potassium guidelines for field crops in new york - Purdue Agriculture

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Potassium Guidelines for Field Crops in New York. Second Release. June 12, 2003.and Volusia occur on the longer slopes, and near the bases of hills where water tends tocollect or seep from above.3.4 Soil management group IVThese soils are low in K-supplying power and are coarse- to moderately coarsetextured soils formed from glacial till or glacial outwash (Figure 2). There is nosubdivision of the soil management IV. The soil texture is sandy loam or silt loam in thesurface, with or without gravel. The subsurface ranges from gravelly loam to claytextured. The slopes vary from level to strongly undulating. The somewhat poorly topoorly drained soils of this group can usually be drained effectively with widely spacedtile lines.Figure 2: Glacial influences set the stage for soil management groups.These soil profiles usually have an available water capacity of 3 to 5 inches.Crops grown on these soils suffer from insufficient water during extended dry periods,especially if the water table is more than 2 to 3 feet in depth. The soil tilth is excellent,and the soils can be worked over a wide range of moisture conditions without injury.Erosion from wind and water may be a problem in some areas. Most of these soils requireregular additions of lime for crop growth. Crops respond well to fertilizers when moistureis adequate. Examples of the well-drained to moderately well drained soils of this groupare Bombay, Broadalbin, Copake, Empeyville, Gloucester, Grenville, Hogansburg,Hoosic, Ira, Madrid, Moira, Parishville, Sodus, and Worth. The somewhat poorly topoorly drained soils include Brayton, Fredon, Massena, Scriba, and Westbury.12
Potassium Guidelines for Field Crops in New York. Second Release. June 12, 2003.3.5 Soil management group VThese are coarse- to very coarse-textured soils formed from gravelly or sandyglacial outwash or glacial lake beach ridges or deltas. The parent material for these soilshas been reworked by water either as glacial outwash or by wave action from the glaciallakes, removing almost all the fine materials (silt and clay) and leaving usually deepdeposits of sand and/or gravel. The soils that form have similar textures, usually withlittle organic matter. The topography is nearly level to undulating. Most of these soils areexcessively drained. The available water capacity is very low, 2 to 3 inches.Supplemental irrigation is essential for consistent crop production. The tilth of these soilsis generally good to loose. They can be worked at almost any time following a rain andare commonly used for producing fresh market vegetable crops. They require small, butregular, additions of lime. The fertility needs are great. The soils usually supply less than50 pounds per acre of available N or K. Leaching of fertilizer N and K is a problem, andadditional N and K should be added to the irrigated soils. Without irrigation these soilshave low yields, generally less than 90 bushels per acre of corn (15 tons of 35% moisturesilage per acre) and 4.5 tons of alfalfa (12% moisture). Examples of the excessivelydrained to well-drained soils include Alton, Colosse, Colton, Hinckley, and Windsor. Thesomewhat poorly and poorly drained soils include Claverack, Colonie, Elmwood,Granby, Junius, and Swanton.3.6 Muck soilsMuck is formed by deposits of decaying organic matter in bogs. Muck lands mustbe drained before they can be used for agriculture. Water management is extremelyimportant not only for drainage for crop production but also for irrigation and control ofthe rate of decay of the organic matter. Muck soils are usually high in N, but low in P, K,copper and magnesium. The deep mucks may have marl mixed with, or very close to, thesurface. This complicates the fertility program, especially for zinc and manganese.The muck soils are generally used for the production of vegetable crops, but fieldcrops are sometimes grown. When used for field crops, they should be fertilized withphosphorus and potassium as indicated in the section for soil management group V but Napplication rates should be reduced one-third to one-half of the rates recommended formineral soils.4. SOIL TEST INTERPRETATION AND CONVERSIONSCornell University’s potassium recommendations are based on decades of yieldresponse trials in New York. The Morgan extraction is the basis for theserecommendations. Cornell soil K tests can be interpreted using Table 2.13
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