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20prising that we don’t see larger changes in thecategories.Regional levels of freedom vary widely. Theaverage rankings on the Human Freedom Indexby region were highest for Northern Europefollowed by North America (Canada andthe United States) and Western Europe, andwere lowest for the Middle East and NorthAfrica, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia indescending order (see Figure 3). (For a listingof countries by region, see Appendix K.) Theregions that had greater overall levels of freedomexhibited higher ratings in personal freedomrelative to economic freedom than theless free (see Figure 4).The personal freedom index reports fivevariables that relate to women’s freedoms:female genital mutilation, missing women,equal inheritance rights, women’s freedom ofmovement, and parental rights. Although theysurely fall short of capturing a complete measureof women’s freedoms, the variables covera large range of important information and arelikely correlated with other women-specificindicators of liberty not represented in crosscountrydata. Here we have averaged the fivecomponents to get average ratings by region ofwomen’s personal freedom. Following that calculation,Figure 5 shows high levels of women’sfreedom in most regions of the world, with decliningfreedom in the Caucasus, South Eastand South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and theMiddle East and North Africa in that order.Does human freedom matter for development?There appears to be a strong relationshipbetween the level of freedom and income.Figure 6 shows that countries in the most freequartile enjoy significantly greater income perperson ($30,006) than those in the other quartiles.Belonging to the top 38 or so freest countriesin the world greatly improves the averageperson’s income. This data, of course, does notestablish a means of causation or even the directionof causation, and it is only a snapshotin time. But it suggests exploring the links betweenfreedom and development further andFigure 3Average Freedom Index Ranking by Region, 20120 20 40 60 80 100 120Northern EuropeNorth AmericaWestern EuropeCentral Europe & BalticsSouthern EuropeAustralia & OceaniaEast AsiaSouth Eastern EuropeCentral America, Mexico & the CaribbeanSouth AmericaCaucasusEastern EuropeSouth East AsiaCentral AsiaMiddle East & North AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaSouth Asia
21Figure 4Average Freedom Index Score Ranked by Region, 2012Northern EuropeNorth AmericaWestern EuropeCentral Europe & BalticsSouthern EuropeAustralia & OceaniaEast AsiaSouth Eastern EuropeCentral America, Mexico & the CaribbeanCaucasusSouth AmericaEastern EuropeSouth East AsiaCentral AsiaSouth AsiaSub-Saharan AfricaMiddle East & North AfricaFreedom Index Personal Freedom Economic Freedom0 2 4 6 8 10Figure 5Average Women’s Personal Freedom Index Score by Region, 20120 2 4 6 8 10Central Europe & BalticsSouthern EuropeNorthern EuropeWestern EuropeNorth AmericaEastern EuropeSouth AmericaSouth Eastern EuropeEast AsiaCentral AsiaCentral America, Mexico & the CaribbeanAustralia & OceaniaCaucasusSouth East AsiaSouth AsiaSub-Saharan AfricaMiddle East & North Africa
Page 3 and 4: P R E L I M I N A R Y R E P O R T
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgments...
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION:WHY WE NEED FREEDOM AN
Page 11 and 12: THE HUMAN FREEDOM INDEX:A GLOBAL ME
Page 13 and 14: Isaiah Berlin best elucidated this
Page 15 and 16: 2008, 153 countries for the year 20
Page 17 and 18: Table 1 Continuediv. Freedom of Acc
Page 19 and 20: ty [1Biii]. It is made up of three
Page 21 and 22: 15Table 2 ContinuedRank Country Per
Page 23 and 24: 17Table 2 ContinuedRank Country Per
Page 25: expected. The top jurisdictions in
Page 29 and 30: Figure 7Human Freedom vs. Democracy
Page 31 and 32: 25H. Reliability of policeI. Busine
Page 33 and 34: 27APPENDIX C: DESCRIPTION AND METHO
Page 35 and 36: 29Source: The general rule for coun
Page 37 and 38: 31converted the OECD scores into a
Page 39 and 40: 33tonomy (scale from 1 to 4 for 200
Page 41 and 42: 35iii. Political pressures and cont
Page 43 and 44: 37APPENDIX D: HUMAN FREEDOM INDEX 2
Page 45 and 46: 39APPENDIX D Continued2008 Human Fr
Page 55 and 56: 49APPENDIX E: HUMAN FREEDOM INDEX 2
Page 57 and 58: 51APPENDIX E Continued2010 Human Fr
Page 69 and 70: 63APPENDIX F Continued2011 Human Fr
Page 77 and 78:
71APPENDIX F Continued2011 Human Fr
Page 79 and 80:
73APPENDIX F Continued2011 Human Fr
Page 81 and 82:
75APPENDIX G: HUMAN FREEDOM INDEX 2
Page 83 and 84:
77APPENDIX G Continued2012 Human Fr
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
89APPENDIX H ContinuedRank Country
Page 97 and 98:
91APPENDIX H ContinuedRank Country
Page 99 and 100:
93APPENDIX I ContinuedRank Country
Page 101 and 102:
95APPENDIX I ContinuedRank Country
Page 103 and 104:
97APPENDIX J ContinuedCountry 2008
Page 105 and 106:
99APPENDIX J ContinuedCountry 2008
Page 107 and 108:
101APPENDIX K ContinuedMiddle East
Page 109 and 110:
103APPENDIX L ContinuedRankCountryP
Page 111 and 112:
105APPENDIX L ContinuedRankCountryP
Page 113 and 114:
107Carlos Botero and Alejandro Ponc
Page 116:
www.cato.orgwww.fraserinstitute.org
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