decisions taken during the design and implementation phases, such as e.g. theuse <strong>of</strong> the ERESYE tool during an early stage and its later replacement.Clearly, the similarities between the capabilities <strong>of</strong> agents and the Erlangprocesses are many, with the exception <strong>of</strong> the support for programming rationalreasoning in Jason. We believe that the existence <strong>of</strong> eJason can help attract Erlangprogrammers to the MAS community, by providing them a convenient andlargely familiar platform in which to program rational agents, while being ableto implement the rest (adapting interpreter meta behaviour, and actuators forthe environment) in Erlang itself. Moreover we believe that the MAS communitycan benefit from having access to the efficient concurrency and distribution capabilities<strong>of</strong> Erlang, while maintaining backward compatibility with legacy code,and without the need to develop a new agent-based language.Clearly, as eJason is still a prototype, there are numerous areas for futurework and improvement. The subset <strong>of</strong> Jason implemented at the moment is quitesmall; it is, for example, necessary to add support for belief annotations and planlabeling. Moreover, we plan to add support in eJason for different distributedagent architectures. An essential item for near future work is the implementation<strong>of</strong> a means for agents to act on their environment. We intend to make eJasonagents capable to cause changes in their environment using actions programmedeither in Java or Erlang, i.e., there should be no need to rewrite the large body<strong>of</strong> existing Java code for Jason environment handling. Besides, we expect to beable to use the agent inspection mechanisms already implemented in e.g. JEdit.Another item for future work includes prototyping extensions to Jason; webelieve that eJason is a good platform on which to perform such experiments. Finallywe also intend to experiment with model checking, applied on the resultingErlang code, to verify Jason multiagent systems.References1. Foundation for Intelligent Physical <strong>Agents</strong>, Agent Communication Language.http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00061/SC00061G.html.2. Simple Agent Communication Infrastructure. See: http://www.lti.pcs.usp.br/saci/.3. Joe Armstrong. Programming Erlang: S<strong>of</strong>tware for a concurrent world). ThePragmatic Bookshelf, 2007.4. Joe Armstrong, Robert Virding, and Mike Williams. Use <strong>of</strong> Prolog for developinga new programming language. In Proc. <strong>of</strong> the international conference on PracticalApplication <strong>of</strong> Prolog, 1992.5. Fabio Bellifemine, Federico Bergenti, Giovanni Caire, and Agostino Poggi. JADE- a Java agent development framework. In Rafael H. Bordini, Mehdi Dastani,Jürgen Dix, and Amal El Fallah-Seghrouchni, editors, Multi-Agent Programming,volume 15 <strong>of</strong> Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Organizations,pages 125–147. Springer, 2005.6. Fabio L. Bellifemine, Giovanni Caire, and Dominic Greenwood. Developing Multi-Agent Systems with JADE (Wiley Series in Agent Technology). Wiley, April 2007.7. R. Bordini and J. Hübner. Bdi agent programming in agentspeak using jason.Computational logic in multi-agent systems, pages 143–164, 2006.21
8. Rafael H. Bordini, Michael Fisher, Willem Visser, and Michael Wooldridge. Verifyingmulti-agent programs by model checking. Journal <strong>of</strong> Autonomous <strong>Agents</strong>and Multi-Agent Systems, 12:2006, 2006.9. Rafael H. Bordini, Michael Wooldridge, and Jomi Fred Hübner. ProgrammingMulti-Agent Systems in AgentSpeak using Jason (Wiley Series in Agent Technology).John Wiley & Sons, 2007.10. F. Cesarini and S. Thompson. Erlang Programming. O’Reilly Media, 2009.11. J.F. Hübner. Um modelo de reorganização de sistemas multiagentes [In Portuguese].PhD thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Brazil, 2003.12. P. D. O’Brien and R. C. Nicol. FIPA - Towards a Standard for S<strong>of</strong>tware <strong>Agents</strong>.BT Technology Journal, 16:51–59, July 1998.13. Anand S. Rao. AgentSpeak(L): BDI agents speak out in a logical computablelanguage. In Walter Van de Velde and John W. Perram, editors, <strong>Agents</strong> BreakingAway, volume 1038 <strong>of</strong> LNCS, pages 42–55. Springer, 1996. 7th European Workshopon Modelling Autonomous <strong>Agents</strong> in a Multi-Agent World (MAAMAW’96),Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 22-25 January 1996, Proceedings.14. Anand S. Rao and Michael P. Georgeff. BDI agents: From theory to practice. In InProceedings <strong>of</strong> the first Interntional Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS-95, pages 312–319, 1995.15. Antonella Di Stefano, Francesca Gangemi, and Corrado Santoro. ERESYE: artificialintelligence in erlang programs. In Konstantinos F. Sagonas and Joe Armstrong,editors, Erlang Workshop, pages 62–71. ACM, 2005.16. M. Wooldridge and N.R. Jennings. Intelligent agents: Theory and practice. Knowledgeengineering review, 10(2):115–152, 1995.17. Michael Wooldridge. Reasoning about rational agents. MIT Press, 2000.22
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Although some success [13] [14] hav
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component plans have been instantia
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A in the example) can evaluate all
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1. robot-1 issues a Localization(ro
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis work has been su
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The code was analysed both objectiv
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a conversation is following. Additi
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the context of a communication-heav
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Table 1. Core Agent ProtocolsAgent
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statistically significant using an
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to the conversation and has a perfo
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principal reasons. Firstly, it is a
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2. Muldoon, C., O’Hare, G.M.P., C
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In the following section we will at
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DevelopmentProductionHuman Readabil
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will then evaluate this new format
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encoder, it is first checked if the
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nents themselves. However, since th
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Java serialization and Jadex Binary
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10. P. Hoffman and F. Yergeau, “U
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Caching the results of previous que
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querying an agent’s beliefs and g
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Size N K n p c qry U c upd Update c
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6 ConclusionWe presented an abstrac
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Typing Multi-Agent Programs in simp
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1 // agent ag02 iterations (" zero
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3.1 simpAL OverviewThe main inspira
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Defining Agent Scripts in simpAL (F
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Given an organization model, it is
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Learning to Improve Agent Behaviour
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mance. Figure 2d shows the same A f
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Author IndexAbdel-Naby, S., 69Alelc