$1.95 The conflict the church and the synagogue

XviINTRODUCTIONthen many Jewish works on the subject have appeared.Among them some of the most noticeable are As others sawHim, by Joseph Jacobs; The Trial of Jesus, by an AmericanJewish lawyer, Max Radin; and more recently Jesus ofNazareth, by Joseph Klausner.A second product of the new study of the Scriptures wasa re-examination of the debt owed by Christianity toJudaism. This produced a considerable literature duringthe latter half of the nineteenth century. The firstgroup toundertake such study were astonishingly little influenced bymodern views of Judaism. Harnack and Schurer reproducealmost the same conception of the Jews as the theologians ofthe early centuries of the Church. A revision of the Gospelaccount of Pharisaism, and of the accepted conception of theTalmud, was made necessary by the appearance of ThePharisees, by Travers Herford, and by the literature arisingout of the Rohling-Bloch trial. Though the actual trial nevertook place, since Rohling withdrew the day before it was toopen, it gave the opportunity for a complete refutation of theusual calumnies on the Talmud. At the same time the reemergenceof ritual murder accusations led to the publicationby Hermann Strack of The Jew in Human Sacrifice. Finally,in recent years, have appeared two exhaustive studies byChristian scholars on early Judaism, Judaism of the TannaiticPeriod, by George Foote Moore, and the Kommentar zumNeuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch, by HermannStrack and Paul Billerbeck. On the same subject, fromthe Jewish side, have appeared The Synoptic Gospels andRabbinic Literature and Gospel Teaching, by Claude Montefiore.To these may be added the study of the differentstrata in the Gospels as they present the teaching of Jesus,Jesus and the Law of Moses, by B. H. Branscombe.A third development of the nineteenth century was a newJewish interest in secular history. This interest produceda great Jewish apologist in H. Graetz, who began hisGeschichte derjuden about 1850, following up and surpassingsuch limited works as those of Depping and Bedarride onthe history of the Jews in western Europe. Since the time ofGraetz many Jewish historians have appeared, includingDubnow with a further complete history of the Jews, Justerwith a specialised study of the Jews in the Roman Empire,