AP Biology Evolution Test (Chapters 21-26)

AP Biology Evolution Test (Chapters 21-26)Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.1. Evolution is biology's core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolutiona. explains the unity and diversity of life.b. explains how organisms become adapted to their environment through thedifferential reproductive success of varying individuals.c. explains why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble each other.d. explains why some organisms have traits in common.e. all of the above2. "Improving the intelligence of an adult through education will result in that adult's descendants beingborn with a greater native intelligence." This statement could have been made bya. Darwin. b. Lamarck. c. Lyell. d. Wallace. e. Cuvier.3. Charles Darwin was the first to proposea. that evolution occurs.b. a mechanism for how evolution occurs.c. that the Earth is older than 6,000 years.d. a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.e. a way to use artificial selection as a means of domesticating plants and animals.4. Both Darwin's and Lamarck's ideas regarding evolution suggest which of the following?a. All species were fixed at the time of creation.b. Acquired physical characteristics can be inherited.c. The giraffe's long neck is the result of artificial selection.d. The main mechanism of evolution is natural selection.e. The interaction of organisms with their environment is important in the evolutionaryprocess.5. Natural selection is based on all of the following excepta. variation exists within populations.b. the fittest individuals tend to leave the most offspring.c. there is differential reproductive success within populations.d. populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.e. individuals must adapt to their environment.6. Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the followingevents, under the influence of natural selection?1. Differential reproduction occurs.2. A new selective pressure arises.3. Allele frequencies within the population change.4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship.a. 2, 4, 1, 3 b. 4, 2, 1, 3 c. 4, 1, 2, 3 d. 4, 2, 3, 1 e. 2, 4, 3, 11

7. What is the most important missing evidence or observation in Darwin's theory of 1859?a. the source of genetic variationb. evidence of the overproduction of offspringc. evidence that some organisms became extinctd. observation that variation is common in populationse. observation that competition exists in populations8. The type of reproductive isolation shown when mating fruit flies recognize the appearance, odor,tapping motions, and sounds of members of their own species, but not of other speciesa. gametic b. temporal c. behavioral d. habitat e. mechanical9. Some species of mosquito live in brackish water, some in running fresh water, and others in stagnantwater. What type of reproductive barrier is most obviously separating these different species?a. habitat isolation c. behavioral isolation e. postzygotic isolationb. temporal isolation d. gametic isolation10. Which of the following is not a requirement for maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?a. an increasing mutation rate d. no migrationb. random mating e. no natural selectionc. large population size11. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency ofallele a is 0.7. What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?a. 3 b. 9 c. 21 d. 30 e. 4212. In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.50. What would be the frequency ofheterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?a. 1.00 b. 0.75 c. 0.50 d. 0.25 e. 0.1013. In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of A is 0.2. Organisms that are homozygousfor A die before reaching sexual maturity. In five generations, what would be the frequency ofindividuals with aa genotypes?a. 0.02 b. 0.04 c. 0.32 d. 0.64 e. greater than0.6414. Which of the following pairs are homologous?a. bat wing and human hand d. bat forelimb and bird wingb. owl wing and hornet wing e. Australian mole & Canadian molec. porcupine quill and cactus spine15. Phylogenetic hypotheses (such as those represented by phylogenetic trees) are strongest whena. they are based on amino acid sequences from homologous proteins, as long as thegenes that code for such proteins contain no introns.b. each clade is defined by a single derived character.c. they are supported by more than one kind of evidence (such as when fossil evidencecorroborates molecular evidence).d. they are accepted by the foremost authorities in the field.e. they are based on a single putatively homologous DNA sequence.2

A researcher compared the nucleotide sequences of a homologous gene from five different species ofmammals with the homologous human gene. The sequence homology between each species' versionof the gene and the human gene is presented as a percentage of similarity.SpeciesPercentageChimpanzee 99.7Orangutan 98.6Baboon 97.2Rhesus Monkey 96.9Rabbit 93.716. What conclusion can be drawn validly from these data?a. Humans and other primates evolved from rabbits within the past 10 million years.b. Humans evolved from chimpanzees in Africa within the last 6 million years.c. In this group, humans shared a common ancestor most recently with chimpanzees.d. B and C are correct.e. A, B and C are correct.17. Which statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of wolvesand domestic dogs has a very high degree of homology?a. Dogs and wolves have very similar morphologies.b. Dogs and wolves belong to the same order.c. Dogs and wolves are both members of the family Canidae.d. Dogs and wolves shared a common ancestor very recently.e. Convergent evolution has occurred.Use the figure below to answer the following questions.18. A common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position numbera. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4. e. 5.3

19. The two extant species that are most closely related to each other area. A and B. b. B and C. c. C and D. d. D and E. e. E and A.20. Which species are extinct?a. A and E d. D and Eb. A and B e. cannot be determined from the diagramc. C and DRefer to the hypothetical patterns of taxonomic hierarchy shown in the figure below.21. Which of the following numbers represents a polyphyletic taxon?a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 522. Which of the following is not true of vertically oriented phylogenetic trees?a. Each branch point represents a point in absolute time.b. Species shown at the base of such trees are ancestral to those shown at higher levels.c. The more branch points that occur between two taxa, the more divergent their DNAsequences should be.d. The common ancestor represented by the highest branch point existed more recentlyin time than the common ancestors represented at lower branch points.e. The more branch points there are, the more instances of cladogenesis are shown.23. Which gas was probably least abundant in Earth's early atmosphere?a. O2 b. CO c. CH4 d. H2O e. NH324. Which of the following is the correct sequence of these events in the origin of life?I. Formation of protobiontsII. Synthesis of organic monomersIII. Synthesis of organic polymersa. I, II, IIIb. I, III, IIc. II, III, Id. III, I, IIe. III, II, I25. RNA molecules can be both self-replicating and catalytic. This probably means thata. RNA was the first hereditary information.b. protobionts had an RNA membrane.c. RNA could make energy.d. nucleotides would not have been needed in the synthesis of new RNA molecules.e. RNA is a polymer of amino acids.4

26. What probably accounts for the switch to DNA-based genetics in the evolution of life on Earth?a. DNA is chemically more stable and replicates with fewer mutations than RNA.b. Only DNA can replicate during cell division.c. RNA is too involved with translation and cannot provide multiple functions.d. DNA forms the rod-shaped chromosomes necessary for cell division.e. Replication of RNA occurs too quickly.27. Which of the following provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes?a. the primitive structure of plantsb. meteorites that have struck Earthc. abiotic laboratory experiments that produced liposomesd. Liposomes resemble prokaryotic cells.e. The oldest fossilized cells resemble prokaryotes.28. What is the correct sequence of events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth?1. origin of mitochondria2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes3. origin of chloroplasts4. origin of cyanobacteria5. origin of fungal-plant symbiosesa. 4, 3, 2, 1, 5b. 4, 1, 2, 3, 5c. 4, 1, 3, 2, 5d. 4, 3, 1, 5, 2e. 3, 4, 1, 2, 5Use the options below to answer the following questions. For each description of reproductiveisolation, select the option that best describes it.A. gameticB. temporalC. behavioralD. habitatE. mechanical29. two species of trout that breed in different seasonsa. A b. B c. C d. D e. E30. the scarlet oak is adapted to moist bottomland, whereas the black oak is adapted to dry upland soilsa. A b. B c. C d. D e. E5