AP Biology Evolution Test (Chapters 21-26)

7. What is the most important missing evidence or observation in Darwin's theory of 1859?a. the source of genetic variationb. evidence of the overproduction of offspringc. evidence that some organisms became extinctd. observation that variation is common in populationse. observation that competition exists in populations8. The type of reproductive isolation shown when mating fruit flies recognize the appearance, odor,tapping motions, and sounds of members of their own species, but not of other speciesa. gametic b. temporal c. behavioral d. habitat e. mechanical9. Some species of mosquito live in brackish water, some in running fresh water, and others in stagnantwater. What type of reproductive barrier is most obviously separating these different species?a. habitat isolation c. behavioral isolation e. postzygotic isolationb. temporal isolation d. gametic isolation10. Which of the following is not a requirement for maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?a. an increasing mutation rate d. no migrationb. random mating e. no natural selectionc. large population size11. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency ofallele a is 0.7. What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?a. 3 b. 9 c. 21 d. 30 e. 4212. In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.50. What would be the frequency ofheterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?a. 1.00 b. 0.75 c. 0.50 d. 0.25 e. 0.1013. In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of A is 0.2. Organisms that are homozygousfor A die before reaching sexual maturity. In five generations, what would be the frequency ofindividuals with aa genotypes?a. 0.02 b. 0.04 c. 0.32 d. 0.64 e. greater than0.6414. Which of the following pairs are homologous?a. bat wing and human hand d. bat forelimb and bird wingb. owl wing and hornet wing e. Australian mole & Canadian molec. porcupine quill and cactus spine15. Phylogenetic hypotheses (such as those represented by phylogenetic trees) are strongest whena. they are based on amino acid sequences from homologous proteins, as long as thegenes that code for such proteins contain no introns.b. each clade is defined by a single derived character.c. they are supported by more than one kind of evidence (such as when fossil evidencecorroborates molecular evidence).d. they are accepted by the foremost authorities in the field.e. they are based on a single putatively homologous DNA sequence.2