the dual fuel experience the dual fuel experience - CNG Services

FeaturesUses a standard electronic diesel engineVehicles can utilise both CNG and LNGDiesel used only as a pilot for ignitionFully automated operation to meet changing speed and loadconditionsMaintains versatility to run on diesel aloneCleaner fuelClick for animation

EU – Tackling CO 2 EmissionsRoad transport emissions 20% of totalgreenhouse gas emissions across theEU-15 in 2004.Eurostat estimate EU-15 transportgreenhouse gas emissions in 2010 willbe 27% above 1990 levels.Tackling CO 2 emissions increasinglyimportant part of strategy to avoidclimate change.Trade-offs between reducingemissions in transport sector versusreducing emissions in heavyindustry.Adding “carbon price” to road fuelpricesLong term price signals to fuelproducers and vehiclemanufacturers to invest in energyefficient, low-carbon technology.EU-level action to address CO 2fromtransport, with the same carbon priceimpacting on transport costs acrossthe EU.Delivering CO 2savings withcertainty

CO 2 Emission ReductionCO2 reduction30.00%25.00%20.00%15.00%10.00%5.00%0.00%Dual Fuel Substitution Vs CO2 reduction50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90%Substitution LevelSubstitutionRate %CO2reduction%Saving pervehicle peryear(Kg)50% 13.75% 1631555% 15.08% 1789360% 16.42% 1948365% 17.83% 2115670% 19.17% 2274675% 20.58% 2441980% 21.92% 2600985% 23.33% 2768290% 24.67% 29272Saving per vehicle per year based on 75000 miles per year and 7.5mpg, and 1 litre of diesel emits 2.61kg CO 2

Reducing our Carbon FootprintDiesel saving per month180,000160,000Diesel saving per month (litres140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,000060 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Gas use per month (Tonnes)

EU Limit ValuesEURO 3EURO 4EURO 5UnitDiesel/GasDiesel/GasDiesel/GasCO 5.45 4.0 4.0HC - - -NMHC g/kWh 0.78 0.55 0.55CH 4 1.6 1.1 1.1NO X 5.0 3.5 2.0PM 0.16/0.21 1) 3) 0.03 2) 0.03 2)SMOKE M -1 - - -1)For engines having a swept volume of less than 0.75 dm3 per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3000 min -12) For natural gas engines only3) Not applicable for gas engines – Euro 3 stage

AdvantagesReducedDependencyOn OilCorporateImageCO 2 SavingsEU ComplianceEmissionStandardsCostSavings

Multi Concept TechnologyCombined technologiesUnprecedented ContainmentIntroducing the Hardstaff (OIGI®)Dual Fuel system and dedicated gasengine running on CNG, powered byCummins Westport C & B Gas PlusenginesUmbilical Trailer ContainmentSystemFuelling InfrastructureLCNG Station

OIGI® Dual Fuel TechnologyCO 2 savings of 20%35% to 65% reduction in NOxHardstaff Exhaust System will meet Euro IV and Euro V emissions98% reduction in CO3 dB reduction in noise levels using Hardstaff exhaust technology

Market OpportunitiesOIGI® Dual Fuel technologies can be adapted to any fullyelectronically controlled fuel injection system, including: -►Euro 2,3,4 and 5 light and heavy duty vehicles► Refuse Collection Vehicles (RCV)► Buses and Coaches►OIGI® technologies can also be adapted to passenger vehicles

Biogas as vehicle fuelWhen When upgraded, raw raw biogasbiogasfrom from a digester or or landfillhas has same the same characteristics asnatural characteristics gasas naturalgas.Biogas Biogasvehiclesutilise vehiclessame engineand utilisevehicletheconfiguration same engineasnatural and vehiclegasconfigurationas naturalgas.DAF DAF CF CF 85 85 New New generation product (DAF (DAF 65 65430bhp in in build) build)

Yields MWh/haCROP BASED BIO FUELS*Data from recent German and Austrian Studies