V&M STAR - Feam

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Slag Slag is a byproduct of metalsmelting, and hundreds of tons of itare produced annually in theprocess of refining metals andmaking alloys. In appearance, slag looks like aloose collection of aggregate withlumps of varying sizes. Slag is produced in a number ofways: Represents undesired impurities in themetals being smelted which float to thetop during smelting process. During smelting, metals oxidize and slagforms a protective crust of oxides on thetop of the metal being smelted. Common components of slaginclude: Silicon oxides Aluminum oxides Magnesium oxides Sulfur oxides Phosphorus Calcium Ash Limestone
Regulatory Status of Slag in U.S. The US Federal Register, Vol. 45, No.98, May 19, 1980, lists thesubstances ruled hazardous by theUS Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). US has four major hazardous wastecharacteristics: Ignitability,Corrosivity, Reactivity, and Toxicity. Slag was tested by the U.S. EPA andfound to be non hazardous: Retained heat from manufacturing orprocessing was dropped from thestandard to avoid inclusion of slag inthe Ignitability hazard class. Corrosivity requirements werechanged to only include liquid wastesand the upper pH value raised to 12.5or more, effectively excluding high pHsteel slag from the hazardousclassification. Reactivity standards were revised torequire that any toxic gases generatedmust be in 'a quantity sufficient topresent a danger to human health or theenvironment'; slag generates onlyminute quantities and is thereforeexempted. Toxicity requirements set maximumleachate values at 100 times thedrinking water standard, far higher thanany slag could ever be expected to test. The only furnace-related by-productof the steel industry listed ashazardous is the electric-furnaceemission control dust or sludge,based on possible highconcentrations of hexavalentchromium, lead, and cadmium.
Page 1: SLAGV&M STARPresentation - Date - R
Page 5 and 6: TCLP: Maximum Concentration ofConta
Page 7 and 8: Processors of Iron and Steel Slag i
Page 13 and 14: Slag Use in U.S. In 1997, iron and
Page 15 and 16: Youngstown, OhioThe V&M - Youngstow
Page 17 and 18: Slag Processing Tube City IMS serve
Page 19 and 20: V & M Star pilot study to reduce wa
Page 21 and 22: 2008 Pilot Study (cont.)Completed s
Page 23 and 24: Awards V&M STAR Ohio received the 2
Page 25 and 26: Contact Information: Soil Solutions
Page 27: References1. Information developed

V&M STAR - Feam

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