a short history of agricultural education and research

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1739 Kilsyth, LanarkshireA half acre potato field becomes one of the first experimental plantings in theUK.1760 Robert Bakewell (1723-1795) is listed at this date, being the point at which hetook over the tenancy of his father’s farm in Leicestershire. Although seen as oneof the key figures in agricultural improvement his work was not whollysuccessful.He did, however, develop ideas on systematic selective breeding, mostsuccessfully with sheep (developing the New/Dishley Leicester from which theEnglish Leicester/Leicester Longwood is descended) and horses (breeding theImproved Black Carthorse which later developed into the Shire), and rather lesssuccessfully with cattle (the Dishley Longhorn, developed from a Westmorlandbull cross, did not survive in Bakewell’s form). His ideas on artificial selectionwere later studied by Darwin.1762 Treatise of Agriculture, Volume 1 by Rev. Adam Dickson (1721-1776). Dicksonwas for most of his working life the minister of Dunse (now Duns), Berwickshireand was much missed after his premature death in a riding accident.1770 Treatise of Agriculture, Volume 21772 Essay on Manures, which was highly critical of Jethro Tull’s convictionthat ploughing alone could produce good soil.1766 The Gentleman Farmer by Henry Home, Lord Kames of Blair Drummond(1696-1782). An important advocate and judge as well as an agriculturalimprover, Lord Kames was famed for (and gained substantial financial benefitfrom) bringing large tracts of waterlogged peat moss into productive agriculturaluse.1768 Farmer's Letters to the People of England by Arthur Young (1741-1820)Young was known as much for his statistical developments (as seen, for example,in Political Arithmetic, 1774) as for his agricultural writing and experimentation.He also published the Annals of Agriculture (1784-1815) which was the mostprominent of the 18th century agricultural periodicals. His reputation is notwithout detractors, however, and he has been described as everything from 'amountebank, a charlatan and a scribbler' to a proto-social scientist (per ProfessorMark Overton, University of Exeter).1770 A Course of Experimental Agriculture described the work on his farm inBradfield, Essex.12
1776 Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (1754-1842) inherited the property which gavehim his nomenclature as Coke of Holkham (otherwise Coke of Norfolk). Cokewas active and vocal in his agricultural pursuits, which he ran alongside a lengthyparliamentary career.His notable achievements were the use of cocksfoot and lucerne as feed andgrazing, thus dramatically improving sheep stocking rates, the selective breedingof sheep and bringing the English Leicester to Norfolk in replacement of the slowmaturing Norfolk Horn, the monitoring of milk yields with regard to differentfodder (particularly a comparison of the denser Scottish turnip against the morewatery Norfolk variety), the favouring of the ox plough as against the horse, andalso considerable forestry improvements on his estate. He was on the first Boardof Agriculture (see 1793).Despite his fame, a deeper examination would indicate that his plantingprogramme was not faultless and that far less famous names were responsible forthe development of the ideas implemented and expanded on by Coke. Hisundoubted influence, however, deserves an entry in any summary of agriculturaldevelopment.1777 Bath SocietyThe Bath Society was formed under the presidency of Henry Thomas Fox-Strangways, 2nd Earl of Ilchester (1747-1802). Now known as the Royal Bathand West of England Society.1779 10 acres of land at Weston became one of the first experimental fields inEngland.1780 The Society commences regular publication, which became the Journalof the Bath and West of England Society.1790 The name was changed to the Bath and West of England Society for theEncouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.1840sSir Thomas Dyke Acland (1787-1871) takes editorship of the Journaland furthers the Society’s scientific endeavours by engaging AugustusVoelcker (see 1876) as the Society’s Consultant Chemist.1851 Merged with the Devon County Agricultural Society.1869 Re-named Bath and West of England Society and Southern CountiesAssociation for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures,and Commerce.1880 A 10 day course was established in the form of a travelling dairy school,costing one guinea and run in various locations in the area. First run inSwindon, then Shepton Mallet, Chippenham, Exeter and Oxford andlater at Wells and Frome.1890 Re-named the Bath and West and Southern Counties Society.13
Page 1: A SHORT HISTORY OFAGRICULTURAL EDUC
Page 5: ContentsIntroduction 7A Chronology
Page 8 and 9: key government reports which have b
Page 10 and 11: It is hoped that this guide has pic
Page 14 and 15: 1965 The major annual agricultural
Page 16 and 17: took the £50 per annum post in the
Page 18 and 19: which he saw as the only means to i
Page 20 and 21: 1846 Taken over by the Farmer’s M
Page 22 and 23: 1836 A Select Committee was called
Page 24 and 25: e found for the production of meat
Page 26 and 27: 1912 Paper by J C Newsham, Basing,
Page 28 and 29: 1874 The Agricultural Gazette start
Page 30 and 31: Christopher. He was a barrister, MP
Page 32 and 33: 1868 Agricultural and Horticultural
Page 34 and 35: 1919 The Welsh Plant Breeding Stati
Page 36 and 37: 1875 Aberdeenshire Agricultural Ass
Page 38 and 39: 1878 The Chemistry of the Farm by R
Page 40 and 41: 1949 The College acquired the Lephi
Page 42 and 43: 1889 Horticultural College, Swanley
Page 44 and 45: 1890 Agricultural Instruction Commi
Page 46 and 47: 1979 Re-named Lancashire College of
Page 48 and 49: 1895 Dauntsey’s Agricultural Scho
Page 50 and 51: 1906. There had been an impetus fro
Page 52 and 53: 1952 The Plant Breeding Institute,
Page 54 and 55: 1898 University of London1898 The S
Page 56 and 57: 1946 The Sourhope Experimental Hill
Page 58 and 59: he became the first principal of Wy
Page 60 and 61: 1908 Knaresborough Rural Secondary
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Mendel (1822-1884 - the Silesian ab
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The veterinary field station labora
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1914 Department for Scientific and
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1917 Official Seed Testing Station
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1920s Higher Education - the defini
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1921 Scottish Plant Breeding Statio
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1924 National Poultry InstituteThe
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1928 Hannah Dairy Research Institut
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c1930Agricultural Entomology Instit
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1949 Name changed to the current In
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elderly of Guiseley. The remit of t
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2009 The college ceased its partner
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1948 Bridget’s Experimental Husba
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1949 Gleadthorpe Poultry Experiment
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1950 The ArchersThe radio programme
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structures, originally through MAFF
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1955 Ministry of Agriculture, Fishe
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1961 Wolverhampton Technical Teache
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1966 Farm Management Association199
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1973 Report on Agricultural Educati
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Wellesbourne in Warwickshire, East
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• Rothamsted Research, Harpenden,
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Landex was a revised form of its pr
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Some Agricultural SocietiesMost agr
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1819 Scarsdale and High Peak Agricu
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1848 Northamptonshire Agricultural
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114
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IndexNote : the date under which an
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1889 Abbotsholme School, Uttoxeter1
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1981 Biomathematics and Statistics
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1921 Corn Production Acts (Repeal)
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1918 Fisheries Experiment Station,
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1881 Institute for Plant Physiology
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1930 Macaulay Institute for Soil Re
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1921 Oaklands, College, Hertfordshi
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1767 Royal Manchester, Liverpool an
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2011 The Future of Food and Farming
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1915 Women's Institute1903 Workers
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A SHORT HISTORY OFAGRICULTURAL EDUC
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a short history of agricultural education and research

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