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Carolina. Moravian style pipes were of two types. The first was a “simple elbow-shaped,anthropomorphic . . . form with characterized faces and stylized hair. The areas around theface and lower stem were fluted or ribbed” often in a leaf-like manner (Carnes-McNaughton1997:217) (Figure 49a–c, h). The second style was a plain, fluted or ribbed elbow-shaped,stub-stemmed pipe (Figure 50a–k).Both of the possible Aust pipes are the anthropomorphic type with a face on the frontof the bowl (Figure 49b–c, h; fragments b and c are likely the same pipe). One of the pipeswas glazed (a trait thought exclusive to the Moravian pipe makers, but recently shown tohave been adopted by other local early nineteenth-century potters, specifically at the SolomonLoy site – see Carnes-McNaughton 1997:218; see also Figure 49i for another glazed, possiblylocally-made early nineteenth-century pipe). These pipes are remarkably like pipes excavatedfrom Aust’s workshops, and from Stanley South’s drawings of Aust’s pipes excavated atBethabara (reproduced in Sudbury 1979). The location of these pipes in Level 4, in thenorthern half of the site, is appropriate for a late-eighteenth-century, early nineteenth-centurytime frame.The third possible late eighteenth-century pipe is not stub-stemmed, but is theubiquitous long-stemmed white kaolin form found throughout eighteenth-century contexts(Figure 49f–g). These were mass-produced in western Europe in the eighteenth century andcontinued to be produced until the mid-nineteenth century (Wackman 1990:75), yet only asingle specimen of this type was found on the Lot 11 site. In general, the pipe assemblage isof local manufacture in the first half of the nineteenth century, and of American manufacturein the late nineteenth century. Only three pipes (including this one) out of 63 were identifiedas possible imports (see below).The majority of identified pipes (79%) belonged to the 1800–1870 time period (Table14). These pipes are fairly evenly distributed between Levels 1 and 2, and Levels 3 and 4. InLevel 4 they are most numerous in the northern part of the site; in Level 2 they are morenumerous in the southern part.Most of the pipes from this period were the stub-stemmed, fluted or ribbed Moravianstylepipe. These later pipes are a little more crudely made than the true eighteenth-centuryMoravian pipes (Figure 50f–k). As alluded to above, this style of pipe and the pipe moldsthemselves continued in use throughout the nineteenth century, but peak production years forthis style locally were between 1840 and 1870, the same years of peak production for locallyproducedstoneware vessels, produced by the same potters who were making the pipes.Four of the pipes were attributed to Nathaniel Dixon, who likely made some of thestoneware vessels from the site (see above). One of these four had his name “NH DIXON”clearly stamped on the pipe (Figure 50m). Two others, similar in style, have writing that istoo faint to read clearly but the writing starts with the same letter “N” (Figure 50n–o). Thefourth pipe has no markings but seems to have come from an almost identical mold as thepipe clearly marked Dixon (Figure 50l). They are all made from the same color and type ofclay. As discussed above, Dixon worked as a potter from the late 1840s to his death in 1863.It is possible that these pipes were made by his wife, using his molds, but the pipes attributedto her in the literature are described as white “Indian Head” pipes, and a photo of one of herpipes shows a white, long-stemmed form (Zug 1985:181). Two white, crudelyanthropomorphic pipe bowls were recovered from the site, but it has not been possible thusfar to attribute them to any specific maker (Figure 49d–e). Sally Michaels also made white50