Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents

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Guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents1999 updateDoseEmergency planExcess absolute risk(EAR)ExposureFormulationA measure of the radiation received or‘absorbed’ by a target. the quantities termedabsorbed dose, organ dose, equivalent dose,effective dose, committed equivalent dose orcommitted effective dose are used, dependingon the context. the modifying terms are oftenomitted when they are not necessary fordefining the quantity of interest.In medicine: identical to dosage (see above).To avoid confusion in this document, theterm dose has been reserved for use in thecontext described above and the term dosagehas been used to indicate the medicalcontext.A set of procedures to be implemented in theevent of an accident.The excess number of cases induced by oneunit exposure, in addition to the spontaneousnumber of cases. ear is usually expressed asnumber of cases per year per 10 000 personsexposed to a dose of 1 Gy.The act or condition of being subject toirradiation. exposure can be either externalexposure (irradiation by sources outside thebody) or internal exposure (irradiation bysources inside the body). exposure can beclassified as either normal exposure orpotential exposure; either occupational,medical or public exposure; and, inintervention situations, either emergencyexposure or chronic exposure. the termexposure is also used in radiation dosimetryto express the amount of ionizationproduced in air by ionizing radiation.The composition, both in terms of chemicalform and quantity, for a pharmaceuticalproduct (e.g. potassium iodide or iodate in27
Guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents1999 updateGeneric interventionlevel (GIL)Graves’ diseaseHyperthyroidismHypocomplementaemicvasculitisHypothyroidismInterventionIntervention levelmilligrams and quantities of other ingredientsof a tablet).A predetermined intervention level specifiedfor a particular intervention. For example,the GIL for distribution of stable iodinerecommended in the Basic Safety Standardsis 100 mGy. GILs are primarily intended forplanning purposes.A syndrome characterized by diffuse goitre,excessive functional activity of the thyroidgland (hyperthyroidism) and oftenassociated with protrusion of the eyes(exophthalmos).Excessive functional activity of the thyroidgland.Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitissyndrome (HUVS), a rare, severe,autoimmune disorder related to systemiclupus erythematosus. Symptoms caused byinflammation in blood vessels may belimited to the skin (recurrent urticaria) orinvolve multiple organs such as joints,kidneys, and lungs. The level ofcomplements in the blood is depressed andcomplement antibodies are present. Severeallergic reaction to iodine has beendescribed in these patients.Deficiency of thyroid activity.Any action intended to reduce or avertexposure or the likelihood of exposure tosources which are not part of a controlledpractice or which are out of control as aconsequence of the accident.The level of avertable dose at which aspecific protective action or remedial actionis taken in the event of emergency exposureor chronic exposure.28
Page 1 and 2: WHO/SDE/PHE/99.6English onlyDist.:
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Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents

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