Totalitarianism and Political Religions, Volume III - Historiaonceib ...

192 The new approachesthe human being was established through her dispute with Eric Voegelin on thesubject.38 On the failure of the classical concepts of tyranny, dictatorship and despotismto understand the new phenomenon, see Hannah Arendt [EU], Elemente undUrsprünge totaler Herrschaft, 7th edn (Munich, 2000), 944–79.39 Construing the connections as ‘crystallisation points’ demonstrates both thedisparity and the connection of the elements and origins of the phenomenon oftotalitarianism. At the same time, however, it prohibits a fatal causality. Comparehere Arendt, ‘Eine Antwort’, Hannah Arendt [Über Totalitarismus (1988)],Über den Totalitarismus. Texte Hannah Arendts aus den Jahren 1951 und 1953,translated from the English by Ursula Ludz (Dresden, 1998). The controversywith Eric Voegelin on the mutability of human nature can be found here as well(43–44). This question is worked out further in Ingeborg Nordmann’s commentary[Nordmann (1998)], ‘How to Write about Totalitarianism?’, in HannahArendt, Über den Totalitarismus. Texte Hannah Arendts aus den Jahren 1951und 1953, translated from the English by Ursula Ludz (Dresden, 1998), 53–68,59. See here also Ingeborg Nordmann [Nordmann (1994)], Hannah Arendt(Frankfurt/New York, 52).40 Hannah Arendt, Das Urteilen. Texte zu Kants politischer Philosophie (Munich,1985).41 Nordmann (1994), 59–60. Also Ronald Beiner [Beiner (1982)], Hannah Arendtüber das Urteilen’, Hannah Arendt, Das Urteilen. Texte zu Kants PolitischerPhilosophie (Munich, 1985), 115–98, 125.42 Compare Ernst Vollrath [Vollrath (1990)], ‘Hannah Arendt’, Karl Graf Ballestremand Henning Ottman (eds), Politische Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts(Munich/Vienna, 1990), 21ff.43 For a brief, almost abbreviated account of the individual steps taken, see AchimWagenknecht [Wagenknecht (1995)], Einführung in die politische PhilosophieHannah Arendts (Marburg, 1995), 15ff.44 EU, 20ff. On anti-semitism as a phenemonon of decadence in the transition ofthe nation-state to imperialism, see EU, 43.45 EU, 405ff., on this see also Siegbert Wolf [Wolf (1991)], Hannah Arendt. Einführungenin ihr Werk (Frankfurt, 1991), 47.46 EU, 483; Wolf (1991), 47.47 First, this means the human being as administrative mass. See EU, 405, 515.48 Hannah Arendt, ‘Die menschliche Natur steht auf dem Spiel’, from the ‘Foreword’and ‘Concluding Remarks’ of the first edition of The Origins of Totalitarianism(1951), in Über Totalitarismus (1998), 13.49 EU, 699; Arendt, ‘Die menschliche Natur steht auf dem Spiel’, op. cit., 17;Nordmann (1994), 60.50 On Arendt’s distinction of rule and political action, see the explanation ofHauke Brunkhorst [Brunkhorst (1999)], Hannah Arendt (Munich, 1999), 107ff.51 EU, 731.52 EU, 663.53 As has already been noted, construing the connections as ‘crystallisationpoints’ enables Arendt to make the transition to a conceptual analysis. See hereArendt in her answer to Eric Voegelin, who does not see the nature of the humanbeing to have been abolished, but develops a causal connection between the lossof transcendence and totalitarianism with his concept of gnosis. See here theconfrontation between Arendt and Voegelin concerning human nature that wasoccasioned by The Origins of Totalitarianism (Über Totalitarismus (1998), 33–52).54 This switch in the manner of proceeding – from indicating historical indices toan analysis and outline of political concepts – is located in chapter 9 (EU,559ff.) of Elemente und Ursprünge. Compare Brunkhorst (1999), 90.