P R E L I M I N A R Y R E P O R T

33tonomy (scale from 1 to 4 for 2009 where 1 means no operating autonomy and 4 means totalautonomy). We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10 scale.iiib. Professional organizationsby French Development Agency and University of MaastrichtDescription: Autonomy of professional organizationsSource: Country-based survey of experts. Covers 123 countries in 2009 and 143 countries in 2012.Score: A continuous score from 0 to 4 where 0 means no autonomy and 4 means total autonomy(scale from 1 to 4 for 2009 where 1 means no operating autonomy and 4 means totalautonomy). We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10 scale.iiic. Educational, sporting and cultural organizationsby French Development Agency and University of MaastrichtDescription: Autonomy of educational, sporting and cultural organizationsSource: Country-based survey of experts. Covers 123 countries in 2009 and 143 countries in 2012.Score: A continuous score from 0 to 4 where 0 means no autonomy and 4 means total autonomy(scale from 1 to 4 for 2009 where 1 means no operating autonomy and 4 means totalautonomy). We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10 scale.iv. Freedom to establish organizationsiva. Political partiesby French Development Agency and University of MaastrichtDescription: Freedom to establish political partiesSource: Country-based survey of experts. Covers 123 countries in 2009 and 143 countries in 2012.Score: A continuous score from 0 to 4 where 0 means no establishment possible and 4 meanstotal freedom to establish. We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10 scale.ivb. Professional organizationsby French Development Agency and University of MaastrichtDescription: Freedom to establish professional organizationsSource: Country-based survey of experts. Covers 123 countries in 2009 and 143 countries in 2012.Score: A continuous score from 0 to 4 where 0 means no establishment possible and 4 meanstotal freedom to establish. We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10 scale.ivc. Educational, sporting and cultural organizationsby French Development Agency and University of MaastrichtDescription: Freedom to establish educational, sporting and cultural organizationsSource: Country-based survey of experts. Covers 123 countries in 2009 and 143 countries in 2012.Score: A continuous score from 0 to 4 where 0 means no establishment possible and 4 meanstotal freedom to establish. We converted the IPD scores into a 0–10 scale.D. EXPRESSIONi. Press killingsby The Committee to Protect JournalistsDescription: Documenting attacks on the press.