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36where 1 means no freedom and 4 means total freedom). We converted the IPD scores into a0–10 scale.v. State control over Internet accessby French Development Agency and University of MaastrichtDescription: Freedom of access, navigation and publication on the InternetSource: Country-based survey of experts. Covers 123 countries in 2009 and 143 countries in 2012.Score: A continuous score from 0 to 4 where 0 means no freedom of internet access and 4means complete freedom of internet access (scale from 1 to 4 for 2009 where 1 means extremelytight restrictions and 4 means totally free access). We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10scale.E. RELATIONSHIPSi. Parental rightsby OECDDescription: Measurement is based on legal and customary practices regarding (1) legalguardianship of a child during a marriage and (2) custody rights over a child after divorce.Source: Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) country notes cover 122 countries. Forthe remaining 31 countries we used other credible sources per country (typically two) that differedfrom country to country.Score: Both indicators are scored (0, 0.5, or 1) as follows: 0 indicates equal rights for womenand men, 0.5 indicates that (some) women have (some) rights, but less than men, and 1 indicatesthat women have no rights in these contexts. We converted the OECD scores into a 0–10 scale.ii. Same-sex Relationshipsiia. Male-to-male relationshipby International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA)Description: The extent to which male-to-male sexual relationships are legal.Source: Surveys of participating LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex) organizations.Score: “Legal,” “Legal in only some areas,” and “Not legal.” We converted the ILGA scoresinto a 0–10 scale.iib. Female-to-female relationshipby International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA)Description: The extent to which female-to-female sexual relationships are legal.Source: Surveys of participating LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex) organizations.Score: “Legal,” “Legal in only some areas,” and “Not legal.” We converted the ILGA scoresinto a 0–10 scale.