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In 1893 the University attempted to supply running water from a large well pumped intoholding tanks in the attic of South Building, but this did not meet requirements (Battle1912:570–571). In 1901 the University completed their first water works and sewage system:Steam pumps were put up on Bowlin’s Creek, about one and a half miles fromthe Campus, from which the water was forced into a lofty tank, from which itdescends by gravity to the places needed [Battle 1912:571].In 1903 the buildings were provided with sanitary conveniences such as “Bathtubs, showerbaths, closets” (Battle 1912:511).The town, however, had to wait longer for a water system. They had long relied ontwo wells, one in front of the Methodist Church, and the other on the corner of Franklin andColumbia streets. “The town installed pumps in both in 1904” (Vickers 1985:102). The“entire community, business and residential, [was] dependent on privies until sewer lineswere installed in 1906” (Vickers 1985:102). Thus, the hotel may never have had runningwater and bathrooms before its sale to the University in 1911. The bathroom in the shedattached to the Phi Delta Theta fraternity house looks like an afterthought (the shed is drawnin on the 1911 insurance map [see Figure 10], and is visible in the 1919 aerial photograph[see Figure 15]), and the house may have been hooked up to the sewer lines some time after itwas built (The house was probably built some time after Coxe’s purchase of the property in1908 – see Historical Background above).In addition to the ceramic chamber pots, washbasins, and ewers, one base fragment ofa ceramic shaving creme container was recovered, marked “SHAVING CREME”. ..“PREMIUM”.Toothbrushes. Fourteen toothbrush fragments, representing at least 12 toothbrushes,were recovered from the site (Figure 48a–g). This number seems large in comparison to theoccurrence of other grooming aids. Only two comb fragments were found (Levels 2 and 4,northern part of the site), and no hair brushes were recovered. All but one of the toothbrusheswere found either north or south of the fraternity house (one was found within the walls ofthe fraternity house), and all but one came from Levels 1 and 2.Nine of the toothbrushes were bone, and one was marked “L’Elegante.” The onewooden toothbrush was marked “COWARD & WOOTEN.” There were two plastictoothbrushes, one of which was marked “PATENTED OCT 21, 1884”. . .“AUG. 8, 1899”. ..“The Prophylactic”. . .“Florence Mf’g. Co.”. . .“MEDIUM”. . .“6”. It seems likely that manyof these toothbrushes were associated with the fraternity house, while some of the bone onesin the northern part of the site, where there seems to have been a cache of six of them, maybelong to the hotel context. The ones south of the fraternity house were found near thepossible dental tool (see above).Glass – Cosmetics/Toiletries. Cosmetic and toiletry glasswares make up a very smallpercentage of the total glass from the site (Table 4). Fragments from positively identifiedvessels in this group add up to a count of 18 out of a total glass count of 5,785, or one third ofone percent of the entire assemblage. The forms represented are shaving creme containers,54
shampoo bottles, and a cosmetic jar. Indeterminate vessels which might be added to thisgroup include six possible cosmetic bottles and a possible perfume bottle.The shaving creme jars are all cobalt blue, machine-made glass jars with threadedlips, which dates them to after 1903, and possibly after 1924, when machine threads on screwtop containers became standardized (Polak 1997:14). This date would connect these artifactswith the fraternity house. Additionally, all of them were recovered from the disturbedoverburden.Four shampoo bottles are represented by fragments. All of them are “LUCKYTIGER FOR SCALP”. . .“ECZEMA & DANDRUFF” (Figure 54c). These weremanufactured by the Obear-Nester Glass Co., East St. Louis, sometime after 1915, and soalso belong to the fraternity house. All but three of these fragments were recovered from thebackhoe excavation and overburden. Three fragments were found west of the fraternityhouse in Level 2.Two whole cosmetic bottles (Figure 54b), and three fragments were recovered fromthe backhoe excavation and overburden. They are all machine-made, and have threaded lipsand base markings which date them to post-1924. These too, would have been related to thefraternity house.Two possible cosmetic bottles were recovered from the area north of the fraternityhouse in Levels 2 and 4. One of them is clear glass and marked “FRENCH LOSS”. ..“WHITTEMORE BOSTON” (Figure 54d). The mold markings on this bottle date it to the1860–1880 time period.Bottles made before about 1860 have mold seams which end at the shoulder or low onthe neck. This was due to melting caused by the manual joining of the neck and finish to themolded body. Bottles made between about 1860 and 1880 have mold seams which endbelow the mouth due to the manual joining of a separate lip. Around 1880, a closed moldwas used to form the entire bottle but the lip was sanded where it was severed from theblowpipe, causing the mold marks to disappear about one-quarter inch from the top of thebottle. Machine-made bottles after 1903 have seams which run the full length of the bottleand over the lip (Polak 1997:19–20).It was not possible to determine the manufacturing method from the remnants of thepossible cosmetic bottle from Level 4.An opaque, white glass cosmetic jar was also found, marked “MUM MFG. COPHILA. PA”. This was recovered from the disturbed overburden. It was machine-made andpostdates 1903.Glass – Pharmaceutical. A large number of pharmaceutical bottles were recoveredfrom the site (Table 1). The number of identified bottles and fragments represents about 13%of the entire identified bottle assemblage (Table 4). The distribution of pharmaceuticalbottles on the site is shown in Table 17. The majority of bottles were found in Level 2 inboth the northern and southern halves of the site. All of the bottles in Level 4 were foundnorth of the “Poor House.”Three of the bottles were empontilled and probably antedate 1866. They were allfound in Level 2, one north of the “Poor House” and two within the structure.Molded whole bottles, and neck-finish fragments from pharmaceutical bottles andother unidentified bottles, were analyzed to date the mold markings (see Cosmetic bottles55
Page 1 and 2:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT TH
Page 3 and 4:
ABSTRACTArchaeological investigatio
Page 5 and 6:
Moffitt, Brooks Rainey, Patricia Sa
Page 7 and 8:
ChapterPage6. Conclusions and Recom
Page 9 and 10:
TablePage16. Distribution of cerami
Page 11 and 12:
FigurePage18. Excavating Sq. 140R95
Page 13 and 14:
Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONThis report de
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDThe t
Page 17 and 18: Book 17:59-60). Gavin Hogg paid off
Page 19 and 20: and the sale of the western half of
Page 21 and 22: After the Civil War, the town fell
Page 23 and 24: train young men and women to teach
Page 25 and 26: the university was the Delta Kappa
Page 27 and 28: ENDNOTES1 A typescript of this deed
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 3FIELD METHODSFieldwork was
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 4RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Page 33 and 34: foundations were 2 ft wide and the
Page 35 and 36: Level 2aThis soil level occurred on
Page 37 and 38: Feature 2Feature 2 was a linear dis
Page 39 and 40: Feature 12Feature 12 was a small, s
Page 41 and 42: ARCHITECTURAL GROUPA large number o
Page 43 and 44: southern and northern parts of the
Page 45 and 46: Kitchen GroupCeramics. As shown in
Page 47 and 48: is probably no earlier than the sec
Page 49: consumption of wine in ante-bellum
Page 53 and 54: 50% of the assemblage). If, and whe
Page 55 and 56: sat down. Diners then helped themse
Page 57 and 58: ecords show his property increased
Page 59 and 60: The ceramic marbles could easily be
Page 61 and 62: southern to northern halves of the
Page 63 and 64: anthropomorphic pipes (Sudbury 1979
Page 65: TOILETRIES GROUPThe Toiletries grou
Page 69 and 70: Items likely associated with the fr
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 6CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
Page 73 and 74: REFERENCESAnonymousc.1797 Plan of t
Page 75 and 76: Majewski, Teresita, and Michael J.
Page 77 and 78: Wilson, Louis R.1957 The University
Page 79 and 80: Table 1 continued.Activity Group Qu
Page 81 and 82: Table 3 continued.Category 0-2 cm 2
Page 83 and 84: Table 7. Distribution of kitchen ce
Page 85 and 86: Table 10. Distribution of ceramic t
Page 87 and 88: Table 13. Distribution of glass and
Page 89 and 90: Table 17. Distribution of pharmaceu
Page 91 and 92: PRESBYTERIANCHURCHHENDERSON STREETN
Page 93 and 94: Figure 4. 1797 map of Chapel Hill a
Page 95 and 96: Figure 6. 1857 Chapel Hill Business
Page 97 and 98: Figure 8. View of Franklin Street l
Page 99 and 100: Figure 10. Portion of a 1911 map co
Page 101 and 102: Figure 12. Delta Kappa Epsilon hous
Page 103 and 104: Figure 14. Kemp P. Battle with Phi
Page 105 and 106: Figure 16. Portion of a 1932 map co
Page 107 and 108: Figure 18. Excavating Sq. 140R95 pr
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20. Removing topsoil from th
Page 111 and 112: Figure 22. Exposing the south wall
Page 113 and 114: Pettigrew Site(RLA-Or412)Architectu
Page 115 and 116: Stone FoundationsStone FoundationsD
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 28. View of Structure 2 full
Page 119 and 120:
160 150 140 130 120 110 100100 ft99
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 32. Prehistoric lithic artif
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 34. Miscellaneous ceramic an
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 36. Glassware: oil lamp chim
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 38. Stoneware: Virginia-made
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 40. Refined, undecorated war
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 42. Whiteware plate, 9.5”
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 44. Transfer printed wares:
Page 135 and 136:
Figure 46. Transfer printed wares:
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 48. Toothbrushes and possibl
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 50. Early to mid-nineteenth-
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 52. Refined, undecorated whi
Page 143 and 144:
Figure 54. Glass cosmetic and shamp
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix 1. Chain of title for Lot
Page 147 and 148:
30030024060300Lot 11George Johnston
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