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AMERICAN LITERATURE REVISED EDITION EARLY AMERICAN AND COLONIAL PERIOD TO 1776 DEMOCRATIC ORIGINS AND REVOLUTIONARY WRITERS, 1776-1820 THE ROMANTIC PERIOD, 1820-1860: ESSAYISTS AND POETS THE ROMANTIC PERIOD, 1820-1860: FICTION THE RISE OF REALISM: 1860-1914 MODERNISM AND EXPERIMENTATION: 1914-1945 AMERICAN POETRY, 1945–1990: THE ANTI-TRADITION AMERICAN PROSE, 1945–1990: REALISM AND EXPERIMENTATION CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN POETRY CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LITERATURE GLOSSARY INDEX 3 14 26 36 47 60 79 97 121 136 157 163 PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE STAFF WRITTEN BY: KATHRYN VANSPANCKEREN EXECUTIVE EDITOR: GEORGE CLACK MANAGING EDITOR: PAUL MALAMUD CONTRIBUTING EDITOR: KATHLEEN HUG ART DIRECTOR / DESIGNER: THADDEUS A. MIKSINSKI, JR. PICTURE EDITOR: JOANN STERN Front Cover: © 1994 Christopher Little ABOUT THE AUTHOR Kathryn VanSpanckeren is Professor of English at the University of Tampa, has lectured in American literature widely abroad, and is former director of the Fulbright-sponsored Summer Institute in American Literature for international scholars. Her publications include poetry and scholarship. She received her Bachelors degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and her Ph.D. from Harvard University.
The following text materials may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. “In a Station of the Metro” (page 63) by Ezra Pound. From Ezra Pound Personae. Copyright © 1926 by Ezra Pound. Translated and reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” (page 65) by Robert Frost. From The Poetry of Robert Frost, edited by Edward Connery Lathem. Copyright 1923. © 1969 by Henry Holt and Co., Inc., © 1951 by Robert Frost. Reprinted and translated by permission of Henry Holt and Co., Inc. “Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock” (page 66) by Wallace Stevens. From Selected Poems by Wallace Stevens. Copyright 1923 and renewed 1951 by Wallace Stevens. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. “The Red Wheelbarrow” (page 66) and “The Young Housewife” (page 67) by William Carlos Williams. Collected Poems. 1909-1939. Vol. I. Copyright 1938 by New Directions Publishing Corp. Reprinted by permission of New Directions. “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” (page 69) by Langston Hughes. From Selected Poems by Langston Hughes. Copyright 1926 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and renewed 1954 by Langston Hughes. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (page 80) by Randall Jarrell from Randall Jarrell: Selected Poems; © 1945 by Randall Jarrell, © 1990 by Mary Von Schrader Jarrell, published by Farrar Straus & Giroux. Permission granted by Rhoda Weyr Agency, New York. "The Wild Iris" (page 125) from The Wild Iris by Louise Glück. Copyright © 1993 by Louise Glück. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc. "Chickamauga" (page 126) from Chickamauga by Charles Wright. Copyright © 1995 by Charles Wright. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC. "To The Engraver of my Skin" (page 129) from Source by Mark Doty. Copyright © 2001 by Mark Doty. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc. "Mule Heart" (page 130) from The Lives of The Heart by Jane Hirshfield. Copyright © 1997 by Jane Hirshfield. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc. "The Black Snake" (page 131) copyright © 1979 by Mary Oliver. Used with permission of the Molly Malone Cook Literary Agency. "The Dead" (page 132) is from Questions About Angels by Billy Collins, © 1991. Reprinted by permission of the University of Pittsburgh Press. "The Want Bone" (page 133) from The Want Bone by Robert Pinsky. Copyright © 1991 by Robert Pinsky. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc. Yusef Komunyakaa, "Facing It" (page 134) from Dien Cai Dau in Pleasure Dome: New and Collected Poems, © 2001 by Yusef Komunyakaa and reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press. A number of the illustrations appearing in this volume are also copyrighted, as is indicated on the illustrations themselves. These may not be reprinted without the permission of the copyright holder. The opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. government. 2
Page 1: Outline of AMERICAN LITERATURE ❦
Page 5 and 6: special songs for children’s game
Page 7 and 8: Painting courtesy Smithsonian Insti
Page 9 and 10: he accepted his lifelong job as a m
Page 11 and 12: solo trip in 1704 from Boston to Ne
Page 13 and 14: mon, “Sinners in the Hands of an
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 2 DEMOCRATIC ORIGINS AND RE
Page 17 and 18: should look out for themselves. Bad
Page 19 and 20: of a Horse the Rider was lost, bein
Page 21 and 22: translate Homer. Dwight’s epic wa
Page 23 and 24: Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810)
Page 25 and 26: ness, and they became legends in th
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 3 THE ROMANTIC PERIOD, 1820
Page 29 and 30: physical self-discovery. For the Ro
Page 31 and 32: great detail, is a concrete metapho
Page 33 and 34: Whitman’s voice electrifies even
Page 35 and 36: anti-slavery poems such as “Ichab
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 4 THE ROMANTIC PERIOD, 1820
Page 39 and 40: cratic families: “The truth is, t
Page 41 and 42: emanates from the Book of Genesis i
Page 43 and 44: of ratiocination, or reasoning. The
Page 45 and 46: has become legendary: I have plough
Page 47 and 48: looked until recently. The same can
Page 49 and 50: the weak or vulnerable individual.
Page 51 and 52: falling tree, and every lick makes
Page 53 and 54:
Edel calls James’s first, or “i
Page 55 and 56:
who had lived a century earlier. Pr
Page 57 and 58:
the quiet poverty, loneliness, and
Page 59 and 60:
TWO WOMEN REGIONAL NOVELISTS Noveli
Page 61 and 62:
CHAPTER 6 MODERNISM AND EXPERIMENTA
Page 63 and 64:
more technological, and more mechan
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erary and social traditions for the
Page 67 and 68:
(1935), and Parts of a World (1942)
Page 69 and 70:
themes of Greek tragedy set in the
Page 71 and 72:
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) Fra
Page 73 and 74:
where he lived most of his life. Fa
Page 75 and 76:
John Steinbeck (1902-1968) Like Sin
Page 77 and 78:
ZORA NEALE HURSTON Photo © Carl Va
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(1928), a winner of the Pulitzer Pr
Page 81 and 82:
TRADITIONALISM Traditional writers
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ground melody. It was experimental
Page 85 and 86:
John Berryman (1914-1972) John Berr
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poetry writing, for women, as a dan
Page 89 and 90:
his example and influence. Beat poe
Page 91 and 92:
acial differences have shaped their
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Acoma, New Mexico. A central text i
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Americans, from Harper (a college p
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At the opposite end of the theoreti
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Robert Penn Warren (1905-1989) Robe
Page 101 and 102:
was set in Mexico during the revolu
Page 103 and 104:
ful people whose inner faults and d
Page 105 and 106:
veiled account of the life of Bello
Page 107 and 108:
(1964), Bullet Park (1969), and Fal
Page 109 and 110:
eing reported. In The Electric Kool
Page 111 and 112:
own phrase) in negotiating the chao
Page 113 and 114:
the sweep of time from the end of t
Page 115 and 116:
vivid, and often comic novel is a s
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sister discovers her inner strength
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paths of life in his early years, f
Page 121 and 122:
acism and adopted the surname of hi
Page 123 and 124:
Bishop, generally considered the fi
Page 125 and 126:
arate vantage point. As in a film
Page 127 and 128:
moments of spiritual insight rescue
Page 129 and 130:
the city in which I love you. And I
Page 131 and 132:
loads up steep hills on the Greek i
Page 133 and 134:
Billy Collins (1941- ) The most inf
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in a musicians’ “jam session.
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CHAPTER 10 CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LI
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with private lives. Influenced by T
Page 141 and 142:
ecognition for her Crimes of the He
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Kennedy as an explosion of frustrat
Page 145 and 146:
Coast. Cotton and the plantation cu
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tle, open-ended fiction; recent vol
Page 149 and 150:
nature essayist Rick Bass (1958- ),
Page 151 and 152:
AMY TAN Photo: Associated Press / G
Page 153 and 154:
Sherman Alexie (1966- ), a Spokane/
Page 155 and 156:
tells the story of an illegal immig
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156
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GLOSSARY Faust: A literary characte
Page 161 and 162:
GLOSSARY Poet Laureate: An individu
Page 163 and 164:
162
Page 165 and 166:
INDEX Babbitt (Sinclair Lewis) 60,
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INDEX Cummings, Edward Estlin (e.e.
Page 169 and 170:
INDEX Golden Apples, The (Eudora We
Page 171 and 172:
INDEX Kumin, Maxine 90, 130 Kushner
Page 173 and 174:
INDEX “Negro Speaks of Rivers, Th
Page 175 and 176:
INDEX Seascape (Edward Albee) 117 S
Page 177 and 178:
INDEX Waiting (Ha Jin) 155 Waiting
Page 179:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE / BUREAU O
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AMERICAN

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