Duplicity Theory of Vision: From Newton to the Present

viii contents3.8 Parinaud and König: early reformulations ofthe duplicity theory 293.9 The duplicity theory of Parinaud 303.10 König: rhodopsin is the mediator of nightvision – a conclusive proof 323.11 The duplicity theory of König 323.12 The duplicity theory of von Kries 343.13 An attempt to unify the theories of Schultzeand Young- Helmholtz 384 The Goethe tradition: the phenomenological approach 414.1 Phenomenological analysis may revealunderlying material processes 414.2 The colour theory of J. W. von Goethe 424.3 Goethe’s contribution 444.4 The colour theory of Ewald Hering 454.5 Experiments in support of Hering’s colour theory 494.6 Contributions of Hering 505 The colour theories of Armin Tschermakand George Elias Müller 525.1 The colour theory of Tschermak 525.2 The duplicity theory of G. E. Müller 535.3 Evaluation of G. E. Müller’s colour theory 59Part II The development of the duplicity theoryfrom 1930–1966 616 The duplicity theory of Polyak 626.1 Trichromacy of colour vision explained bythree types of bipolar cell 636.2 Midget ganglion cells as synthesizers 656.3 The specific fibre-energy doctrine questioned 656.4 Applications of Polyak’s colour theory 666.5 Common pathways of rods and cones 676.6 Explanations of acuity and sensitivity differencesbetween rods and cones 696.7 The functional potentials of the synaptic arrangement70