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implementations being available for each type. One exception is Apache CXF 10 ,that incorporates APIs for RESTful as well as WSDL services. Yet, CXF doesnot aim at unication for the programmer, but at implementing the dierentavailable standards. The SCA standards only deal with WSDL web services anddene a ws binding for provided and required SCA component services. Someavailable SCA implementation like Tuscany 11 and Frascati 12 additionally oerproprietary support for RESTful services. Yet, both require JAX-RS annotationsin the service implementations that hinder a transparent usage of the samecomponent functionality as WSDL and REST service.In summary, the approach presented in this paper picks up earlier work onweb services support for agent platforms, incorporates and extends existing ideasfrom SCA and combines a unied treatment of REST and WSDL with a conceptualmodel for an agent-style asynchronous provision and invocation of services.6 Conclusions and OutlookWeb services are important for interoperability and extensibility as they allowintegrating external functionality into applications as well as developed functionalitybeing integrated in external applications. This paper focuses on webservices support for agent platforms.The proposed model provides a conceptual integration for both the publicationof application functionality as web service as well as the invocation ofexternal web services. To avoid dependencies between the implementation ofapplication functionality and specic web services technology such as WSDL orREST, the model incorporates two important abstraction layers. First, the wrapperand invocation agents map a synchronous external web service interface toan asynchronous one and register the mapped service description transparentlyinside the middleware, such that external and internal services can be access inthe same way. Second, publish services take care of exposing internal servicesas external web services and dierent publish services for REST and WSDLtechnology allow the same internal services to be transparently published usingthese dierent approaches.The integration concept has been implemented as part of the open sourceactive components platform Jadex 13 . Besides the simple examples presented inthis paper, the web services integration is currently being put into practice in acommercial setting that deals with business intelligence processes and activitiesin heterogeneous company networks.10 http://cxf.apache.org/11 http://tuscany.apache.org/12 http://wiki.ow2.org/frascati/Wiki.jsp?page=FraSCAti13 http://jadex.sourceforge.net/37
References1. L. Baduel, F. Baude, D. Caromel, A. Contes, F. Huet, M. Morel, and R. Quilici.Grid Computing: Software Environments and Tools, chapter Programming, Deploying,Composing, for the Grid. Springer-Verlag, January 2006.2. T. Betz, L. Cabac, and M. Wester-Ebbinghaus. Gateway architecture for Webbasedagent services. In Multiagent System Technologies, Lecture Notes in ComputerScience, pages 165172. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011.3. L. Braubach and A. Pokahr. Addressing challenges of distributed systems usingactive components. In F. Brazier, K. Nieuwenhuis, G. Pavlin, M. Warnier, andC Badica, editors, Intelligent Distributed Computing V - Proceedings of the 5thInternational Symposium on Intelligent Distributed Computing (IDC 2011), pages141151. Springer, 2011.4. R. T. Fielding. Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures.PhD thesis, 2000. AAI9980887.5. D. Greenwood, P. Buhler, and A. Reitbauer. Web service discovery and compositionusing the web service integration gateway. In Proceedings of the IEEE InternationalConference on e-Technology, e-Commerce, and e-Services (EEE 2005),pages 789790. IEEE Computer Society, 2005.6. R. Karmani, A. Shali, and G. Agha. Actor frameworks for the jvm platform:a comparative analysis. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference onPrinciples and Practice of Programming in Java, PPPJ '09, pages 1120, NewYork, NY, USA, 2009. ACM.7. J. Marino and M. Rowley. Understanding SCA (Service Component Architecture).Addison-Wesley Professional, 1st edition, 2009.8. X. Nguyen and R. Kowalczyk. Ws2jade: integrating web service with jade agents.In Proceedings of the 2007 AAMAS international workshop and SOCASE 2007conference on Service-oriented computing: agents, semantics, and engineering, AA-MAS'07/SOCASE'07, pages 147159, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007. Springer-Verlag.9. B. Overeinder, P. Verkaik, and F. Brazier. Web service access management forintegration with agent systems. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Symposium onApplied Computing (SAC), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, March 16-20, 2008, pages18541860, 2008.10. A. Pokahr and L. Braubach. Active Components: A Software Paradigm for DistributedSystems. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferenceon Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT 2011). IEEE Computer Society, 2011.11. A. Pokahr, L. Braubach, and K. Jander. Unifying agent and component concepts- jadex active components. In C. Witteveen and J. Dix, editors, Proceedings ofthe 8th German conference on Multi-Agent System TEchnologieS (MATES-2010).Springer, 2010.12. H. Sutter and J. Larus. Software and the concurrency revolution. ACM Queue,3(7):5462, 2005.13. C. Szyperski, D. Gruntz, and S. Murer. Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming. ACM Press and Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition edition, 2002.14. L. Varga and Á. Hajnal. Engineering web service invocations from agent systems.In Proceedings of the 3rd Central and Eastern European conference on Multi-agentsystems, CEEMAS'03, pages 626635, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2003. Springer-Verlag.15. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Web Services Description Language(WSDL), 2007.38
Page 2 and 3: Proceedings of the Tenth Internatio
Page 4 and 5: OrganisationOrganising CommitteeMeh
Page 6: Table of ContentseJason: an impleme
Page 10 and 11: in Sect. 3 the translation of the J
Page 12 and 13: init_count(0).max_count(2000).(a)(b
Page 14 and 15: For instance, a failure in the ERES
Page 16 and 17: {plan, fun start_count_trigger/1,fu
Page 18 and 19: single parameter, an Erlang record
Page 20 and 21: 1. Belief annotations. Even though
Page 22 and 23: decisions taken during the design a
Page 24 and 25: Conceptual Integration of Agents wi
Page 26 and 27: Fig. 2. Active component structurep
Page 28 and 29: the service provider component. As
Page 30 and 31: Fig. 4. Web Service Invocationretri
Page 32 and 33: 01: public interface IBankingServic
Page 34 and 35: tate them in the same way as in the
Page 36 and 37: 01: public interface IChartService
Page 41: deliberative behavior in BDI archit
Page 44 and 45: layer modules (i.e. nodes) can be d
Page 46 and 47: different methods to choose the cur
Page 48 and 49: also a single scheduler module, imp
Page 50 and 51: andom choice (OR), conditional choi
Page 52 and 53: - Dealing with conflicts based on p
Page 54 and 55: 5. Brooks, R. A. (1991) Intelligenc
Page 56 and 57: An Agent-Based Cognitive Robot Arch
Page 58 and 59: It has been argued that building ro
Page 60 and 61: EnvironmentHardwareLocal SoftwareC+
Page 62 and 63: a cognitive layer can connect as a
Page 64 and 65: can reliably be differentiated and
Page 66 and 67: 4 ExperimentTo evaluate the feasibi
Page 68 and 69: learn or gain knowledge from experi
Page 70 and 71: A Programming Framework for Multi-A
Page 72 and 73: exchange and storage of tuples (key
Page 74 and 75: Although some success [13] [14] hav
Page 76 and 77: as well as important non-functional
Page 78 and 79: component plans have been instantia
Page 80 and 81: A in the example) can evaluate all
Page 83 and 84: 1. robot-1 issues a Localization(ro
Page 85 and 86: ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis work has been su
Page 87 and 88: The code was analysed both objectiv
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a conversation is following. Additi
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the context of a communication-heav
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Table 1. Core Agent ProtocolsAgent
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statistically significant using an
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to the conversation and has a perfo
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principal reasons. Firstly, it is a
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2. Muldoon, C., O’Hare, G.M.P., C
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In the following section we will at
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DevelopmentProductionHuman Readabil
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will then evaluate this new format
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encoder, it is first checked if the
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nents themselves. However, since th
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optimized for this format feature s
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Java serialization and Jadex Binary
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10. P. Hoffman and F. Yergeau, “U
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Caching the results of previous que
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querying an agent’s beliefs and g
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or relative performance of each pla
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were run for 1.5 minutes; 1.5 minut
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Size N K n p c qry U c upd Update c
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epresentation. The cache simply act
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6 ConclusionWe presented an abstrac
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Typing Multi-Agent Programs in simp
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1 // agent ag02 iterations (" zero
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3.1 simpAL OverviewThe main inspira
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3.2 Typing Agents with Tasks and Ro
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Defining Agent Scripts in simpAL (F
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that sends a message to the receive
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* error: wrong type for the param v
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Given an organization model, it is
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Learning to Improve Agent Behaviour
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2.1 Agent Programming LanguagesAgen
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choosing actions is to find a good
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1 init module {2 knowledge{3 block(
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of a module. For example, to change
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if bel(on(X,Y), clear(X)), a-goal(c
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mance. Figure 2d shows the same A f
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the current percepts of the agent.
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Author IndexAbdel-Naby, S., 69Alelc
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