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low glycemic response to combat obesity anddiabetes. The World Health Organizationestimates globally there were 1.6 billion adultsoverweight in 2005 and at least 400 millionwere obese. The WHO further projects that by2015, 2.3 billion adults will be overweight andmore than 700 million will be obese globally.Starch is generally classified as rapidlydigestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS) andresistant starch (RS). Development of SDS hasdrawn attention due to its benefits incontrolled and sustained release of glucoseinto the blood stream. This is important forpeople with Type II diabetes who suffer frominconsistent insulin response afterconsumption of readily digestible starch.RS escapes digestion in the small intestine, isinsoluble, is fermented in the large intestineand is a prebiotic fiber, providing some of thehealth benefits of both soluble and insolublefiber. As a prebiotic fiber, RS selectivelyincreases beneficial bacteria for maintaining orimproving digestive health. RS can be used infood and beverages for diabetics to effectivelyreduce serum blood glucose and insulin levels.Recent studies also suggest that RS mayincrease fat oxidation after a meal, animportant tool in weight management.Opportunities for developing economicsources and main stream applications of RSand SDS remain attractive. The challenge forcorn refiners, grain/flour and tuber processors,is to incorporate RS and SDS properties intograin and flour as mainstream large volumecommodities to offer solutions world wide.Obesity and diabetes in the United States andabroad cannot be solved by offering niche highprice ingredients. Advancement in theknowledge of genetic control of starchsynthesizing enzymes and their biosyntheticpathways can improve mainstreamcommodities such a grains, flour, syrups andstarches and can create tremendousopportunities for refined corn products.BiotechnologyBiotechnology holds great promise to enhanceour lives and the planet. With a worldpopulation expected to reach nearly ninebillion by 2050, biotechnology offers newpotential for sustainable living, healthy eatingand battling diseases while reducing ourfootprint on the planet. Genetic engineeringand plant breeding techniques permit theredesign of crops for easier processing andcreation of new types of raw materials. Sourceplants can be modified or selected forcharacteristics that enhance their conversion touseful industrial products. Through geneticengineering, plant cellular processes andcomponents can be altered in ways thatincrease the value or uses of the modifiedcrop. This capability has no parallel inpetroleum-based feedstock systems and is amajor advantage of biobased industrialproducts.There are developments under way viagenomic routes to create starch with propertiessimilar to chemically modified starcheseliminating the need for chemicalmodifications. One example is starch withhigh monophosphate that can enhanceviscosity, film forming and other novelfunctions for food, paper and adhesiveapplications. Similar developments canproduce encapsulation and emulsificationproperties for starches to be used in controlleddelivery of drugs, skin care and many similarapplications.Future OutlookBiorefineries to convert corn into a myriad ofvalue added products have to follow apetrochemical business and operating model toeconomically produce several productsefficiently. There are parallels between thepetroleum refineries and corn wet milling.Petroleum refineries invariably produce moreand more products from the same feedstockover time, thereby diversifying outputs;refineries are flexible and can shift outputs inresponse to market needs, processes inrefineries improve incrementally over time;and process improvement invariably makes thecost of raw material the dominant factor inoverall system economics.Corn wet mill operations have a single feedstock, corn. Product selection is based onmarket demand, availability of feed stock,processing equipment and process engineering12 | 2007 Corn Annual
2007 Corn Annual | 13AK, CT, HI, ME, MA, NV, NH, RI, VT not estimatedSource: USDA - National Agricultural Statistics ServiceStateALAZARCACODEFLGAIDILINIAKSKYLAMDMIMNMSMOMTNENJNMNYNCNDOHOKORPASCSDTNTXUTVAWAWVWIWYUSAREAHARVESTEDThousand AcresYIELDBushel Per AcrePRODUCTIONThousand Bushels200616518180110860161302256511,1505,38012,3503,0001,0402904251,9606,8503252,630187,75064454807401,4002,960220299602903,2205001,4501734575262,8004570,648200520022230110950154282306011,9505,77012,5003,4501,1803304002,0206,8503652,970178,25062554607001,2003,250250259602853,9505951,8501236080282,9004975,1072006721701461651561458211217016315716611514614014214716111013814615212918512913211115910518012211097125121157120210120143129149.1200412318014017513515290130170180168181150152135153134159136162143166143180122117105158150170140100130140139155145200131136131160.4200511919513117214814394129170143154173135132136135143174129111148154122175124120129143115160122116119130114163118205109148140147.9200611,8803,06026,28018,150134,16023,3452,46025,20011,0501,817,450844,6602,050,100345,000151,84040,60060,350288,1201,102,85035,750362,9402,6281,178,0008,2568,32561,92097,680155,400470,64023,1005,220117,12031,900312,34062,500175,4502,66941,40015,7503,120400,4005,80510,534,868200423,9854,86042,70026,250140,40023,2562,88036,40012,7502,088,000929,0402,244,400432,000173,28055,35065,025257,2801,120,95059,840466,5602,1451,319,70010,29610,44061,00086,580120,750491,38030,0004,760137,20029,500539,50086,100233,5201,86052,20021,0003,799353,6006,55011,807,086200523,8004,29030,13018,920140,60022,0222,63229,67010,2001,708,850888,5802,162,500465,750155,76044,88054,000288,8601,191,90047,085329,6702,5161,270,5007,5649,62557,04084,000154,800464,75028,7504,000117,12033,060470,05077,350210,9001,95642,48016,4003,052429,2006,86011,112,0722004195273051501,040153322807511,6005,53012,4002,8801,1404104251,9207,0504402,880157,95072585007401,1503,110200289802954,1506151,68012360105292,6005073,631Corn for Grain: Yield and Production
Page 1 and 2: CornPart of of a a Global EconomyCo
Page 3 and 4: ContentsThe Year in Review ........
Page 5 and 6: CRA had discussions with relevantpr
Page 7 and 8: As we look back on 2007, we willrem
Page 9 and 10: Refined Corn Products:Growing Marke
Page 11 and 12: 2001, China’s corn refiners had a
Page 13: Factors That Will ImpactGrowth of t
Page 17 and 18: Corn Refiners Association Member Co
Page 19 and 20: Honorary DirectorsMartin AndreasArc

Corn

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