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CHAPTER ONETHE JEWS IN THE ROMAN WORLDBIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTIONIt is not the task of this chapter to survey the whole ofthe Jewish diaspora, nor to give in any detail the legal,social, and religious position of the Jews under Romanprotection. For such a study the reader is referred to theworks of Radin and Schiirer, and, above all, to the twoencyclopaedic volumes of Juster, which contain an exhaustivebibliography of the ancient and modern sourcesof Jewish history throughout the Roman period. For thedocuments of the pre-Roman period Willrich may also beconsulted.The source material for all such studyismainly Jewish,for the works of Livy and Polybius both present lacunaecovering the sections in which they might be expected to givean impartial Gentile survey of the situation of the Jews.We are left therefore primarily to the Maccabees, to Josephusand to Philo.As, however, our purposeisnot so much to study thegeneral situation of the Jews in the ancient world, as toconsider the relations between them and their neighbourswhich existed before the coming of Christianity, it is moreimportant for us to know the casual references to them inGentile writers, than to follow their actual history. Thesereferences have been collected at various times, but themost completeis that of Reinach, to which reference will bemade throughout the chapter. In addition to them we havealso to consider the evidence coming from Egyptian papyri,to supplement the work of Philo for our knowledge of thesituation of the Jews in Alexandria in the firstcentury A.D.The main problem set by these references is that of*classical antisemitism '. The interest in them developedlargely in Germany in the desire to prove that antisemitism