The Omedian Technical Architecture - Red Gate Software

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Page 15 of 90Chapter 2: SQL Server XML Crib SheetTransforming XML dataXSLXSL is a stylesheet language for XML that is used to transform an XML document into a different format. Itincludes XSLT, and also an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting (XSL-FO). XSL specifies the styling of anXML and describes how an XML document is transformed into another document.Although the resulting document is often HTML, one can transform an XML document into formats such asText, CSV, RTF, TeX or Postscript. An application designer would use an XSL stylesheet to turn structuredcontent into a presentable rendition of a layout; he can use XSL to specify how the source content should bestyled, laid out, and paginated onto some presentation medium. This may not necessarily be a screen display butmight be a hand-held device, a set of printed pages in a catalogue, price-list, directory, report, pamphlet, or book.XSLTXSLT (XSL Transformations), a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, is anintrinsic part of XSL. XSLT and XSL are often referred to as if they were synonymous. However, XSLis thecombination of XSLT and XSL-FO (the XSL Formatting Objects).The Document Object ModelThe Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform- and language-neutral interface to enable programs andscripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of XML documents.XML represents data in a tree structure. Any parser will try to convert the flat text-stream representation of anXML or HTML document into a structured model. The Document Object model provides a standardized way ofaccessing data from XML, querying it with XPath/XQuery and manipulating it as an object. This makes it a greatdeal easier for application languages to read or manipulate the data, using methods and objectsThe DOM defines the logical structure of the documents and the way they can be accessed. It provides aprogramming interface for XML documentsSQL Server's OpenXML function actually uses a DOM, previously created using the sp_xml_prepareDocumentstored procedure. This function is a 'shredder' that then provides rowsets from the DOM.XML Web ServicesSQL Server 2005 will support web services based on SOAP. SOAP is a lightweight, stateless, one-way messageprotocol for exchange of information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SQL Server's support makes itmuch easier for SQL Server to participate in systems based on Unix, Linux or mobile devices.XML Web services can be placed in the database tier, making SQL Server an HTTP listener. This provides a newtype of data access capability for applications that are centralized around Web services, utilizing the lightweightWeb server, HTTPSYS, that is now in the operating system, without Internet Information Services (IIS). SOAPcan potentially be used with a variety of other protocols other than HTTP but the HTTP-based service is theonly one in current use;SQL Server exposes a Web service interface to allow execution of SQL statements and invocation of functionsand procedures. Query results are returned in XML format and can take advantage of the Web servicesinfrastructure of Visual Studio. Web service methods can be called from a .NET application almost like any othermethod.A web service is created by:Page 15Chapter 2: SQL Server XML Crib Sheet
Page 16 of 90Chapter 2: SQL Server XML Crib Sheet• Establishing an HTTP endpoint on the SQL Server instance, to configure SQL Server to listen on aparticular port for HTTP requests.• Exposing Stored procedures or user-defined functions as Web Methods• Creating the WSDLThe web services can include SQL batches of ad-hoc queries separated by semicolons.GlossaryCharacter entitiesInfosetNamespaceRSSSGMLWSDLXDMXDRXHTMLXMLXML SchemaXQueryXSDXSLThese are certain characters that are represented by multi-character codes, so as notto conflict with the markup.This is an XML document that represents a data structure and is associated with aschema.Namespaces are designed to prevent clashes between data items that have the samename but in different data structures. A 'name', for example, may have differentmeanings in different part of a data map. Namespaces are generally defined in XMLSchemas. Elements in an XML document can be prefixed to attributes. SOAPNamespaces are part of SOAP messages and WSDL filesAn RDF vocabulary used for site summaries.The Standard Generalised Markup Language. HTML and XML are applications ofSGMLWeb Services Description Language (WSDL) is an XML format for describingnetwork services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing eitherdocument-oriented or procedure-oriented informationThe Data model used by Xquery to shred XML documentsXML-Data reduced, a subset of the XML-Data schema method.A language for rendering web pages. It is basically HTML that conforms to generalXML rules and can be processed as an XML document.XML is an acronym for Extensible Markup Language and is a language that is usedto describe data and how it should be displayed.An XML Schema is an XML document that describes a data structure and metadatarather than the data itselfXQuery is a query language designed for querying XML data in much the same waythat SQL is used, but appropriate to the complex data structures possible in XMLdocumentsA schema-definition vocabulary, used in XML SchemaaA transformation language for XML documents: XSLT. Originally intended toperform complex styling operations, like the generation of tables of contents andindexes, it is now used as a general purpose XML processing language. XSLT is thuswidely used for purposes other than XSL, like generating HTML web pages fromXML data.Page 16Chapter 2: SQL Server XML Crib Sheet
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