed in vivo potency assay usinganimals. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) established alternative in vitro assay (ELISA) replacing the in vivoassay requiring animals and many times as an official quality control method of potency test for the JEV vaccine. The in vitropotency assay showed it's faster and easy to perform without pre-treatment such as a mouse immunization. Also it had betterprecision and reproducibility comparing to the conventional in vivo assay.The reference material is essential in order to evaluate potency test for the JEV vaccine. The 1 st and 2 nd national standardfor in vivo potency assay of JEV vaccine had manufactured, each established in 2001 and 2007, and have been using for themanufacturer's quality control and national lot release since then. As the need of the national standard for in vitro potency assay,this study was initiated by MFDS in 2013 to manufacture and establish the 3 rd national standard for in vitro and in vivo potencyassay of JEV vaccine. The in vitro and in vivo potency results of the candidate material for 3 rd national standard, each weremeasured 1.077 and 2.761. In the study hereafter, the collaborative study of the MFDS and manufacturers will be conducted toestimate the reliable virus content with the candidate material.happysea@korea.krJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 111

Min-Seok Bae et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe stability estimation for Korean national biological reference standards: Bordetella Pertussisand anti-pertussisMin-Seok Bae, Seung-Tae Chung, In Soo Shin, Hyun-Kyung Kang, Jeong-Nam Woo, Ye-Jin Choi, Seul-Ji Jang, Shin-Jung Kang and Chi-Young AhnNational Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, KoreaBiological products include a wide range of products such as vaccines, blood-derived products, toxins, recombinant therapeuticproteins, cell therapy products, and gene therapy products. Reference standard is a biological material one or more of whoseproperty values (potency, amount, etc.) are sufficiently well established to be used in assessing a measurement method or assigningvalues to other biological materials. According to WHO recommendation, we as national authority, obtain minimum amount ofstandards from WHO international laboratories and establish our own national biological reference standards (NBRSs). A highdegree of stability is one of essential requirements for NBRSs.In this study, stability tested for Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine and anti-pertussis NBRSs were performed. The mouse bodyweight gain test (MWGT), the leukocytosis-promoting test (LPT), and the histamine sensitization test (HIST) are done for thetesting of the specific toxicity of pertussis vaccines. For the anti-pertussis, identification test (Ouchterlony test) was performed.The trend analysis in lymphocytosis promoting units and histamine-sensitizing units were stable but body weight-decreasingunits (BWDU) were decreased. Identification test on anti-pertussis showed clear precipitin lines.Taken together, it has been proposed as follows; Bordetella Pertussis vaccines and anti-pertussis which are made by MFDS asa national biological reference standard showed stable potency.bmsposh@korea.krJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 112

STS. Chitradevi et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USARecombinant heat shock protein 60 (GroEL) of S.Typhi as an effective adjuvant in modulatingthe immunogenicity of Invasion plasmid antigen B (IpaB) of Shigella flexneri against lethalShigella infection in miceSTS. Chitradevi, A. Bansal, G. Kaur, D. Saraswat, M. Singh and S. SaxenaExperimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), IndiaShigella spp. cause severe bacillary dysentry in humans associated with high morbidity and mortality. The multiple Shigellaserotypes and their resistance to antibiotics warrants the development of vaccine that is protective across all serotypes. Shigellautilizes type III secretion apparatus and translocates the effector proteins into the host cell to initiate the infection. The effectorprotein IpaB (Invasion plasmid antigen B) is necessary for pathogenesis and mediates macrophage cell death. It is the conservedmolecule in all Shigella serotypes. The present study evaluates the adjuvant effect of recombinant GroEL of S. Typhi when coimmunizedwith recombinant IpaB of S. flexneri in mice. IpaB domain region (37 KDa) of S. flexneri was amplified, cloned,expressed in BL-21 E.coli cells and purified. Intra-nasal (i.n.) immunization of mice with IpaB protein alone showed increase inIgG and IgA antibody titers as compared to control mice, but when co-immunized with GroEL, there was two fold increase inantibody titers. Antibody isotyping (IgG1, IgG2a) and cytokines estimation (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10) revealed enhanced Th1 and Th2immune responses in co-immunized group. Immunization of mice with recombinant IpaB protected 60-70% of mice from lethali.n. infection of S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei whereas co-immunization increased the protective efficacy to 80%. This studyshows the potential of GroEL of S. Typhi as an effective adjuvant for the development of broadly protective IpaB based vaccineagainst all Shigella spp.BiographySTS. Chitradevi has completed her M.Sc Microbiology at Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India. She is the Senior research scholar at DefenceInstitute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India and pursuing her Ph.Din Life Sciences at Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India. She was awarded with Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology fellowship,DRDO- Junior research fellowship and DRDO-Senior research fellowship. She recently published her work in the reputed journal Vaccine.chitradevists@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 113

Aniekan J. Etokidem et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAMyths and misconceptions as barriers to uptake of immunization services in NigeriaAniekan J. Etokidem, En Nsan and Wo NdifonUniversity of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, NigeriaNigeria is presently one of only three countries in the world that are polio endemic. Nigeria accounted for 60.4% of all newcases of wild polio virus reported in these countries as of September, 2012. The immunization program in Nigeria has beenmarred by several factors including religious, socio-cultural barriers and myths and misconceptions. The objective of this studywas to identify myths and misconceptions that affect utilization of childhood immunization services in Calabar, Nigeria.Focus group discussion sessions were held among caregivers in Calabar, Nigeria. Data obtained were transcribed andanalyzed using the content analysis approach.Participants had poor knowledge of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) and vaccines against them. Some mentioned non-VPDs as if they were VPDs and also were not able to match some vaccines with the VPD against which they are administered.They mentioned several myths and misconceptions regarding immunization. Some believed that “so called” VPDs are caused bymermaid spirits and witches and wizards. Some of the solutions to VPDs proffered by participants included sacrificing in the riverby midnight. Some caregivers felt multiple doses of vaccines could harm the children while others believe that polio is a result ofa child being indebted in the spirit world.Myths and misconceptions regarding immunization are still rife in most Nigerian communities. There is need to debunkthem through health education in order to ensure success of the country’s immunization program.BiographyAniekan J. Etokidem had his postgraduate training in Public Health/Community Medicine at both the National Postgraduate Medical College ofNigeria and the West African Postgraduate Medical College. He is currently the Head of Department of Community Medicine at the Universityof Calabar/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. His research works have been published in both national and internationaljournals. He is interest in immunization transcend academic and professional realm. He is also a Rotarian, contributing his talent, time and treasureto polio eradication activities in Nigeria.etokidem@etokidem.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 114

Yan Liang et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAg85A/ESAT-6 chimeric DNA vaccine caused hypersensitivity response in miceYan Liang 1 , Xueqiong Wu 1 and Zhongming Li 21Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, China2Vaccine Research Laboratory, Shanghai H&G Biotechnology Company, ChinaWe studied the effects of Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA vaccine alone or in combination with anti-TB drugs for the treatment ofmouse TB model. In the first experiment, the mice infected with MDR isolate HB361 were variously treated with plasmidpVAX1, RFP, PZA, Ag85A DNA, Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA, or Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA combined with either RFP or PZA. In thesecond experiment, the mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv were treated with saline, plasmid pVAX1, M. vaccae vaccine,Ag85A DNA, or Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA plus Ag85A/ESAT-6 protein boost. The mice in Ag85A DNA group all survived in the twoexperiments, but in the first experiment all ten mice were dead at 1 to 2 days after the fifth immunization with Ag85A/ESAT-6DNA. In the second experiment 13 of 16 mice were dead at 2 days after the booster immunization with Ag85A/ESAT-6 protein.Only 2 of 10 mice were dead at 29 days after the fifth treatment using Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA combined with RFP in the MDR-TBmodel, and the live mice had reduced the pulmonary and splenic bacterial loads by 0.88 and 0.85 logs respectively compared withthe RFP only group. Histopathology showed acute pulmonary edema and vasculitis in lungs of the three surviving mice fromAg85A/ESAT-6 DNA vaccine plus Ag85A/ESAT-6 protein boost group. These data suggest that Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA did notimprove the immunotheraputic effect of Ag85A on TB infection in mice. The over-expression of ESAT-6 protein and multipleimmunizations using Ag85A/ESAT-6 DNA apparently caused a hypersensitivity response when used in immunotherapeuticimmunization strategies.BiographyYan Liang, MD, Ph.D, Associate Professor of Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, the Institute of Tuberculosis Research, the309 th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100091, China. She does research on tuberculosis (TB) in the following directions: (1) New TB vaccines; (2)the new, rapid diagnostic techniques of TB.amy5919@sina.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 115

Nicholas Ayebazibwe, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEffect of immunization reminder-recall systems in rural AfricaNicholas AyebazibweAfrican Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) Secretariat, UgandaBackground: Despite substantial investment in routine immunization programs over recent decades, low vaccination coverageand high drop-out rates (i.e., proportion of children who received the first dose of pentavalent vaccine but do not receive the thirddose) still remain a challenge in many developing countries, including Uganda.Objective: To demonstrate the effect of a reminder/recall system in increasing immunization coverage and reducing drop-out rates.Methods: A 6 month intervention was conducted in Kyalulangira, a rural sub-county of Rakai district. Mobilisers registeredall children at their first contact with the immunization program and visited caregivers to remind them of upcoming sessions.Caregivers of children who did not return at the appropriate time were again visited by the mobilisers, and recalled for thenext session. Mobilisers followed children until completion of their routine immunization series. Routine monitoring was donein Kibanda, the control sub-county. Population-based cluster surveys were conducted among children aged 12-23 months atbaseline (April 2007) and evaluation (November 2007) in both sub-counties to assess vaccination coverage and drop-out.Results: Coverage with the final vaccine series doses (i.e pentavalent dose 3 and measles vaccine) increased 16-24 percentagepoints in the intervention sub-county, and remained stable in the control. Drop-out was reduced, from 21% to 11% (p

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAccepted Abstracts(Oral)Page 117

Abebe Mengesha et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASafety and potency test for experimental cell culture based anti-rabies vaccine produced in EthiopiaAbebe Mengesha, Newayeselassie B, Hurrisa B, Beyene M, Denis B, Artem M, Kerga S and Urga KEthiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, EthiopiaObjective: To determine potency and safety of the experimental formalin inactivated cell culture based anti-rabies vaccines.Methodology:Mice: 10-16 g weight, 2 weeks age mice with identical sex were used.Inactivation: The viral suspension was thawed and formalin inactivation was done using a concentration of 1:5000 vol/vol andincubated at 37 0 C for 48 h with shaking twice a day.Safety Test: Safety test determines the presence of residual virulent virus and any bacterial contamination in the vaccine.Presences of residual virus were done on mice and any other contamination tested bacteriologically.Potency Test: Potency test determines the degree of protection conferred by the vaccine in immunized mice challenged withchallenge virus strain. This test was performed using National Institutes of Health (NIH) test.Immunization: Mice were immunized at day 0 and 7 with five different concentrations for test vaccine and four differentconcentrations for control vaccine, 16 mice in each dilution. The control vaccine used was Vero Rab vaccine which wasproduced by Sanofi Pasteur.Challenge Test: Standard CVS strain from CDC was used for challenging. Mice were challenged on 14 th day of immunizationwith challenge virus strain (CVS-11) of 25 MLD 50/0.03 ml. The mice were observed for 14 days.Result: Potency of our test vaccine calculated using NIH test was 8.32 IU for ERA and 2.5 IU for PV results were obtained.Conclusion: Based on the result it can be concluded that, both of our vaccines have higher potency than required for single doseof anti rabies vaccine. Therefore these can be diluted to standard vaccine potency and be used for animal immunization.agagurmu@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 118

Afshineh Latifynia et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAA comparison of effect of new formulation antigen on Th1 & Th2 cytokine profiles, and,their relationship with spleen' white pulp size expansion in balb/c mice, post challengingwith Leishmania majorAfshineh Latifynia, A. Khamesipour, Gharagozlou M. J., Mohebali M., Hajaran H. and N. KhansariTehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of IranHuman leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with a prevalence of 12 millioncases and an approximately incidence of 0.5 million cases of VL and 1.5 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).Leishmania parasites are vector-born protozoan pathogens found in tropical and subtropical regions of both the old and newworld. The disease in human can be divided into cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal syndromes. The aim of this study was toconduct more experiments over our previous new formulation modify leishmania major antigen that had satisfactory results,before.In this study we have made preliminarily new vaccine with the same methodology again and selected two injection doses(100 & 200 μg/0.1ml), three injection groups: Leishmania plus BCG (LB), Leishmania plus new adjuvant (Teucrium Polium)[LT],leishmania plus BCG and Teucrium Polium (LBT),and one susceptible mice(Balb/c) and measure two type cytokines: Th1(IFN-γ,IL-12) and Th2(IL-4,IL-10) and expansion of white pulp size after challenge with live leishmania. Results show that both dosesover LBT group have highest IL-12, lowest IL-10 and highest increasing in spleen’s white pulp size, whether; other two groupshave lower IL-12, higher IL-10 and lowest increasing in spleen’s white pulp size in susceptible mice. When all of the three groupsand two genius Balb/c mice (male/female), considered, and without consideration injection dose, the largest white pulp size wereseen in female Balb/c LBT group, and smallest white pulp size were seen in male Balb/c LT group).Conclusion: Our study show that in Balb/c mice, best injection group that produced highest IL-12 and lowest IL-10 and highestincreasing in spleen’s white pulp size, is LBT group, which have significant differences with others. This finding show that,adjuvant BCG both Teucrium have synergic effect with together.BiographyAfshineh Latifynia has completed her M.Sc. at the age 33 years from Tehran University and is studying M.Phil. courses of her Ph.D. in PrimaryImmunodefi ciency Research Center in Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). She has published more than 10 papersin PubMed, Scopus, and one of them had choice as ten top articles in 2010, and top twenty in 2011, and another one, as twenty fi ve hot tops articlein 2010. She has three articles under review and also has two articles in the pre submit step. She is teacher and researcher in the Department ofImmunology, Faculty of Medicine, TUMS, and her Ph.D. thesis is about MSMD (Mendelian Susceptibility Mycobacterium Disease).alatifynia@sina.tums.ac.irJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 119

I. Khalili et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAChitosan as an adjuvant for preparation of inactivated influenza vaccineI. Khalili 1 , M. Fathi Najafi 1 and S. Avagyan 21Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Inst.Northwest, Iran2Agrarian National University Armenia ANUA Yerevan, ArmeniaInfluenza A viruses infects a wide range of animal species and human. Among the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes,H9N2 would be used for rapid intervention should be safe to use and highly effective after a single administration. Chitosanmicroparticles have already been proposed as a new adjuvant in inactivated avian Influenza (H9N2) vaccine immunization. Virushas the potential to cause an influenza pandemy and vaccination is a common solution for this problem. The aim of the presentwork was to investigate the potential utility of chitosan microparticles as new parenterally vaccine delivery vehicles.For this purpose, chitosan microparticles were prepared according to a modified ionic gelation method and inactivatedantigen was loaded in 1 HAU concentration. Loading capacity of microparticles was determined by Hemaglutinization (HA)method. ISA70 vaccine as a standard adjuvant with same loading size was used in beside. For vaccine-antibody response assay,different volumes of prepared vaccines (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ml) were injected via subcutaneous rout in 21-days-old specific pathogenfree cheekiness. Vaccine induced AIV-specific antibodies after single vaccination, measured at 6 weeks after vaccination withHemagglutinin Inhibition (HI) and ELISA methods.Elisa and HI Log 2 total mean titer of chitosan groups were significantly increased in 3 weeks after vaccine administration(p0.05). Titer of ISA70experimental vaccine in mentioned preparations condition was not reasonable.So, these kinds of vaccines induce appropriate antibody titers after a single immunization and with a low dose of antigen.Also, chitosan microparticles represent an interesting new platform for antigen delivery and a promising adjuvant candidate forH9N2 inactivated influenza vaccine.Keywords: Chitosan, microparticle, adjuvant, influenza, virus, ELISABiographyIraj Khalili is Director Manager at Razi vaccine and serum research institute. He graduated at DVM in 1995. He started his job at Razi Companyin 1997 in fi eld of pharmaceutical and vaccine producing. There are more than 60 biological productions in fi eld of veterinary and medicine. He isincharge of Razi vaccine and serum research institute (Northwest) branch since 2007. He is planning his Ph.D. pre-defence at ANUA in Armenia.iraj_dv4953@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 120

Hemanta Koley et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmunogenicity and protective efficacy of multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles ofshigellae in animal modelHemanta Koley and Soma MitraNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, IndiaImmunization of adult female mice with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Shigella boydii type 4 protected their offspringpassively from shigellosis. Now, we have advanced our research by formulating multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles(MOMVs) mixing the OMVs of S. dysenteriae 1 Δstx, S. flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, S. boydii type 4 and S. sonnei toachieve a broad spectrum protection against shigellosis. Adult mice were immunized orally with 50μg of MOMVs, four timesat weekly intervals. Immunological parameters were observed at various time points, before, during and after immunization,in adult mice. Passive protection was examined in their offspring by measuring protective efficacy and studying intestinalcolonization, after challenging with various Shigella strains. Immunized dams exhibited a consistent broad spectrum antibodyresponse. Three to four day-old offspring of immunized dams showed significant long term passive protection against Shigellaflexneri 2a, 3a, 6, S. boydii type 2 and S. dysenteriae 1 challenge. Their stomach extracts, containing mainly milk from the dams,have also exhibited significant levels of anti-MOMVs immunoglobulins. In conclusion, MOMVs formulation represents an easy,safe immunization strategy that was found suitable to provide complete passive protection to the neonatal mice against all fourserogroups of Shigellae. This formulation could be exploited for the development of a novel non-living vaccine against humanshigellosis in our near future.BiographyHemanta Koley, after completion of his master’s degree in Human Physiology from Calcutta University, he joined in NICED, Beliaghata, Calcutta,India, for his Ph.D. work. In 1996, he worked as Associate Professor in College of Medical Sciences, Nepal, where he devoted entire heartily inteaching medical students till 2001. He moved to Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA for postdoctoral research. Healso worked in Gastroenterology Section, Harvard Medical School as Research Associate. His present research interest is to understand signaltransduction pathways in immune and infl ammatory cells during diarrhoea and also to study the nature of protection against diarrhoeal pathogenslike Vibrio cholera, Salmonella and Shigella in different animal models. He has published 43 original papers and 50 abstracts in his credit. He hassecured patent for a process for the preparation of Cholera Vaccine-VA1.3. (European Patent Offi ce; Patent No. - 97309957.5-2105 on 19/05/98).Dr. Koley received Young Scientist Award in IUPS, August 26-31, 2001.hemantakoley@hotmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 121

Jiang Zhu, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USACombining next-generation sequencing and protein design-A systematic approach to vaccinedevelopmentJiang ZhuThe Scripps Research Institute, USAElicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies is a major goal of vaccine development. Antibody identification and immunogendesign are two critical components of a rational vaccine design strategy and have become the focus of recent technologydevelopment. We demonstrated that next-generation sequencing could capture 106-107 diverse antibody sequences fromperipheral blood sample of HIV-1 infected donors, thus enabling an in-depth analysis of somatic population, maturation pathwayand lineage intermediates. We further extended the application of this technology, now termed antibodyomics, to the de novoantibody identification. Using a novel evolution-based method, we identified over a dozen of broadly neutralizing VRC01-likeantibodies from a HIV-infected individual, C38. Despite their low representation in the sequenced repertoire and low homology tothe known VRC-1 like antibodies, these antibodies could potently neutralize ~80% of the HIV-1 isolates. In terms of immunogendesign, the concept of “epitope-scaffolds” has been recently advanced as a possible solution and showed some success in thedesign of epitope-specific antigens. Using a novel protein design technique of transplanting epitope onto heterologous proteinscaffolds, we designed over 100 epitope-scaffold immunogens for three major epitopes on the HIV-1 viral spike - V1/V2, V3 andMPER. A subset of these designed proteins have been validated experimentally and some showed nanomolar binding affinity forthe target broadly neutralizing antibodies, making these promising vaccine candidates. It is foreseeable that the combined use ofantibodyomics and protein design will provide a powerful tool for vaccine development for HIV, as well as for other infectiousdiseases.BiographyJiang Zhu obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Science and Technology of China and conducted his postdoctoral work at Howard HughesMedical Institute and Columbia University. From 2009 to 2012, he was a staff scientist at the National Institutes of Health and co-headed thebioinformatics core section in the NIH Vaccine Research Center. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Immunology andMicrobial Science and a joint faculty member in the Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology at the Scripps ResearchInstitute. He is also a member of the Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology & Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID).jiang@scripps.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 122

Aleksandar Masic et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEight segment swine influenza virus containing H1 and H3 Hemagglutinins as a candidatefor novel vaccine in pigsAleksandar Masic 1 , Hyun-Mi Pyo 2 , Shawn Babiuk 3 and Yan Zhou 21Bioniche Life Sciencies Inc, Canada2University of Saskatchewan, Canada3Canadian Food Inspection Agency, CanadaInfections with swine influenza virus (SIV) cause significant economic loss in the pork industry and presents continuous publichealth concern. Currently used vaccines against SIV are killed and their protection efficiency in the field is limited. Consideringa pandemic potential of a novel influenza viruses emerging through the process of genetic reassortment in pigs, the importance ofa vaccination is highlighted as the most effective countermeasure. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) provide strong, longlived,cell mediated and humoral immunity against different influenza subtypes without the need for perfect antigen matching.Here we report a generation of potential LAIV, an eight segment SIV harbouring two different SIV hemagglutinins (H1 and H3).The chimeric H1H3 HA segment is constructed by fusing the H3 HA ectodomain with the non-coding region, cytoplasmic tail,transmembrane domain and stalk region of NA segment from H1N1 SIV. This H1H3 mutant SIV showed similar kinetics andgrowth properties to parental wild type virus in vitro when exogenous neuraminidase is provided. However the H1H3 mutantSIV was highly attenuated in pigs, demonstrating the great potential to serve as LAIV with broad protection.BiographyAleksandar Masic graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at University of Belgrade, Serbia and completed his Ph.D. program at theVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO) at University of Saskatchewan, Canada. Aleksandar did his postdoctoral training at the NationalCenter for Foreign Animal Disease-Canadian Food Inspection Agency (NCFAD-CFIA) in Winnipeg, Canada working on the development of influenzavaccines for domestic animals. Currently he holds the position of Director for Clinical Research and Development at Bioniche Life Sciences Inc. andis responsible for all the clinical work as well as for development and evaluation of new technologies that can be used in vaccine development. Heis also adjunct faculty member with the pathobiology department at Ontario Veterinary College at University of Guelph, Canada. He is an author ofseveral manuscripts published in peer-per viewed journals.aleksandar.masic@Bioniche.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 123

Yu Qi et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPathological observation of DNA vaccines on mice infected with multi-drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisYu Qi, Bai Xuejuan and LiningThe 309 th Hospital, P. R ChinaObjective: By observing the histopathological changes in lung, liver and spleen of mice, to study the therapeutic effects of DNAvaccines (HSP60 DNA, Ag85A DNA, Ag85A DNA combined with rifampin, chimeric Ag85A/ESAT-6, chimeric Ag85A/ESAT-6combined with rifampin) in the mouse model of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Methods: Pathogen-free female B/C mice of 6-8 weeks of age were purchased 80 BALB/c mice were infected with strain HB361by intratail-vein injection HB361,which was resistant to high level of RFP, and low level of isoniazid (INH), and then were dividedinto 8 groups. After 3 days, the mice were treated by saline, vector Pvax1, rifampin, HSP60 DNA, Ag85A DNA, Ag85A DNAcombined with rifampin, chimeric Ag85A/ESAT-6, chimeric Ag85A/ESAT-6, combined with rifampin for 60 days, respectively.The mice were killed after 3 weeks’ treatment. We observed the lung, liver and spleen pathological changes and counted theresidual TB in spleen by acid-fast staining.Results: The Pathological condition of lung, liver and spleen in mice treated by DNA vaccine were better than the control groups,especially the Ag85A DNA groups and Ag85A DNA combined with rifampin group. Also the residual TB of the Ag85A DNAgroups and Ag85A DNA combined with rifampin group were least in spleen.Conclusions: We can evaluate the therapeutic effects of DNA vaccine objectively and accurately according to the histopathologicalchanges in lung, liver and spleen. And the results show that Ag85A DNA vaccine could be an effective agent to therapy the mouseinfected by MDR-TB.BiographyYu Qi has completed her M.D. at the age of 27 years from Medical School of Chongqing University. She is the associate senior doctor. She haspublished more than 15 papers in academic journal.2006njc@sohu.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 124

Hassen Mamo, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAntibodies by non-febrile, smear-negative individuals from a malaria epidemic setting inEthiopia are reactive to Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage-vaccine candidate antigensHassen MamoAddis Ababa University, EthiopiaPlasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern globally though there is some decline in the number ofclinical cases and deaths due to scaling up of control efforts in recent times. Evaluation of the anti-malarial immune profile, inpopulations residing in epidemic-prone areas in the dry season or at the time when vector control largely reduced man-mosquitocontact, would help understand the duration of immune reactivity. A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate antibodyresponses to four P. falciparum blood-stage-vaccine candidate antigens in non-febrile individuals from Shewa Robit in northcentral Ethiopia where malaria transmission was at a minimal level as a result of the sampling season and effective vector control.Blood samples were analyzed microscopically for Plasmodium detection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG) antibodies to apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), glutamate-rich protein(GLURP) R2 region and merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) allelic variants (3D7 & FC27). Study participants were smearnegativefor malaria. The antigens tested were well-recognized by the test sera although significant differences were observedin antibody prevalence and level between the different antigens and there was inter-individual variability. There was no serumsample that was not antibody positive against at least one antigen. IgG response to the antigens showed age-related pattern. Thedata suggests that individuals in an unstable and epidemic-prone malaria setting have reactive antibodies that readily recognizeP. falciparum blood-stage vaccine candidate antigens in the absence of slide-positivity.Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, malaria, immunoglobulin, ELISA, Ethiopia, vaccine, antigen.binmamo@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 125

Ali Shams et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAssessment of antibody titers and immunity to Hepatitis B in children after chemotherapyAli Shams, Faeze Salehi, Azam Hashemi, Mahmood Vakili, Fateme Zare and Nasrin EsphandyariShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, IranObjective: There is a decrease in vaccine-specific antibody to certain vaccine-preventable diseases in children after chemotherapy,but the frequency of non-immune patients is not clear. In this case-control study, we investigated protection level to Hepatitis Binfection in children 6 months after completing chemotherapy.Methods: In this study 68 patients with cancer and 68 healthy donors were enrolled. Patients were 1.5 -12 years old with completedstandard chemotherapy at least for 6 months. All the patients and healthy donors were negative for HBsAg and HBeAg and hadreceived Hepatitis B vaccination. IgG antibody concentrations against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) were determined in the patientsand healthy subjects serum by ELISA method. IgG antibody titer > 10 mIU/ml was considered as baseline protective titer forpreventing HBV infection.Results: Anti-HBs antibody titer in 19.12% of patients was less than 10 mIU/ml and 11.76% of the patients had borderlineantibody titer (10-20 mIU/ml). In healthy subjects 2.94% and 5.88% had antibody titer < 10 mIU/ml and 10-20 mIU/mlrespectively. According to statistical analysis frequency of non immune subjects in children with cancer was significantly higherthan those in healthy children (PV=0.024).Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccination post-intensive chemotherapy in the children with cancer is strongly recommended.Keywords: Hepatitis B infection, vaccination, cancer, immunity.alishams@ssu.ac.irJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 126

Oladipo Aina et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASocioeconomic status of women and immunization status of under five children in northernNigeria: A case study of poliomyelitis in Kaduna StateOladipo AinaAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria, NigeriaChildhood illness plays an important role in the adverse health status of children under five years of age in northern Nigeria.Since around 1989, concerted efforts have been made to reduce the problem of infant morbidity and mortality in Nigeria,mainly through routine immunization and supplemental campaigns (door to door), and in spite of a 99% reduction in poliomyelitisprevalence worldwide, Nigeria still accounts for the highest prevalence of circulating wild polio virus in the world and the countryis among the ten countries in the world with vaccine coverage below 50 percent. Mainly epidemiologic and anthropologic studieshave been carried out using the NDH (National Demographic and Health) database to explicate the probable factors responsiblefor these poor indicators of child health, particularly in the north eastern part of Nigeria. This research, using sociological toolsof investigation will attempt an interpretative, critical understanding of the socioeconomic status of women and immunizationstatus of under fives, with particular reference to poliomyelitis, in Kaduna state, north central Nigeria.The study was carried out in Sabongari Local Government Area of Kaduna state, north central Nigeria with an estimatedpopulation of 291,358 (NPC, 2008) among two hundred and seventy two women of childbearing age. Of these, one hundred andtwenty had children who had AFP (poliomyelitis) and one hundred and fifty two women who did not have children with AFP intheir households. The respondents were selected purposively using multi stage sampling procedure, by stratification.Key words: socio-economic status, immunization status, poliomyelitis, northern Nigeria.BiographyOladipo Aina has completed his M.Sc and M.Res at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and University of Aberdeen, Scotland and presently workingon his Ph.D at the University of Aberdeen Scotland. He is presently a Lecturer in the Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria where he teaches medical students medical sociology, behavioral science and health education in addition to supervising fi nal year medicalstudents’ projects in Community Medicine . He has published about fi ve articles in local and international journals in addition to working as consultantto many local and international NGOs working in Nigeria in the area of public healthdip.yej2001@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 127

Ahmad Daryani et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADetermination of Toxoplasma gondii parasitic load in balb/c mice immunized with ESA ofRH strain using real time Q-PCRAhmad Daryani, Yousef Dadimoghaddam, Mehdi Sharif, Mohammad Bagher Hashemi, Hamed Kalani, Shabeddin Sarvi, Hajar Ziaei,Alireza Khalilian and Ehsan AhmadpourMazandaran University of Medical Sciences, IranIntroduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite in different cells of human beings and animals. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate presence and movement trend of T. gondii tachyzoites in different tissues of Balb/c, after immunizationwith Excretory Secretory Antigens (ESA).Material and Methods: This experimental survey has been performed on 24 Balb/c mice in case and control groups. Forimmunization of mice, two times, in intervals of two weeks, case group (n=12) received 40 μL ESA+40 μL Adjuvant and controlgroup got 40 μL PBS+40 μL Adjuvant.Two weeks after the second immunization, mice were challenged with 1×10 4 alive and the active tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strainand on days 1, 2, 3 and the last day (before death) after challenge, different tissues (eye, muscle, kidney, heart, brain, spleen, bloodand liver) of 3 mice from each group were prepared and DNA extraction, parasite load of tissues has been evaluated by real timeQ-PCR.Results: Toxoplasma after intraperitoneal injection, in both case and control groups were able to move to various tissues. In thecase group receiving Excretory Secretory Antigens (ESA), parasite load in eye, kidney, brain, blood and liver was less than controlgroup.Conclusion: Hence, ESA reduced the parasite load, but could not inhibit the distribution and presence of Toxoplasma in differenttissues.Keywords: Movement trend, Toxoplasma gondii, tissue, Balb/c, immunization, Excretory Secretory Antigens (ESA), real timeQ-PCR.daryaniahmad@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 128

Aiswariya Chidambaram, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAStrategic analysis of the European vaccines market for infectious diseases - understandingthe quantitative aspects and leveraging growth opportunities for vaccines manufacturersAiswariya ChidambaramFrost & Sullivan, IndiaThis research service aims to assess and analyze the European vaccines market, particularly the key five countries of WesternEurope namely Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain, map the key trends and dynamics shaping the industrysector, and provide economic revenue forecasts and strategic recommendations for the success of the market participants. TheEuropean vaccines market, valued at $6.36 billion in 2011 is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.6 per centover the next seven years. Market segmentation is done based on demographics which include adult and paediatric vaccines aswell the key infectious diseases which include Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR), Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP), influenza,hepatitis, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) cancer, rotavirus infection, meningococcal and pneumococcal diseases. AlthoughEurope has been enjoying the leadership position in the global vaccines market over a decade in terms of vaccines research,development, and production, a rapid shift in power to the United States and the narrowing of the gap between the two regionsis anticipated in the future, owing to the rapid growth, increasing R&D investments and relative competitiveness of the UnitedStates. As vaccine manufacturers increasingly leverage the novel technologies, and potential late-stage vaccine candidates progressthe pipeline and reach the commercialisation stage, several new vaccines for both infectious diseases such as AIDS, dengue fever,tuberculosis, and malaria as well as non-infectious diseases like diabetes, allergies, Alzheimer’s disease, cancers, addictions, andpublic health threats (bio-terrorism) are likely to be available in the future. Next-generation vaccines such as edible plant-basedvaccines are also likely to have a significant impact on vaccine development. Research methodology involves extensive secondaryresearch from sources such as Frost & Sullivan’s in-house database, company annual reports, scientific journals, private and publicorganisations such as WHO, EBC, Alzheimer Europe and so on as well primary interviews with industry stake holders such astier 1 and tier 2 companies, industry associations, healthcare providers and regulatory authorities.BiographyAiswariya Chidambaram is a senior research analyst within the healthcare practice of Frost & Sullivan. She has authored several syndicated andcustomised market research reports on key therapeutic and service areas for both the European and Global pharmaceutical and biotechnologymarkets. Besides she has contributed articles, briefings and interviews to widely read publications worldwide such as PharmaVoice, European PublicService Review, European Biopharmaceutical Review, to name a few and has also identifi ed and awarded companies demonstrating excellence inspecifi c market segments and technologies in the healthcare industry. Aiswariya has completed her B.Tech in Biotechnology from Anna University.AiswariyaC@Frost.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 129

Alison McCormick et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAProtection from H1N1 influenza virus challenge with a single dose HA subunit protein vaccineAlison McCormick 1 , Jyothi Mallajosuyla 1 , Trushar Jeevan 2 , Richard Webby 2 , Ernie Hiatt 3 and Gregory Pogue 31Touro University California, USA2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, USA3Kentucky BioProcessing, USASubunit vaccines have much promise in solving unmet needs in vaccine development. There are many infectious diseases forwhich a killed pathogen is not practical, and for many infectious diseases, there is a single antigenic protein against whicha protective immune response is made. For example, neutralizing antibodies against the H1N1 hemagglutinin protein (HA) ofinfluenza are sufficient to attenuate pathogenicity, and improve survival after virus exposure. Many HA protein vaccines havebeen successfully tested as candidate vaccine alternatives to attenuated or killed virus made in eggs. However, most require twodose vaccine administration for full protection in influenza challenge studies. Our group has used conjugation of HA proteinto plant-derived Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) as a novel method of antigen delivery that profoundly improves subunit vaccinepotency. TMV is easily produced at large scale in tobacco plants, is safe, non-infectious, and provides excellent antigen delivery todendritic and other important antigen presenting cells. By conjugating HA protein to the surface of TMV, we are able to stimulatehigh titer IgG responses and inhibition of hemagglutination, with or without an adjuvant. Importantly, we can also protect 100%of mice from a lethal H1N1 Influenza virus challenge 30 days after single dose vaccination. Additional studies are underway todetermine if a TMV-HA formulation can improve the potency of a subunit vaccine derived from H5N1. Our strategy representsa significant advance in subunit vaccine formulation, and has the potential to expand the development of other subunit vaccinesthat currently lack single dose potency.BiographyAlison McCormick has completed her Ph.D. at University of California, San Diego, and postdoctoral studies from Stanford University Schoolof Medicine. She has 15 years of industry experience in plant made vaccines and therapeutics, and is currently Professor of Biological andPharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, at Touro University California. She is considered an expert in plant-made vaccines.alison.mccormick@tu.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 130

Birhanu Hurisa et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASafety and immunogenicity of ETHIORAB rabies vaccineBirhanu Hurisa 1 , Belete Tegbaru 1 , Dagmar Nolkes 4 , Abebe Mengesha 1 , Sisay Kerga 1 , Gezahegn Kebede 1 , Amdemicael Adhanom 1 ,Alemayehu Godana 1 , Dereje Nigussie, Gashew Gabrewold 1 , Denis Bankovisky 2 , Arthem Metlin 3 and Kelbessa Urga 11Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia2Pokrov Plant of Biologics, Russian Federation3Federal Centre for Animal Health, Russian Federation4Haramaya University, EthiopiaWorldwide, rabies in dogs is the source of 99% of human infections. This makes dogs known victims of the rabies virus thatmakes them potential both as carriers and transmitters to human being. Pre and post-exposure prophylaxis are means toeither protect it before or after the exposure to the virus. Vero cell culture based rabies vaccine “ETHIORAB” manufactured byEthiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute was subjected for safety and immunogenicity studies. The obtained vaccinewas tested on mice and satisfactory safety result was observed. Twelve experimental dogs from local common breed and thesame aged were duly conditioned during a quarantine period, and then vaccinated via the subcutaneous route with 1 ml of 1IU/ml of ETHIORAB rabies vaccine. Four milliliters of blood from each dog were drawn on days 0 (pre-vaccination), 7, 15, 21,30, 60 and 90. The serum samples were coded and kept frozen at 20°C throughout the study period. To evaluate the titer of therabies neutralizing antibody, sera were analyzed by Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization (FAVN) test. Serum neutralizingantibody titers to rabies virus was determined at days 7, 15, 21, 30, 60 and 90. Mean titers were equal to 1.59, 1.73, 2.19, 3.58,3.35 and 3.17 IU/ml respectively. All dogs showed rabies neutralizing antibody titer higher than the 0.5 IU/ml mandated WHOthreshold. This study indicated ETHIORAB rabies vaccine manufactured in Ethiopia was found to be safe and immunogenic.Keywords: Dogs; ETHIORAB; titer; immunogenicity; safety.bhurrish@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 131

D. N. Rao, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAMultiple peptide antigen (MAP) approach for V antigen of Y. pestis as a vaccine candidateD. N. RaoAIIMS, New DelhiYersin pestis is the causative agent of the most deadly disease plague. F1 & V antigens are the vaccine candidates. We were thefirst to map the B and T cell epitopes on F1 and V antigen and when we linked B-T and studied humoral, cellular and mucosalimmune responses and in vivo protective study during challenge experiments, few B-T constructs showed complete protection ascompared to native antigens. In this study, we followed multiple antigen peptide (MAP) approach towards development of subunitvaccine in which protective epitopes were assembled on a lysine backbone. MAP was synthesized containing seven peptidesof length varying from 15-25 aa on the lysine backbone. The authenticity of MAP was verified by amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGEand immunoblot. Palmitate was coupled at the end of amino terminus. MAP was encapsulated in microspheres (polylactide/glycolide beads) and immunized via intranasal with two immunoadjuvants murabutide (MB) and CpG ODN 1826 (CpG), in twostrains of mice while humoral and mucosal immune responses were studied till day 120 and memory response was checked byimmunizing with native V antigen.Epitope specific serum, mucosal washes IgG, IgA, IgG subclasses and specific activity were measured by indirect ELISA andsandwich ELISA respectively. MAP in saline and MAP in microspheres showed similar titres with maximum on day 60 witha titre of 1,02,400 which maintained till day 90 and declined to 51,200 on day 120. On day 135 the titres increased to 1,02,400showing good memory response after challenge with native V antigen. Out of, MAP +MB and MAP +CpG, and MAP +MB+CpGformulations MAP in CpG showed maximum peak titres 4,05,600 on day 60. The MAP +MB and MAP +CpG showed similarpeak titres with maximum 2,04,800 on day 60. The specific activity levels, which indicate local antibody production, correlatedwell with the antibody levels. When IgG subclasses were estimated, the MAP in saline and MAP +MB showed higher levels ofIgG1 indicating Th1 directing immune response whereas MAP in microspheres, and MAP+CpG+MB showed a mixed IgG1 andIgG2a/2b indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 directing immune response.In the mucosal washes, MAP+CpG showed maximum IgG peak titres of 6,400 and 3,200 while MAP +MB and MAP+MB+CpG showed 3,200 and 1,600 on day 60 in intestinal washes and lung washes respectively and the IgA peak titres forMAP+CpG were maximum with 3,200 and 1,600 while MAP +MB and MAP +MB+CpG showed 1,600 and 800 in intestinalwashes and lung washes respectively. Secretory component in mucosal washes was also detected showing the presence of SIgA.This study revealed that MAP is highly immunogenic with high and long lasting antibody titres in serum as well as in mucosalwashes with good recall response and this approach can be used for sub unit vaccine development for plague. Currently, we areperforming in vivo protective study.dnrao311@rediffmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 132

Ghaffarifar F et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEvaluating DNA vaccine encoding GRA5 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c miceGhaffarifar F 1 , Naserifar R 1 , Dalimi A 1 and Sharifi Z 21Tarbiat Modares University, Iran2High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, IranBackground: Severe or lethal damages of toxoplasmosis clearly indicate the need for the development of a more effective vaccine.Immunization with recombinant plasmid encoding protective proteins is a promising vaccination technique. Therefore, thisstudy aimed to evaluate the immunization with plasmid encoding GRA5 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three groups of BALB/c mice (n=10 in each group) were selected usingsimple random sampling. GRA5 gene was cloned into pcDNA3 plasmid and purified by plasmid purification kits and thenthe product was injected (IM). To determine the status of cellular and humoral immunity, the Il-4, IFN-y and IgG, IgG2a, IgGsubtypes were evaluated respectively using the ELISA-based assay.Results: The group immunized with pcGRA5 indicated a significant augmented response in humoral and cellular immunity(P≤0.05) which was confirmed by MTT test. The mean survival time for the experimental and control groups were 9 and 6 days,respectively.Conclusion: The immunized mice by pcGRA5 produce the higher titers of IFNγ indicated a Th1 response which is confirmedby the high level of IgG2a. Findings of this study demonstrate that GRA5 gene of T. gondii can be a potential vaccine candidateagainst the toxoplasmosis.Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, DNA vaccine, GRA5 antigen, humoral immunity, cellular immunity.ghafarif@modares.ac.irJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 133

Lbachir BenMohamed et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAIs a Herpes vaccine possible? Setting up the road for next generation of herpes vaccinesLbachir BenMohamed and Tiffany KuoUniversity of California Irvine, USAsignificant portion of the world's population is infected with Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and/or HSV-2)A without the knowledge of it - even as HSV-1 and HSV-2 continue to spread globally. In the United States, about one in sixof the population between fourteen and forty-nine years of age are infected with HSV-2, which is equivalent to approximatelysixty million in absolute number, with the highest prevalence among non-Hispanic black individuals and the lowest among thoseof Asian descent. Globally, over 530 million are affected. The sub-Saharan African populations are most dramatically afflicted,with up to 80% of woman and 50% of men suffering from genital herpes (NHANES-2005-2010). Globally, HSV-1 is muchmore prevalent than HSV-2 (CDC), causing significant morbidity especially among young adults in western societies, where53% to 63% are sero-positive in the 2000s. Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, with ahigher prevalence in women. HSV-2, but not HSV-1, appears to be linked with a two- to three-fold increase in risk of HIV-1infection. In addition to causing painful blisters, the virus can cause death or encephalitis in newborns from vertical transmission.Meanwhile, it has been notoriously difficult to develop effective vaccines against herpes viruses, many of which have complexlife cycles and remain dormant in the body for long periods of time. Of note, the recent failure in vaccine strategies involvingthe employment of an envelope recombinant glycoprotein D (gD) have brought on additional challenges in securing financialendorsement from pharmaceutical companies. Despite these setbacks, we continue to advocate our approach through basicimmuno-virology: Understanding the immune mechanisms by which seropositive asymptomatic individuals are protected, therole of T cell system in the mucosa lining the genital tract in preventing HSV-2 acquisition, and the approach to boost effectormemory T cell responses through vaccination are all instrumental to gaining new grounds. In a recent herpes vaccine workshopconvened in Washington, DC, (October 22-23th 2012), the future of the HSV vaccine was discussed among basic researchers,funding agencies, and pharmaceutical representatives. We will: 1) assess the current status of herpes vaccine research, 2) identifythe gaps in our knowledge, and 3) propose our best approach in developing the next generation of herpes vaccine.Lbenmoha@uci.eduJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 134

Mathan Periasamy et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAInfluence of neonatal BCG vaccination and environmental mycobacteria in sensitizing theanti-mycobacterial activity of macrophagesMathan Periasamy, Manjula Datta, M. Kannapiran, V.D. Ramanathan and Perumal VenkatesanSree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, IndiaAn immuno-epidemiological study was performed to evaluate the effect of neonatal BCG vaccination and tuberculin responseon macrophage killing profile against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this epidemiological field work, the study subjectswere drawn from in and around Chennai city, South India. The descriptive epidemiological pattern of neonatal BCG vaccinationand its impact on tuberculin skin test were studied. The study subjects for the immunological laboratory experiments wererecruited based on the skin test (Mantoux) outcome, and were grouped in to four natural study groups which include vaccinatedreactors, vaccinated non-reactors, non-vaccinated reactors and non-vaccinated non-reactors. In immunological laboratory workpart, the elucidation of macrophage killing profile was studied for all the four groups and appropriate inter-comparisons weremade. The parameters used for the macrophage killing profile were; (i) Glutathione assay, (ii) Measurement of phagocytosis, (iii)Intracellular growth kinetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, (iv) Tumor necrosis factor- assay, and (v) Interferon- assay.The results found, in the BCG vaccinated tuberculin reactors the macrophage responses were significantly higher than the BCGvaccinated tuberculin non-reactors. There was no significant difference in the responses among the BCG vaccinated tuberculinreactors when compared to the non-vaccinated tuberculin reactors. The immune responses of non-vaccinated tuberculin reactorswere significantly higher than the vaccinated tuberculin non-reactors. These findings show that the immune response among theadolescents/young adults is elicited by exposure to mycobacteria and not by the neonatal BCG vaccination.Keywords: BCG vaccine, glutathione, IFN- macrophage, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, phagocytosis, TNF- and intracellulargrowth kinetics.BiographyMathan Periasamy has completed his Ph.D. degree from The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, India. He is having more than tenyears in teaching and his fi eld of interest is Microbiology and Immunology. He has received several awards in international and national conferencepresentations.mathanc@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 135

Mei X. Wu et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USALaser-based vaccine adjuvant and deliveryMei X. Wu, Ji Wang, Xinyuan Chen, Dilip K. Shah and Richard R. AndersonDermatology Department, Harvard Medical School and Affiliated faculty member of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston MA, USAWe develop a safe, laser-based adjuvant for cutaneous vaccination, which can be used immediately and unlimitedly atany time, irrespective of skin colors, for existing and new protein-based vaccines. The tentative laser apparatus is FDAapproved for home cosmetics. It is as small as a hand-held flashlight and extremely safe and convenient to use. Our investigationshowed that illumination of the injection site for 10 ms prior to intradermal (ID) vaccination could enhance immune responsessignificantly against the vaccine. When imiquimod (ImiQ or ALDARA 5%), an agonist for Toll-like receptor (TLR7) that isalso FDA approved for topical application in humans, was topically applied to the site of injection, laser illumination and ImiQsynergistically increased Th1 immune responses.The laser generates an array of microscopic thermal zones (MTZs) that are each about 100~300 μm in diameter and 300-1,000 μm in depth in the skin. The dead cells in MTZs release “danger signals” that attract and activate a huge number of antigenpresenting cells (APCs) around each MTZ. These APCs not only clean the dead cells in the MTZs but also take-up and processantigens ID injected. Because the APCs are concentrated around each MTZ, the resultant inflammation is microscopicallyrestricted and hardly visible in the skin. Moreover, each MTZ is surrounded by healthy growing epidermal cells that migrateand grow quickly toward the MTZ and completely heal the micro-zone in a day or two. As a result, skin reactogenicity wassignificantly diminished in terms of severity and duration with laser-ImiQ adjuvant as compared to that caused by the vaccinealone. For instance, we found that pre-illumination of the injection site augmented hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titersagainst seasonal or 2009-pandemic influenza vaccine by 10~20-folds over intramuscular (IM) immunization, but the resultantskin irritation was milder and resolved faster than flu vaccine alone. While ID immunization blocked viral production in the lungby 2-fold over IM vaccination, ID immunization with laser-ImiQ adjuvant resulted in a blockade of viral production by morethan 100-fold.Conclusion: Many current vaccine adjuvants cause significant skin irritation and are prohibited from skin vaccination. Laserbasedadjuvant is able to boost cutaneous vaccination without increasing adverse effects or an involvement of injecting anyadditives besides antigen itself. It holds great promise to safely boost cutaneous vaccination with a short- and long-term safety profile.BiographyMei X. Wu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Dermatology at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and an affi liated faculty of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology. She received her Ph.D. from Utah State University in 1992 and was then trained at MassachusettsInstitute of Technology and HMS. She has more than 50 publications in peer-reviewed journals and her research has been continuously supportedby various competitive funds from National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Defense, the American Cancer Society, the Crohn’s & ColitisFoundation of America, the American Heart Association, and Bill Gates Foundation.mwu5@partners.orgJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 136

Rania Abdel Hay, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USALive attenuated varicella vaccine: A new effective adjuvant weapon in the battlefield againstsevere resistant psoriasis, a randomized controlled trialRania Abdel HayCairo University, EgyptBackground: Treatment of resistant psoriasis may be difficult and immunotherapy was first reported in the treatment of psoriasisin the 1970's, using live measles vaccine with a high cure rate.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of live attenuated varicella vaccine as an adjuvant immunotherapeutic modality intreatment of severe resistant psoriasis.Methods: This randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study included 35 patients with severe resistant psoriasis. Patientswere randomly divided into 2 groups; group A (18 patients) and group B (17 patients) who all received cyclosporine at a dailydose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. In addition, group A received 4 doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine once/3 weeks, simultaneouslygroup B received 4 doses of subcutaneous saline in the same pattern as group A. Clinical assessment was based on the psoriasisarea and severity index score calculation at each visit. Final patient's response (week 12) was rated according to the physicianglobal assessment.Results: Group A showed significantly higher % of improvement in their PASI score (mean, 95% CI 81.83, 69.05-94.60) than groupB (mean, 95% CI 50.12, 34.58-65.66) (P=0.002). Group A achieved a more significant improvement in their score evaluationsthan group B. 83.3% (15/18) of group A achieved a meaningful improvement (≥50% improvement) versus 47.1% (8/17) of groupB (P=0.024). Adverse events were minimal and no drug discontinuation was needed.Conclusion: Taking into consideration some precautions, combined live attenuated varicella vaccine and relatively low dosecyclosporine demonstrated positive responses, and the treatment was well tolerated.BiographyRania Abdel Hay has completed his M.B.B.Ch at the age of 24 years from Cairo University and she is conducting her postgraduate studies as astudent at Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. She has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as anassociated editorial board member of repute.raniamounir@kasralainy.edu.egJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 137

Rivka Abulafia-Lapid, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAT-cell responsiveness to myelin sheath proteins (MSP)-derived peptides in multiple sclerosispatients of different disease types for a randomized, double-blind T cell vaccination clinical trialRivka Abulafia-LapidHadassah University Hospital, IsraelBackground: T-cell vaccination (TCV) for multiple sclerosis (MS) refers to treatment with autologous anti-myelin T-cells,attenuated by irradiation.Aim: In order to test anti-MSP autoimmunity in MS patients, T-cell specific responsiveness to the myelin sheath protein (MSP)-derived peptides were tested. Accordingly, a tailor-made specific vaccine was prepared for patients.Methodology: Here we report a cohort study testing T-cells isolated from 92 MS patients of 3 different disease types. The T-cellresponsiveness to nine synthetic peptides derived from the major immunogenic epitopes - MSP, MBP, MOG and PLP, were tested.The results of this prescreening study were used for enrollment eligibility and for tailor-made (each patient received his ownresponsive T-cell lines) vaccine preparation.Results and Suggestions: Of the 92 patients tested, 54 were RR-MS, 38 RP-MS, SP-MS; EDSS disease ranged from 1 to 7.0. Ofthe 54 RR-MS patients, 59% responded to at least one of the protein peptides; 28% responded to MBP, 40% to MOG and 42%to PLP. Of the 38 RP-MS, SP MS patients, 31% responded to at least one of the protein peptides with 18% to MBP, 21% to MOGand 23% to PLP. RR-MS patients’ response to myelin proteins was significantly higher than that of the RP-MS group suggesting ahigher level of autoimmune activity in RR-MS patients. It is apparent that MOG is highly relevant as a primary target antigen inMS in spite of its minute quantity in the brain (0.01%). As a result of the screening described above, 26 patients with progressiveMS were enrolled in the study (mean age: 39+9.8years; mean EDSS: 4.4±1.7). T-cell lines reactive to 9 different peptides of themyelin antigens, MBP, MOG and PLP, were raised from the patients’ peripheral blood, each patient according to the specificresponsiveness data. The clinical outcome of the study was recently reported as “T-cell vaccination befits relapsing progressivemultiple sclerosis patients in a randomized, double blind Clinical trial," PLoS ONE clinical trials 7 (12); 1-10, 2012. In addition, acorrelation was done between the T-cell responsiveness and the HLA-genotype from each patient for future peptide vaccine design.rivka_abulafia@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 138

Samuel Teshome, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADrinking water and sanitation status in Ethiopia: A literature surveySamuel TeshomeInternational Vaccine Institute, South KoreaThe world Health Organization estimates that up to 80% of all diseases in the world are caused by inadequate sanitation,polluted water or unavailability of water. In Ethiopia over 60% of the communicable diseases are due to poor environmentalhealth conditions arising from unsafe and inadequate water supply and poor hygienic and sanitary practices. Literature reviewwas conducted with focus on coverage and trends in safe water supply and sanitation status in Ethiopia. Pub med and WHOpublications search using key words: safe water supply, Sanitation, and Ethiopia was done. National library catalogues andministry of health reports on safe water supply, and Sanitation were reviewed. As of 2010, rural population access to drinkingwater is 61.5% and for urban population it is 88.6% with urban to rural discrepancy of 27.1%. The overall national access to safedrinking water for the same time period is 66.2%. The WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program (JMP) data however, indicatethe national coverage to be only 36% for same period. The review indicated that Pit latrine use increased to 64% in 2011from12% in 1996 while open field use decreased to 34% from 84%. Current trends show improved coverage of both safe water supplyand sanitation. This is attributable to the health extension program which is an innovative approach that links community healthworkers and individual families for safe water use and improved sanitary practices.BiographySamuel Teshome earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia in 1989. He did his post graduate training inPediatrics and Child Health at Addis Ababa University and Epidemiology at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Currently he is workingwith the International Vaccine Institute with a capacity of associate research scientist and provides support on cholera vaccine clinical trials and pilotdemonstration projects. He worked previously with World Health Organization on polio eradication program and other vaccine preventable diseasein Ethiopia and Sierra Leone.samteshome@gmail.com;sam_teshome2002@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 139

Yagya D. Sharma et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAMutation patterns in P. falciparum and P. knowlesi marker genes associated with drugresistance show discordance among mixed infection casesYagya D. Sharma 1 , Rupesh K. Tyagi 1 , Manoj K. Das 2 and Shiv S. Singh 31Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences2National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi3G.B. Pant Hospital, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar, IndiaHuman Plasmodium knowlesi infections have been reported from several Southeast Asian countries. The drug susceptibilityprofile of these two parasites in mixed infection cases need to be investigated. Here, we conducted PCR amplificationon blood samples of malaria patients living in Andaman and Nicobar islands of India for the presence of P. knowlesi smallsubunit ribosomal RNA. Besides 18S rRNA, merozoite surface protein1 (MSP1), chloroquine resistance transporter (CRT) anddihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes of P. knowlesi were also PCR amplified from the positive samples and sequenced. The CRTand DHFR genes of other Plasmodium species present in these samples were also sequenced. Only 53 of 445 samples showed P.knowlesi specific 18S rRNA gene amplification. While three of 53 cases (5.66%) had P. knowlesi mono-infection, rest were coinfectedwith P. falciparum (86.79%, n=46) or P. vivax (7.55%, n=4), but none with P. malariae, or P. ovale. There was discordancein the drug resistance associated mutations among co-infecting Plasmodium species as the P. knowlesi isolates contained the wildtype sequences of CRT and DHFR but the respective P. falciparum genes had mutations at the key amino acid positions associatedwith higher level of chloroquine and antifolate drug resistance. The mutation pattern indicates that the same patient, havingmixed infection, may be harboring the drug sensitive P. knowlesi and a highly drug resistant P. falciparum parasite. We concludethat a larger human population in Southeast Asia may be at the risk of P. knowlesi infections than reported so far. The differentdrug susceptibility genotypes of P. knowlesi than its co-infecting Plasmodium species in mixed infections adds a new dimensionto the malaria control program requiring formulation of the appropriate drug policy.ydsharma@hotmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 140

111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAAccepted Abstracts(Poster)Page 141

Atefeh Shahbazi, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAProduction of nano-dendrimer containing HPV E 16d candidate vaccine and evaluation ofits immune responses in laboratory murine modelAtefeh ShahbaziPasteur Institute Tehran, IranCervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. More than 99% of cervical cancers contain humanpapillomavirus (HPV) and HPV type 16 is the most common type in all countries. Papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis ismainly related to two proteins E6 and E7 that are consistently expressed in HPV positive cervical carcinomas and are consideredsubstantially for therapeutic implications.Although the size of these proteins is small, they can attach to the regulatory proteins in host cells, eliminate cell-mediatedimmunity, and causes malignancy in the target tissue. Up to now, different methods have been used for production of therapeuticvaccines against human papillomavirus. These vaccines have some advantages and disadvantages.Today, researchers are seeking for carriers that can be loaded with vaccines and enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of thevaccine, so they have gone into production of dendrimers and nanotechnology.Due to their interesting abilities for carrying DNA, passing through the membrane and their appropriate size, dendrimershave been used extensively in vaccine delivery. In terms of size, shape, length and functional surface groups, nano-dendrimersare very similar. They can place the molecules among their branches and protect them against external factors and release themin target tissues.In this study, nano-dendrimer based E7d protein as a vaccine candidate was made and then at the dose of 10mg wasadministered to the experimental groups. Two groups were vaccinated with Ed proteins; frond and alum adjutant and controlswere injected with PBS buffer and dendrimer.Mice were vaccinated subcutaneously three times at two weeks interval. Two weeks after the last injection the immuneresponses were evaluated. Lymphocyte proliferative responses by BrdU method and the cytokines IL-4, IFN-g, and total antibodyIgG1, IgG2a were evaluated with ELISA. Finally, the results are shown that dendrimer nano vaccine candidate based on E7d -protein provoke the cellular and humeral immune responses and could be a good candidate for study in humans.Keywords: Human papillomavirus, E7d protein.ghazal.shahbazii@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 142

Birhanu Hurisa et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAProduction of cell culture based anti-rabies vaccine in EthiopiaBirhanu Hurisa 1 , Abebe Mengesha 1 , Bethlehem Newayesilassie 1 , Sisay Kerga 1 , Gezahegn Kebede 1 , Denis Bankovisky 2 , Arthem Metlin 3and Kelbessa Urga 11Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia2Pokrov Plant of Biologics, Russian Federation3Federal Centre for Animal Health, Russian FederationPrevention and control of rabies in the world will require international efforts to increase the availability and use of high qualitycell-culture rabies vaccines for use in human and veterinary. An important aspect of activities to ensure such availability istransfer of technologies to developing countries for production of these vaccines. Methods for rabies virus manipulation havechanged fundamentally from random attenuation to defined modifications. In 2001, WHO issued a resolution for the completereplacement of nerve tissue vaccines by 2006 with cell culture rabies vaccines. However, sheep brain derived Fermi type rabiesvaccine is still being manufactured and utilized for the majority of exposed patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, production of asafer and effective cell culture based anti-rabies vaccine is needed. Currently the Ethiopian government has heavily invested inupgrading the facilities required to produce a rabies vaccine in keeping with WHO recommendation. Rabies virus suspensionswere obtained from Vero cells cultivated on roller bottles after infection with the Pasteur virus strain (PV) and Evelyn RokitnikiAbelseth (ERA). Initially the titer of the obtained virus and multiplicity of infection of the viruses had to be optimized; thereforein rabies virus infected with 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 cultures were incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 48, 72 and 96. Higher virus yieldswere obtained when cells were infected with 0.001 ERA virus and 0.01 PV virus incubated for 96 hr and 72 hr respectively.Keywords: ERA; PV; Fermi; cell culture; multiplicity of infection.bhurrish@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 143

Carina S. Pinheiro et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAVaccination with enzymatically cleaved GPI-anchored proteins from schistosoma mansoniinduces protection against challenge infectionCarina S. Pinheiro 1,2 , Vicente P. Martins 1,2,3 , Barbara C. P. Figueiredo 1,2 , Natan R. G. Assis 1,2 , Suellen B. Morais 1,2 , Marcelo V. Caliari 4 ,Vasco Azevedo 3 , WilliamCastro-Borges 5 , R. AlanWilson 6 and Sergio C. Oliveira 1, 21Departamento de Bioquímica, Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil2Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Brazil3Departamento de Biologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil4Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil5Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil6Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, UKThe flatworm Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke parasite that causes schistosomiasis, a debilitating disease that occursthroughout the developing world. Current schistosomiasis control strategies are mainly based on chemotherapy, but manyresearchers believe that the best long-term strategy to control schistosomiasis is through immunization with an antischistosomiasisvaccine combined with drug treatment. In the search for potential vaccine candidates, numerous tegument antigens have beenassessed. As the major interface between parasite and mammalian host, the tegument plays crucial roles in the establishmentand further course of schistosomiasis. Herein, we evaluated the potential of a GPI fraction, containing representative moleculeslocated on the outer surface of adult worms, as vaccine candidate. Immunization of mice with GPI-anchored proteins induceda mixed Th1/Th2 type of immune response with production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and low levels of IL-5 into the supernatant ofsplenocyte cultures. The protection engendered by this vaccination protocol was confirmed by 42% reduction in worm burden,45% reduction in eggs per gram of hepatic tissue, 29% reduction in the number of granulomas per area, and 53% reduction inthe granuloma fibrosis. Taken together, the data herein support the potential of surface-exposed GPI-anchored antigens from theS.mansoni tegument as vaccine candidate.carinaspinheiro@yahoo.com.brJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 144

Dhrubajyoti Nag, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmunogenicity and protective efficacy of oral heat-killed multi-serotype Shigella (HKMS)vaccine in rabbit modelDhrubajyoti NagNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, IndiaBacillary dysentery caused by Shigella species, is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developed as well asin developing countries. Now-a-days, we are approaching towards untreatable Shigellosis due to the global emergence ofmultidrug resistance which is increasing the importance of an anti-dysentery vaccine. Till date no suitable Shigella vaccineis available for public health use. The immune responses against Shigella species are serotype-specific and there are differentserotypes of Shigella species which demands an immunization strategy that will include multiple vaccine strains to provideprotection against multiple serotypes. In our study, we evaluated the protective efficacy and immune response of heat-killedcocktail form (HKMS) of six Shigella strains (S. dysenteriae 1, S. flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, S. boydii and S. sonnei)in rabbit model. Rabbits were immunized with 10 7 heat-killed Shigella strains four times with one week interval on 0, 7 th , 14 th& 21 st day and were challenged on the 28 th day with 10 9 organisms of wild type virulent Shigella strains. Immunized rabbits didnot develop shigellosis compare to the non-immunized rabbits. Serum IgG and IgA titers showed exponential rise during oralimmunization. Antibody in Lymphocyte Supernatant (ALS) assay, Cytokine assay and Immunoblotting against both whole celllysates and lypopolysaccharide have demonstrated a strong protective immune response following the oral immunization ofHKMS; thus justifying the potential of HKMS to become a “non-living” vaccine candidate against shigellosis in our future.BiographyDhrubajyoti Nag has completed his graduation in Microbiology from University of Calcutta in 2009 and completed his post graduation in Biotechnologyfrom Jadavpur University in 2011. Now he is doing his Ph.D. under the guidance of Dr. Hemanta Koley, Scientist C, National Institute of Choleraand Enteric Diseases, India, under a project of Okayama University, Japan, entitled Development and evaluation of a heat killed multi-serotype oralShigella vaccine.nagdhrubajyoti@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 145

Emem Emmanuel Etukiren et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADeterminants of uptake of third doses of oral polio and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccinesin Ibadan north local government area, NigeriaEmem Emmanuel Etukiren and Akinola Ayoola FatiregunFaculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, NigeriaHigh drop-out rates in the uptake of full doses of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) vaccinehave been reported, despite efforts to improve immunisation coverage. This study identified determinants of uptake of thirddoses of OPV(3) and DPT(3) among infants who received first doses of either/both vaccines at ten immunization centres locatedin Ibadan North Local Government Area (IBNLGA), Nigeria. Using a cohort study design, 400 mother-child pairs were assessed(from February - September 2012). A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and eachchild was followed up for 90 days (at 30-day intervals), to record dates of second and third doses of the vaccines. Multi-variableanalysis was performed using log-rank test and Cox's regression to identify predictive factors. Only 43.5% and 24.8% of therecruited children completed OPV3 and DPT3 respectively. Factors predictive of uptake of OPV3 were; being a first birth (HR =1.66, 95% CI = 1.11-2.48) and attending a tertiary health facility (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.41-3.65), while attending a secondaryhealth facility was significant for uptake of DPT-3 (HR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.30-4.61). Determinants of uptake of third doses of thevaccines were type of health facility attended and child’s birth order. Hence, efforts to improve vaccination coverage should takeinto consideration sustaining awareness on the importance of completing immunisation schedule for children of higher birthorders and improved service delivery among health facilities.BiographyEmem Emmanuel Etukiren is an MPH (Field Epidemiology) student at the faculty of Public health, University of Ibadan. She has participated inseveral research activities, and is currently working on some. Such of which include: Environmental Assessment of Cholera outbreak in IbadanNorth LGA, Nigeria; Missed opportunity for immunisation among infant in Ibadan North LGA, Health hazards associated with poor housing in PortHarcourt, Nigeria.She has also gained core fi eld experience in public health issues like; HIV prevention, immunisation program, epidemic preparedness and malariaprevention. Emem is also a member of International Epidemiology Association (IEA) and Epidemiological Society of Nigeria (EPISON).rimmaetuk@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 146

Belachew Etana et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAFactors associated with complete immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months inAmbo Woreda, Central EthiopiaBelachew Etana and Wakgari DeressaMekelle University, EthiopiaBackground: Vaccination is a proven tool in preventing and eradicating communicable diseases, but a considerable proportionof childhood morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia is due to vaccine preventable diseases. Immunization coverage in many parts ofthe country remains low despite the efforts to improve the services. In 2005, only 20% of the children were fully vaccinated andabout 1 million children were unvaccinated in 2007. The objective of this study was to assess complete immunization coverageand its associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Ambo woreda.Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in 8 rural and 2 urban kebeles during January- February,2011. A modified WHO EPI cluster sampling method was used for sample selection. Data on 536 children aged 12-23 monthsfrom 536 representative households were collected using trained nurses. The data collectors assessed the vaccination status ofthe children based on vaccination cards or mother’s verbal reports using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through houseto-housevisits. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with immunizationcoverage.Results: About 96% of the mothers heard about vaccination and vaccine preventable diseases and 79.5% knew the benefitof immunization. About 36% of children aged 12-23 months were fully vaccinated by card plus recall, but only 27.7% werefully vaccinated by card alone and 23.7% children were unvaccinated. Using multivariate logistic regression models, factorssignificantly associated with complete immunization were antenatal care follow-up (adjusted odds ratio(AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-4.9), being born in the health facility (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4), mothers’ knowledge about the age at which vaccination begins(AOR= 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.6) and knowledge about the age at which vaccination completes (AOR=4.3, 95% CI: 2.3-8), whereasarea of residence and mother’s socio-demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with full immunization amongchildren.Conclusion: Complete immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months remains low. Maternal health care utilizationand knowledge of mothers about the age at which child begins and finishes vaccination are the main factors associated withcomplete immunization coverage. It is necessary that, local interventions should be strengthened to raising awareness of thecommunity on the importance of immunization, antenatal care and institutional delivery.Keywords: Complete immunization, immunization, Ambo.BiographyBelachew Etana has completed his M.P.H. at the age of 25 years from Addis Ababa University School of Public Health. He is Lecturer at MekelleUniversity, Department of Public Health. He has published one research and is currently conducting another research.ba.etana@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 147

Entomack Borrathybay et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAConstruction and characterization of an acapsular mutant of Pasteurella multocida strainP-1059 (A:3)Entomack Borrathybay, Yu-Feng Zhang, Wulumuhan Nazierbieke and Feng-Juan GongCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, ChinaTo further investigate the role of capsule involved in virulence of Pasteurella multocida P-1059 (A:3), a hexB deleted mutantwas constructed by homologous recombination. The DNA replacement was confirmed by PCR, Reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and DNA sequencing. Experiments were conducted to compare the differences of biological characteristics such ascapsular structure, capsular polysaccharide content, virulence and serum resistance between the hexB deleted mutant of ΔhexBand wild-type strain P-1059, as well as the complemented strain P-1059C. And the ability of the acapsular mutant ΔhexB toinduced protection against wild-type challenge in chickens. Electron microscopy examination of the ΔhexB showed the absenceof capsular material compared to the P-1059 and P-1059C. The ΔhexB was sensitive to the bactericidal action of chicken serum,whereas the P-1059 and P-1059C were both resistant. The ΔhexB was highly attenuated in chickens by intravenously injection,and intramuscular administration of ΔhexB to chickens stimulated significant protection against P-1059 and the homologousstrain X-73(A:1). These results demonstrated that the capsule is a major virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3strains.Keywords: Pasteurella multocida; homologous recombination; knockout; capsule; virulence; vaccine.etmkb@jsu.edu.cnJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 148

Fatemeh Ghaffarifar et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmune response to toxoplasma gondii by SAG1 encoded DNA vaccineFatemeh Ghaffarifar, Fariba Khoshzaban, Zohreh Sharifi, Kavous Solhjou, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Ghazal Shahpari and Salimeh GhaffarifarShahed University, IranIn recent years, Toxoplasmosis is of major medical and veterinary importance. In recent years, significant progress has beenmade in the identification of vaccine candidates which can induce a protective response. Most of the works has focused onsurface antigens of tachyzoites specially SAG1. In this research, after extraction of genomic DNA and PCR of SAG1 gene, thePCR product was cloned into pTZ57R/T vector MCS and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that SAG1 gene sequence fromthe high virulent strain presented in this study (known as RH) had 100% sequence identity with P-Br strain, P strain and C Strainand high homology of 98% with RH strain and ZS1 strain.Then, SAG1 was subcloned into pcDNA3 and after transfection into CHO cells; the expression of SAG1 was confirmed bySDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Immunization by pcSAG1 to toxoplasmosis was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Anti-T.gondiiIgG values (OD) increased markedly in the pcSAG1, which were significantly higher than those of control groups (P

Mohammad Hassan Nazaran et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANanochelating technology introduces a new generation of efficient adjuvantsMohammad Hassan Nazaran 1 , Saideh Fakharzadeh 1 , Somayeh Kalanaky 1 , Maryam Hafizi 1 , Mohammad Mahdi Goya 2 , Zahra Masoumi 1 ,Maryam Abbasi 1 and Mehdi Mahdavi 11Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Iran2Ministry of Health of Iran, IranPrevention of hepatitis B requires a vaccine that stimulates the humoral and cellular immune responses in a balancedmanner, particularly those associated with Th1 and cytotoxic T cells. Currently alum adjuvant is used in hepatitis B vaccineformulations and lacks the efficiency of establishing such immune response. Therefore, it is essential to design a new adjuvantwith an efficient structure to stimulate a strong Th1 response. For the first time in the present study, we synthesized Hep-c nanocomplexbased on the novel nanochelating technology and evaluated its efficacy to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccineagainst hepatitis B.Balb/c female mice were injected with 10 μg/ml of hepatitis B vaccine 3 times with or without different doses of Hep-c.Total serum antibody, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgM, anti-HBs Ag, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels wereexamined by ELISA reader. Proliferative response of splenocytes was evaluated using BRDU assay.The splenocyte proliferation and serum HBs Ag-specific IgM and also IgG2a antibody titers in the HBsAg-immunizedmice were significantly enhanced by Hep-c. This nano-complex promoted production of IL-4 significantly and also dramaticallyincreased IFN-γ level in Hep-c treated groups compared to the control group.Our findings indicated that due to the unique structure of Hep-c, it could not only preserve alum ability to produce antibodieseffectively but also cover its inefficiency to induce Th1 response and prompt cellular immunity. Thus, this nano-adjuvant has thesuitable potential to be used in commercial HBS vaccine formulations.BiographyMohammad Hassan Nazaran is owner of Nanochelating Technology and executive manager and chairman of Management Board of Sodour AhrarShargh Company. This technology is brought up for the fi rst time in the history of science and is registered at US20120100372A1 in USPTO in theUnited States of America.mnazaran@nanochelatingtechnology.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 150

Moustafa A.F. Abbas et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAComparison of tuberculin skin test (TST) and quantiferon test (QFT) for detection of latentTB infection among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, SaudiArabiaMoustafa A. F. Abbas 2 , Nasser AE. AIHamdan 1 , Mohamed S. AIQahtani 3 , Suhail Klantan 3 , Lamiaa A. Fiala 2 and Gehad ElGhazali 3,41Community Medicine Dept., Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia2Community Medicine Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt3King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia4SEHA hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesBackground: Latent TB Infection is a common finding among HCWs in the middle east, that is usually discovered on routinepre-employment examination or during regular health check, it needs a course of anti-tuberculous drug medication for monthswith subsequent side effects. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) is the traditional testing method for diagnosing LTBI, but it has a knownhigh rate of false positive with subsequent needless loss of time, efforts, loss of productivity and side effects. QFT test has a highersensitivity and specificity.Aim: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of TST versus QFT Test as a diagnostic toolfor latent TB among new hires of health care workers at KFMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A descriptive study of 268 new HCWs agreed to participate, questionnaire with socio-demographic data and workhistory was filled, and both test were done TST and QFT test. Recent BCG vaccination and TST result of 5 mm or less wereexcluded, since there is a low positive rate.Results: Sensitivity and specificity of TST at standard 10mm or more to be positive, was 100 % and 53.4% as compared to QFTtest. Using different cutoff measurements of size of TST indurations specificity was improved at the expense of sensitivity; at13mm or more, sensitivity, specificity and κ were 95.5%; 73.2 and 0.611 respectively; while at 15mm or more it was 74.8%; 84.1%and 0.605 respectively. Frequency distribution of sizes of induration according to QFT test results and ROC curve showed thatat 13 mm or more specificity would be improved to 70 percent approximately and sensitivity to be still at 90% approximately.Conclusion: When comparing TST and QFT, Rates of True negatives and Agreement were improved from (specificity = 53.4%)and (κ=0.536), to (Specificity=63.9%) and (κ=0.611) when using a different cut off point for induration sizes of 13 mm or more,rather than the traditional 10 mm or more cutoff point. Large scale study is required to confirm such findings in Middle Easternhealth care settings.mostafafouad@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 151

Parth B. Patel, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAA review on generation of novel human cancer vaccines testing in phase III clinical trialsParth B. PatelKalol Institute of Pharmacy, IndiaDiscovery of a potential anticancer therapy is still a challenge to the scientists. Though many different kinds of therapies aredeveloped none of them has lived up to the task to cure cancer completely. Cancer vaccines are found to be the latest discoveryin the field of cancer. Although till date only one cancer vaccine is approved by FDA, there are number of vaccines undergoingpreclinical & clinical trials which are promising to be an effective anticancer therapy. This article reviews some of the basic aspectsof different types of cancer vaccines along with their drawbacks & future development. Novel vaccines produce specific immuneresponses and objective clinical responses with minimal toxicity in phase I/II trials. Advances in gene transfer technology, tumorimmunology and better methods of monitoring specific anti tumor immune responses allow the hope that tumor vaccines willbe introduced into the clinic, at least in some malignancies resistant to systemic therapy so far such as melanoma and renal cellcarcinoma. The first generation of human cancer vaccines has been tested in phase III clinical trials, but only a few of these havedemonstrated sufficient efficacy to be licensed for clinical use. This article reviews some of the mechanisms that could contributeto these limited clinical responses, and highlights the challenges faced for development of future vaccines.BiographyParth B. Patel has completed his B. Pharm at the age of 20 years from Gujarat Technological University and postgraduation studies from GujaratTechnological University. He has published two papers in reputed journals and one international book in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germanyas well.parthbpatel91@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 152

Prerna Chaudhary, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADevelopment of edible vaccine against anthrax by using edema factor gene of Bacillus anthracisPrerna ChaudharyJawaharlal Nehru University, IndiaAnthrax is an epizootic disease mainly affecting cattle, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It producesthree toxin components, protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). Lethal toxin (LF+PA) and edematoxin (EF+PA) are known to cause lethality in anthrax infected animal models. The recent bioterrorism attack and the revivalof the disease enforce an urgent need for effective prophylactic measures and therapeutic formulations to combat the disease.The currently used PA based anthrax vaccine is associated with several side effects due to its potential reactogenecity and alsorequires protracted and complicated dosages schedule. Since the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in model plant tobacco,a number of antigenic proteins have been expressed in different plant systems. These plant based vaccines are especially attractiveas plants are free of human or animal diseases, reducing screening and purification costs. Also, they offer a palatable oral deliverysystem that stimulates both systemic and mucosal immune response. Attempts are being made to develop improved anthraxvaccines using antigens other then PA. Several immunization studies have proved that LF and EF alone, produce substantialamount of antibodies and in combination with PA, strengthen PA mediated immunoprotection. Studies have also highlighted theneed of using mutants of anthrax toxin components in vaccine preparations. We have successfully cloned normal and mutatedEF gene in a plant expression vector and Indian mustard plant Brassica juncea was transformed via Agrobacterium mediatedtransformation. Molecular and immunological studies have shown the stable integration and expression of EF gene in the plants.BiographyPrerna Chaudhary is a Ph.D. student at School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Currently, she is working on edible vaccineagainst anthrax and recently communicated a paper on PA based edible vaccine.prernajnu@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 153

Sami Ramia, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAIncreasing incidence of hepatitis A in Lebanese adults: Call for a vaccine strategySami RamiaAmerican University of Beirut, LebanonBackground: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is highly endemic in developing countries, including countries of the MiddleEast and North Africa (MENA). During the past three decades there has been a shift in the age of HAV infection in manydeveloping countries from early childhood to adulthood (epidemiological shift). Moreover the clinical picture appears to bechanging from asymptomatic or mild infection in childhood to fulminate in adults.Objective: To confirm HAV epidemiological shift in Lebanon and accordingly propose strategies for HAV vaccinationPatients and Methods: 1. HAV seroprevalence was studied in 320 healthy Lebanese subjects (20-60 years). 2. Data on acutehepatitis A virus cases for the past 11 years (2001-2012) as reported by the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit (ESU) at theLebanese Ministry of Public Health were analyzed.Results and discussion: Analysis of the data reported by the ESU showed that the percentage of affected children aged 0-9 yearsis significantly decreasing while the number of affected individuals aged 10-39 years is increasing with time. Furthermore theseroprevalence data on the healthy Lebanese adults did not exceed 72% and this was remarkably lower when compared to earlierstudies in Lebanese adults. Both observations confirm HAV epidemiological shift in Lebanon and hence an increased risk of HAVoutbreaks among adultsConclusion: In most MENA countries including Lebanon a campaign for universal childhood HAV vaccine should beimplemented. A catch-up vaccination approach directed at 10-50 years of age groups should also be considered.sramia@aub.edu.lbJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 154

Sandeepkumar R. Chauhan et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAA study on prevalence of vaccine preventable diseases in children of 2-15 years due to falloutfrom vaccination scheduleSandeepkumar R. Chauhan, Arohi Chauhan and Aparajita ShuklaSmt. NHL Municipal Medical College, IndiaDisease of early childhood preventable by vaccination remains a serious problem in developing countries despite continuousincrease in proportion of children receiving vaccines. Often it is noted that parents are quite aware about the vaccinationfor the first year of life. Later on there is a lot of fallout from second year onwards. Parents in slum areas have more faith insupernatural powers rather than on medical science leading to increase in prevalence of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs)which are on the verge of elimination in other developed countries. So, the objectives were 1) To assess vaccine coverage, 2) Tofind prevalence of VPDs and 3) To assess different causes of vaccine fallout.Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 children of 2-15 years belonging to slums of west zone of Ahmadabadselected by Simple random sampling using random tables.Results: Proportion of children who were fully immunized for the vaccines included in National Immunization Program was86%. Prevalence of VPDs was 7.8% while failure rate for BCG and Measles vaccine was 0.2% and 0.6% respectively. VPDs weremore common in families where mothers had studied upto primary level (p

Satish Gaikwad et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAHSP70 mediated multi-epitope DNA as vaccine candidate for Newcastle disease of poultrySatish Gaikwad, Sohini Dey, R. Saravanan, Nitin M. Kamble, Aravind S. Pillai and C. Madhan MohanIndian Veterinary Research Institute, IndiaNewcastle disease virus is an infectious disease of poultry which causes severe economic losses in domestic poultry. Newgeneration vaccines are currently in demand to avert deficiencies of vaccines currently in market. Among these, rationaldesign of vaccine candidate is a promising approach. Multi-epitopic DNA vaccine construct containing fusion and haemagglutininepitopes were designed with additional elements like endoplasmic reticulum secretory signal sequence, poly histidine and geneoptimization to improve immunogenicity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 was used as a genetic adjuvant to increase innateand adaptive immune responses. Transient expression of the construct was confirmed with an immunofluorescent assay in Verocells. The constructs were injected subcutaneously into 15 days-old specific pathogen free chickens. Immune responses werestudied with HI, ELISA, LTT and FACS assays. Protection was assessed by challenging with a virulent virus. HSP mediatedmulti epitopes improved the immune responses and conferred protection against Newcastle disease. The results indicate that arationally designed DNA vaccine construct can improve vaccine strategies involving nucleic acid immunizations.BiographySatish Gaikwad has completed his Ph.D. from IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.satish.bty@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 156

Veronica Rainone et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAHPV vaccination in ARV-treated HIV-infected adolescents and young adults induces strongHPV-specific cell-mediated immune responsesVeronica Rainone 1 , Daria Trabattoni 1 , Francesca Penagini 2 , Francesca Dinello 2 , Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti 2 , Vania Giacomet 2 , AlessandraVigano 2 and Mario Clerici 3,41Chair of Immunology, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Italy2Department of Pediatrics, L. Sacco Hospital, Italy3Department of Medical Surgical Pathophysiology and Transplant, University of Milan, Italy4Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, ItalyBackground: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-associated ano-genital infections represent the most common sexually transmitteddisease in the general population. The incidence of HPV-associated cancers has been increasing in HIV-infected patients.HPV vaccination may be an important approach to reduce the risk of HPV-associated cancers in HIV-infected patients and acombined strategy of screening and HPV vaccination may guarantee a more adequate prevention of HPV-associated lesions.Immunogenicity of HPV vaccines in HIV-infected patients is still not adequately evaluated. We analysed safety, immunogenicityand efficacy of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine in HIV-infected patients without baseline molecular evidence of vaccine-type HPVinfection focusing on HPV-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI).Methods: 31 ARV-treated HIV-infected adolescents (age range 28-14 years, mostly with undetectable viremia and effectiveCD4 recovery) and 25 sex- and age-matched HIV-seronegative healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Quadrivalent HPV-16/18/6/11 VLP vaccine (Gardasil®) was administered at baseline, 2 months and 6 months. Safety was evaluated in terms of rateand severity of vaccine-related adverse events. Immune activation (CD4/CD25/HLADRII, CD8/CD25/HLADRII), naїve andmemory T-cell patterns and HPV-specific immune responses (CD4/IFN-γ/IL-2, CD8/IFN-γ/TNF-γ, CD8/Perforin/GranzymeB)were evaluated at baseline and after vaccine administrations.Results: Results obtained after the first immunization in HIV-infected individuals show: 1) no changes in CD4 counts, percentageof CD4 cells and HIV viral load; 2) a significant increase in naїve CD8 T-cells, activated CD8 T-cells and in central memoryCD4 and CD8 T-cells; 3) a significant reduction in terminally differentiated CD8 T-cells; and 4) a significant augmentationof unstimulated and HPV-specific IL2+/CD4+, IFN-γ+/CD4+, IFN-γ+/CD8+ and TNF-α+/CD8+ T-cells. No differences wereobserved in Perforin- or Granzyme B-secreting CD8 T-cells. Similar results were obtained in healthy controls.Conclusions: Quadrivalent HPV-16/18/6/11 VLP vaccine induces strong HPV-specific cell-mediated immune responses inARV-treated HIV-infected individuals that are comparable to those observed in HIV-seronegative controls. HPV-specific CMI islikely an important component of the protective effect of this vaccine, data herein indicating that this component is not impairedin ARV-treated HIV infected individuals.veronica.rainone@unimi.itJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 157

Wu Jie et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEfficacy study of a therapeutic human papillomavirus (type-16) vaccine (a recombinantHPV16 L2E6E7 fusion protein) in mouse and macaque experimentsWu Jie 1 , Chen Gang 1 , Jin Su-feng 2,4 , Gao Men 1 , Jiang Yun-shui 1 , Li Jian-buo 4 , Zhuang Fang-cheng 1,2 , Zhao Li 3 , Mao Zian 2,4 and TianHouwen 31Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, P. R. China2Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Vaccine R & D, P. R. China3National Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control, P. R. China4Zhejiang Pukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., P. R. ChinaPurpose: The study purpose is to evaluate a therapeutic human papillomavirus (type-16) vaccine (a recombinant HPV16-L2E6E7 fusion protein) the dose-response, immunization procedure in mouse model and specific E6 INF-r and specificE7INF-r responses in monkeys.Methods: Mouse model was C57 BL/6 mice. Each group in mouse included 10 or 20 C57 BL/6 mice. The tumor model used TC-1tumor cells. The HPV16 L2E6E7 vaccine groups were treated using the following dosage: 15 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml, 60 μg/ml, 120 μg/ml, 240 μg/ml, plus a control group. Based on results from the dose-response experiment, 60 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml dosage groupswere used for the following regimens: days 0 and 7 (0-7), days 0 and 15 (0-15), days 0, 7, and 15 (0-7-15), and a control group(also 0-7-15). Macaque was detected the specific E6 INF-r and specific E7 INF-r used ELISPOT; each group included 3 macaquesand different regiments with 0-7-14-28 weeks schedule.Results: Upon challenge with 10,000 TC-1 cells, mice developed palpable, rapidly growing tumors within 9-14 days. These tumorsbecame lethal to the mice within 21-28 days. HPV16 L2E6E7 vaccine at a dose of 120 μg/ml with 0-7-15 procedure protected themajority of mice against tumor outgrowth (protective efficacy 85%). For E6 peptide specific IFN-r, 2 out of 3 macaques showedthe high level insignificance; and E7 peptide specific IFN-r only 1 out of 3 macaques showed the high level in significance.Conclusion: A therapeutic HPV16 L2E6E7 vaccine at a dosage of 120 μg/ml with 0-7-15 procedure protected the 85% of miceagainst tumor outgrowth and can induce E6 peptide specific IFN-r in macaque.Keywords: Human papillomavirus-16, fusion protein, therapeutic vaccine, efficacy.wujie1998@126.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 158

Page 159

A. Bennett Jenson 55Abdur Razzaque Sarker 91Abebe Mengesha 118Afshineh Latifynia 119Ahmad Daryani 128Ahtisham-Ul-Haq 82Aiswariya Chidambaram 129Aleksandar Masic 123Ali Shams 126Alison McCormick 130Alwyn Rapose 67Aniekan J. Etokidem 114Ara Hovanessian 33Ara Hovanessian 52Atefeh Shahbazi 142Ates Kara 103Belachew Etana 147Benjamin Petsch 53Birhanu Hurisa 131Birhanu Hurisa 143Byung Chul Kim 111Campbell Bunce 43Carina S. Pinheiro 144D. N. Rao 132David E. Anderson 68De-chu C. Tang 40Deryabin P.N 107Dhrubajyoti Nag 145Diane Longo 47Dongbo Jiang 80Emem Emmanuel Etukiren 146Ener Cagri Dinleyici 102Entomack Borrathybay 148Esma S. Yolcu 42Fatemeh Ghaffarifar 149Fisseha Walle 106Fu Shi Quan 78Fu Shi Quan 983 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationINDEXGhaffarifar F 133Gisela Gonzalez 71Graham Clarke 87Hassen Mamo 125Haval Shirwan 63Hemanta Koley 121Hong Xin 45Humberto Hernandez 75I. Khalili 120Jessica M.H. Thrall 96Jia-hui Lei 110Jiang Zhu 122John Y. Dong 36Jorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez 64Joseph Onakewhor 92K. Tabynov 108Kaissar Tabynov 81Lbachir BenMohamed 134Leow Y 99Leow Yee 79Malcolm E. Thomas 34Malcolm E. Thomas 62Mathan Periasamy 135Mei X. Wu 136Metehan Ozen 100Milan Raska 57Min Shi Lee 70Min-Seok Bae 112Mohammad Hassan Nazaran 150Moustafa A.F. Abbas 151Muhammad Ali A. Shah 59Nicholas Ayebazibwe 116Nikolai Petrovsky 35Nikolai Petrovsky 44Nisha N 104Nisha Nair 77Obradovic Zarema 89Oladipo Aina 127July 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAOmer Qutaiba B. Al-lela 93Parth B. Patel 152Pedro Reis 88Peter Lloyd Nara 32Pirouz Daftarian 72Prerna Chaudhary 153Rainer Fischer 65Rajesh Kumar Sharma 54Rania Abdel Hay 137Regina Heidenreich 97Rivka Abulafia-Lapid 138Robert E. Sievers 39Sami Ramia 154Samuel Teshome 139Sana Shahram 74Sandeepkumar R. Chauhan 155Saroj Basak 69STS. Chitradevi 113Takashi Kei Kishimoto 51Takehiko Okamura 46Teena Mohan 83Timothy Lee 86Vinod Mrithinjayam 90Xiao-Qing Wei 41Xiao-Yong Fan 109Xueqiong Wu 58Yagya D. Sharma 140Yan Liang 115Yared Hailemichael 76Yongqun “Oliver” He 50Yu Qi 124Yurong Tan 105Zafer Kurugol 101Zakaria Hmama 66Zelig Eshhar 56Zhang Ping 94J Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 160

Previous111 th OMICS Group Conference3 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAPrevious ConferencesPage 161

PreviousInternational Conference onAnimal & Dairy SciencesJuly 23-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onAddiction Research & TherapyJuly 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA2 nd International Conference onEarth Science & Climate ChangeJuly 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA4 th International Conference onBiomarkers & Clinical ResearchJuly 15-17, 2013 Courtyard Marriott Philadelphia Down Town, PA, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onNutritional Science & TherapyJuly 15-17, 2013 Courtyard Marriott Philadelphia Down Town, PA, USA3 rd International Conference onProteomics & BioinformaticsJuly 15-17, 2013 Courtyard Marriott Philadelphia Down Town, PA, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onNeurology & TherapeuticsJune 10-12, 2013 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onBiosensors & BioelectronicsJune 10-12, 2013 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onBiometrics & BiostatisticsJune 10-12, 2013 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA2 nd International Conference onGastroenterology & UrologyJune 10-12, 2013 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onOccupational Health & SafetyMay 21-22, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Beijing, China4 th World Congress onBioavailability & Bioequivalence: Pharmaceutical R & D SummitMay 20-22, 2013 DoubleTree by Hilton Beijing, China3 rd International Conference onClinical & Experimental OphthalmologyApril 15-17, 2013 Hilton Chicago, Northbrook, IL, USA3 rd International Conference onClinical & Experimental DermatologyApril 15-17, 2013 Hilton Chicago, Northbrook, IL, USA3 rd International Conference onClinical & Experimental CardiologyApril 15-17, 2013 Hilton Chicago, Northbrook, IL, USA2 nd International Conference and Exhibition onMetabolomics & Systems BiologyApril 08-10, 2013 Hilton Chicago, Northbrook, IL, USA3 rd International Conference and Exhibition onPharmaceutics & Novel Drug Delivery SystemsApril 08-10, 2013 Hilton Chicago, Northbrook, IL, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onWater Technologies, Environmental Technologies, and Renewable EnergyFebruary 13-14, 2013 Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, IndiaInternational Conference and Exhibition onObesity and Weight ManagementDecember 03-05, 2012 DoubleTree By Hilton Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onQA, QC and ValidationDecember 03-05, 2012 DoubleTree By Hilton Philadelphia Centre City, USAInternational Summit onGMP & GCP: USA, Europe, Japan, Asia PacificDecember 03-05, 2012 DoubleTree By Hilton Philadelphia Centre City, USA2 nd International Conference onNanotek and ExpoDecember 03-05, 2012 DoubleTree By Hilton Philadelphia Centre City, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onSurgery & TransplantationNovember 26-28, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternationalToxicology Summit & ExpoNovember 26-28, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onAnesthesia & Perioperative CareNovember 26-28, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onHair Transplantation & TrichologyNovember 26-28, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA3 rd International Conference and Exhibition onAnalytical & Bioanalytical TechniquesNovember 22-24, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, IndiaInternational Conference onFood Processing & TechnologyNovember 22-24, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India2 nd International Conference onPharmaceutical Regulatory AffairsNovember 23-24, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, IndiaInternational Conference and Exhibition onCosmetology & CosmeticsNovember 23-24, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, IndiaGlobalBiofuels & Bioproduct SummitNovember 19-21, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onProbioticsNovember 19-21, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onGenetic Syndromes & Gene TherapyNovember 19-21, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onRegenerative & Functional MedicineNovember 12-14, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA2 nd World Congress onCell Science & Stem Cell ResearchNovember 12-14, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onClinical Microbiology & Microbial GenomicsNovember 12-14, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onPulmonary & Respiratory MedicineOctober 29-31, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onComputer Aided Drug Design & QSAROctober 29-31, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference onClinical and Cellular ImmunologyOctober 22-24, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference and Expo onMaterials Science & EngineeringOctober 22-24, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Expo and Conference onAnalytrix & HPLCOctober 22-24, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAWorld Congress onForensic Research & TechnologyOctober 15-17, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference onBiothreat & BiodefenseOctober 15-17, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference onOtolaryngologyOctober 15-17, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference onEmerging Cell TherapiesOctober 01-03, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onPharmacovigilance & Clinical TrialsOctober 01-03, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USAInternational Conference onTissue Science & EngineeringOctober 01-03, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Chicago-Northshore, USA2 nd International Conference onPediatrics & GynaecologySeptember 24-26, 2012 Marriott Convention Center, India3 rd International Conference onDiabetes & MetabolismSeptember 24-26, 2012 Marriott Convention Center, IndiaInternational Conference and Exhibition onTranslational MedicineSeptember 17-19, 2012 Holdiay Inn San Antonio, USAInternational Conference onAgricultural & Horticultural SciencesSeptember 14-15, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Center, IndiaInternational Conference and Exhibition onHotel & Business ManagementSeptember 14-15, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Center, IndiaInternational Conference onBiodiversity and Sustainable Energy DevelopmentSeptember 14-15, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Center, India3 rd World Congress onBiotechnologySeptember 13-15, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Center, India2 nd World Congress onCancer Science & TherapySeptember 10-12, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onHydrology and Ground Water ExpoSeptember 10-12, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAPage 162

PreviousWorld Congress and Expo onBiowaivers & BiosimilarsSeptember 10-12, 2012 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USAInternational Conference onOccupational Health & Safety SummitSeptember 05-07, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference onCentral Nervous System-Drugs Effecting & Novel Drug DevelopmentSeptember 05-07, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference onPathologyAugust 27-29, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onNutritional Science & TherapyAugust 27-29, 2012 DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference onEarth Science & Climate ChangeAugust 21-22, 2012 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onNephrology & TherapeuticsAugust 20-22, 2012 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA2 nd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationAugust 20-22, 2012 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onAddiction Research & TherapyAugust 20-22, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USA2 nd World Congress onVirologyAugust 20-22, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onOrthopedicsAugust 13-15, 2012 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onRheumatology & TherapeuticsAugust 14-15, 2012 Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA2 nd International Conference onProteomics & BioinformaticsJuly 02-04, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USA3 rd International Conference onBiomarkers & Clinical ResearchJuly 02-04, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onNeurology & TherapeuticsJune 14-16, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onBiosensors & BioelectronicsJune 14-16, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USA3 rd World Congress onBioavailability & Bioequivalence: Pharmaceutical R & D SummitMarch 26-28, 2012 Hyderabad Marriott Hotel, IndiaWorld Congress onGastroenterology & UrologyMarch 12-14, 2012 Omaha Marriott, Omaha, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onNanotechnology & NanomedicineMarch 12-14, 2012 Omaha Marriott, Omaha, USA2 nd International Conference onClinical & Experimental OpthalmologyMarch 05-07, 2012 Omaha Marriott, Omaha, USA2 nd International Conference onClinical & Experimental DermatologyMarch 05-07, 2012 Omaha Marriott, Omaha, USA2 nd International Conference onClinical & Experimental CardiologyMarch 05-07, 2012 Omaha Marriott, Omaha, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onBiometrics & BiostatisticsMarch 05-07, 2012 Omaha Marriott, Omaha, USAInternational Conference onMetabolomics & Systems BiologyFebruary 20-22, 2012 San Francisco Airport Marriott Waterfront, USA2 nd World Congress onPharmacetics & Novel Drug Delivery SystemsFebruary 20-22, 2012 San Francisco Airport Marriott Waterfront, USA2 nd International Conference onAnalytical & Bioanalytical TechniquesDecember 16-17, 2011 San Francisco, USA2 nd World Congress onDiabetes & MetabolismDecember 06-08, 2011 Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference onPediatrics & GynecologyDecember 06-08, 2011 Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onCell Science & Stem Cell ResearchNov29-Dec01, 2011 Philadelphia, USA2 nd World Congress onBiotechnologyNov29-Dec01, 2011 Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onVaccines & VaccinationNovember 22-24, 2011 Philadelphia, USAInternational Conference-cum-Exhibition onAgribusiness and Food ProcessingNovember 20-22, 2011 Hyderabad, India2 nd World Congress onBiomarkers & Clinical ResearchSeptember 12-14, 2011 Baltimore, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onPharmaceutical Regulatory AffairsSeptember 06-07, 2011 Baltimore, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onVirologySeptember 05-07, 2011 Baltimore, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onCancer Science & TherapyAugust 15-17, 2011 Las Vegas, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onClinical Research: Dermatology, Ophthalmology and CardiologyJuly 05-06, 2011 San Francisco, USAInternational Conference & Exhibition onProteomics & BioinformaticsJune 06-08, 2011 HICC, Hyderabad, IndiaInternational Conference & Exhibition onPharmaceutical BiotechnologyJune 06-08, 2011 HICC, Hyderabad, India2 nd World Congress onBioavailability & Bioequivalence: Pharmaceutical R & D SummitJune 06-08, 2011 Las Vegas, USAInternational Conference onPharmaceutics & Novel Drug Delivery SystemsJune 07-08, 2011 Las Vegas,USAWorld Congress onBiotechnologyMarch 21-23, 2011 Hyderabad, IndiaInternational Conference onDiabetes and MetabolismDecember 13-14, 2010 Santa Clara, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onBiomarkers & Clinical ResearchNovember 22-23, 2010 Santa Clara, USAInternational Conference and Exhibition onAnalytical and Bioanalytical Techniques: Pharmaceutical R & D SummitNovember 01-03, 2010 Hyderabad, IndiaInternational Conference and Exhibition onBioequivalence & Bioavailability: Pharmaceutical R & D SummitMarch 01-03, 2010 Hyderabad, IndiaIntegrating Glycomics with other Omics in Cancer Detection and Diagnosis CancerDetection and DiagnosisJanuary 19-20, 2010 Stanford University School of Medicine3 rd World Congress ofGene-2009December 01-07, 20097 th Annual World Congress ofInternational Drug Discovery Science & TechnologyOctober 22-25, 20092 nd WSA-2009July 18-20, 20091 st CCSB-2009February 16-17, 20092 nd PRICPS-4 th AOHUPOJune 22-26, 2008OMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPh: +1-888-843-8169Fax: +1-650-618-1417omicsonline@omicsonline.comOMICS Publishing Group5716 Corsa Ave., Suite 110, WestlakeLos Angeles, CA 91362-7354, USAPh: +1-650-268-9744Fax: +1-650-618-1414omicsonline@omicsonline.orgOMICS GroupSEZ Unit, Building No. 20, 9th FloorAPIIC Layout, HITEC CityHyderabad-500081, AP, INDIAPh: 040-40131823, 040-47482222omicsgroup@omicsgroup.orgToll freeUSA & Canada: 1-800-216-6499Australia: 1-800-651-097Europe: 0805-080048Page 163

e-BookeBookshttp://www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks‣ It is an open access eBook library with a vast range of eBooks from academics and scientific community‣ It is the best place to publish your eBooks and become a popular choice for millions of readers throughout the world‣ Authors can publish their books in given below categories1. Agriculture6. Environmental Sciences2. Biology7. Life Sciences3. Chemistry8. Management4. Clinical9. Medical Sciences5. Engineering10. Pharmaceutical SciencesOnline Biosafety Protocols‣ Biosafety Online Protocols for Universities, Laboratories & Research Organizations.1. GMP, GLP and GCP Guidelines2. Biosafety Guidelines for Agriculture, Animal Research, Chemistry, Medicine, Cell Culture, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals,Ergonomics etc.Scholars Centralhttp://www.scholarscentral.orgScholars Central was initiated to be the knowledge mirror of the technological advancements around theglobe. Scholars Central stands out in the competitive marketplace because of the quality standards andinnovative offerings to its readers at one place. Apart from international quality articles and researchpapers, Scholars Central also portrays a wide range of other science centric features such as Conferences,Funding Agencies and News updates which cater to the academic community at large.Scholars Central will explicitly act like a Science Search Engine which will provide absolute information aswell as updates on Scientifi c Events and Research front.SCIENCES Bloghttp://www.sciencesblog.orgSciences Blog consists of world class science articles, latest science facts which cover the entire spectra ofscience. Sciences blog and research blog are so closely intertwined so that all facts related to research fi ndsa place in this study blog.Utilization of science blog will have a signifi cant impact in increasing the knowledge and application of thesame.Bookmark your dates4 th International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationSeptember 2014 Valencia, SpainOMICS Group Inc.2360 Corporate Circle, Suite 400Henderson, NV 89074-7722, USAPh: +1-888-843-8169Fax: +1-650-618-1417omicsonline@omicsonline.comOMICS Publishing Group5716 Corsa Ave., Suite 110, WestlakeLos Angeles, CA 91362-7354, USAPh: +1-650-268-9744Fax: +1-650-618-1414omicsonline@omicsonline.usOMICS GroupSEZ Unit, Building No. 20, 9th FloorAPIIC Layout, HITEC CityHyderabad-500081, AP, INDIAPh: 040-40131823, 040-47482222omicsgroup@omicsgroup.orgToll freeUSA & Canada: +1-800-216-6499Australia: +1-800-651-097Europe: 0805-080048