Used Electronic Products: An examination of US Exports - USITC

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This report was prepared principally byProject LeaderLaura Bloodgoodlaura.bloodgood@usitc.govDeputy Project LeaderAndrea Boronandrea.boron@usitc.govOffice of IndustriesShannon Gaffney, Al Goetzl, John Kitzmiller, Jeanette Leary,and Michael McConnellOffice of EconomicsWilliam Powers and Ravinder UbeeContent ReviewersWilliam Deese and Kimberlie FreundEditorial ReviewPeg HausmanAdministrative SupportPhyllis Boone, Monica Reed, and Wanda TolsonSpecial AssistanceDavid Lundy, Cynthia Payne, and Jeremy WiseHelp Desk and Customer Service DivisionUnder the direction ofKaren Laney, Director, Office of IndustriesMichael Anderson, Chief, Advanced Technologyand Machinery Division
AbstractAs the world’s leading market for electronic products, the United States generates largequantities of used electronic products (UEPs) each year. UEPs are collected fromconsumers and businesses and evaluated for their value. They are classified as workingelectronic products and parts to be refurbished and resold, or as non-working goods to berecycled into scrap materials. Both working products and scrap materials may be resoldin the United States or exported. These functions are performed by a diverse group oforganizations including waste collectors, recyclers, original equipment manufacturers,retailers, brokers, and professional service firms such as equipment leasing companiesand information technology (IT) asset management firms. The UEP supply chain is acomplicated network of domestic sales and exports, which are likely to occur along eachstep in the chain. In 2011, total domestic sales of UEPs were valued at $19.2 billion,compared to U.S. UEP exports of $1.45 billion. This report, prepared at the request of theU.S. Trade Representative, estimates and describes (1) the type, volume, value, andforeign markets of significance for U.S. exports of UEPs; (2) the characteristics of UEPsexported from the United States; (3) the forms, activities, and characteristics of domesticenterprises exporting these products; (4) the forms and activities, with respect to UEPs, ofenterprises receiving U.S. shipments; (5) the relative share of U.S. sales of UEPs that areexported; and (6) the factors affecting trade in UEPs. UEPs covered by this investigationinclude consumer and IT equipment such as audio and visual equipment, computers andperipheral equipment, digital imaging equipment, cell phones and othertelecommunication equipment, and component parts of these products.i
Page 1 and 2: United States International Trade C
Page 3: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS—ContinuedChapter 3 Chara
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS—ContinuedFigures—Conti
Page 12 and 13: CONTENTS—ContinuedTables—Contin
Page 14 and 15: ACRONYMSAUVBANCEACECCRTEACREMSEPAHT
Page 16 and 17: FIGURE ES.1 Used electronic product
Page 18 and 19: The top five destinations for U.S.
Page 20 and 21: FIGURE ES.4 Most 2011 U.S. exports
Page 22 and 23: TABLE ES.5 Estimated U.S exports of
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1IntroductionOverviewAs the
Page 29 and 30: Disposal (Basel Convention). 11 Box
Page 31 and 32: FIGURE 1.1 Used electronic products
Page 33 and 34: Approachforeign markets, or knowled
Page 35 and 36: Census DataIn addition to survey re
Page 37 and 38: industry more broadly, also surveyi
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 2Overview of U.S. Used Elec
Page 41 and 42: ecovery, and goods intended for dis
Page 43 and 44: FIGURE 2.2 Commercial collections w
Page 45 and 46: For other industry segments, the up
Page 47 and 48: Summary of UEP exports (million $)E
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 2.3 Exports of UEPs by U.S. c
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 2.4 Destination of U.S. expor
Page 53 and 54: The largest non-OECD destination ma
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FIGURE 2.10 Cell phones, Schedule B
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CHAPTER 3Characteristics of U.S. Us
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this category accounted for one-qua
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According to one U.S. computer refu
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BOX 3.1 A shift from domestic refur
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U.S. Exports of UEPs for Disposal 3
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Shipment Characteristics and Produc
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BOX 3.3 Disagreements regarding rep
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TABLE 3.4 U.S. exports of UEPs, by
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CHAPTER 4Domestic Exporting Entitie
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ecycling. 10 Entities primarily eng
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TABLE 4.3 Nonexporting UEP handlers
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TABLE 4.4 Types of exporters of UEP
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BOX 4.1 IT asset managers—collect
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Some refurbishers operate as nonpro
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States. They did export an estimate
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BrokersIn the UEP industry, brokers
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Other large retailers, including te
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CHAPTER 5End Uses and Foreign Buyer
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those were described as exports des
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facilities. Among the reasons cited
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manually separated. The burning of
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TABLE 5.3 Major smelting and refini
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U.S. firms exporting to foreign aff
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types of materials, including rare
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Li, B., H.Z. Du, H.J. Ding, and M.Y
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FIGURE 6.1 Certain factors encourag
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of electronic products that were re
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Some states have specific benchmark
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BOX 6.1 Responsible Electronics Rec
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BOX 6.2 Principal differences betwe
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In addition to requiring that their
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FIGURE 6.6 Average hourly labor com
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Restrictions on Trade in Used Elect
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TABLE 6.2 Regulations limiting impo
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Lepawsky, Josh, and Chris McNabb.
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APPENDIX ARequest Letter
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• the forms, activities and chara
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 22
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 22
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under the Paperwork Reduction Act.P
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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:I. Abstra
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APPENDIX CHearing Witnesses
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PANEL 2: REF URBISHERS/EXPORTERS:OR
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APPENDIX DSummary of Views of Inter
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valuable working equipment to overs
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iFixit 14Kyle Wiens, CEO of iFixit,
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InterConnection 22trade of commodit
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Mr. Bullock estimated that the aver
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Commission investigation has certai
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procedure for all of its locations,
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that these shipments pose the same
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Umicore USA (Umicore) 39In her test
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APPENDIX ESurvey Methods
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processing, and wholesale sales of
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Stratifying by the three dimensions
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the Commission received a total of
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TABLE E.6 Determinants of survey pa
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E-12TABLE E.7 Detailed weighting fo
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APPENDIX FWritten Questionnaire
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USITC Electronics Sector Questionna
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This appendix presents data compile
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UEP Exports by Primary Activity of
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FIGURE G.4 Unit volume share of ref
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TABLE G.9 Number of reported UEP bu
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UEP Exports by Organization SizeTot
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BibliographyU.S. Census Bureau (Cen
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Analysis of Selected Schedule B Exp
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TABLE H.2 Laptop computers: U.S. ex
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TABLE H.5 Summary of U.S. Census ex
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CRTs and Products Containing CRTsCR
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TABLE H.10 CRT TV’s: U.S. exports
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TABLE H.14 CRT monitors: U.S. expor
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TABLE H.18 CRTs w/ automatic data p
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TABLE H.22 CRTs Bare: U.S. exports
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TABLE H.25 Summary of U.S. Census e
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TABLE H.29 Summary of U.S. Census e
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Used Electronic Products: An examination of US Exports - USITC

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