Understanding Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Reading 1

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Permafrost Zone Pipeline MFLT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Offshore Pipeline MFLT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1: Understanding Magnetic Flux Leakage
Page 5 and 6: Offshore Pipeline MFLT Charlie Chon
Page 7 and 8: Cross Country Pipeline MFLT Charlie
Page 9 and 10: Tank Bottom MFLT Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 11 and 12: Tank Bottom MFLT Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 13 and 14: Drilling String MFLT Charlie Chong/
Page 15 and 16: Principle of MFL Testing MFL testin
Page 17 and 18: Reading 1 E1571 Standard Practice f
Page 19 and 20: 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM St
Page 21 and 22: 3.2.4 single-function instrument—
Page 23 and 24: Keywords: • AC- Alternating Curre
Page 25 and 26: Alternating Field MFL method Charli
Page 27 and 28: FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of
Page 33 and 34: 4.2 The examination is conducted us
Page 35 and 36: 6. Basis of Application 6.1 The fol
Page 37 and 38: FIG. 5 Example of a Wire Rope Refer
Page 39 and 40: 7. Limitations 7.1 General Limitati
Page 41 and 42: 7.3 Limitations Inherent in the Use
Page 43 and 44: 8.1.4 The instrument should have co
Page 45 and 46: 9.2.4 The wire rope must be examine
Page 47 and 48: 9.2.6 To assure repeatability of th
Page 49 and 50: 9.2.9 If the NDT indicates existenc
Page 51 and 52: 10.2 Wire Rope Reference Standard:
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10.3 Rod Reference Standard: 10.3.1
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11. Test Agency Qualification 11.1
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Reading 2 Magnetic Flux and SLOFEC
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1. Introduction NDT is an essential
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2. Progress in NDT capabilities The
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3. Traditional MFL Inspection syste
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Fig 2: Adjustable MFL pipe scanner
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For inspection of bare or painted p
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MFL method Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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A magnet within a yoke construction
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5. Principle of "improved" MFL (SLO
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Figure 4: shows the relative sensit
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The technical thickness limit of th
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End Of Reading 2 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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INTRODUCTION Magnetic Flux Leakage
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Figures 5 to 8 are photographs of e
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METHOD PRINCIPLES MFL: The principl
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PROBABILITY OF DETECTION - MFL. The
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■ Sensor type and layout Two type
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■ Speed control Some degree of sp
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■ Defect notification There are t
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■ Scanning surface condition The
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■ Scanning surface coating One ma
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60%, 40%, 50%, Charlie Chong/ Fion
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■ Human factors As with other NDT
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PROBABILITY OF DETECTION - ULTRASON
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Flaw detector As a minimum it shoul
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Couplant method and type Two method
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Floor Parameters Thickness Thinner
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Pit characteristics The easiest pit
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POD Summary for Ultrasonics On good
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Figures 17 to 21 are photographs of
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The Truth About Magnetic Flux Leaka
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MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE (MFL) In orde
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THE MFL INSPECTION ENVIRONMENT In o
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■ STORAGE TANK SURFACE CONDITION
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■ SENSOR TYPES MFL tools typicall
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MFL TECHNIQUE APPLICATION CONSIDERA
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■ QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INDI
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■ THE SINGLE LEVEL THRESHOLD Comm
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Abstract— Magnetic non-destructiv
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History The effect was originally d
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I. INTRODUCTION Accidents due to de
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In this study, we developed the MFL
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Figure 1. Resistance of the TMR dev
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Faraday Law E(emf) = - N ∆(BA)/
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The signal from the lock-in amplifi
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Figure 4. Measuring points for back
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Figure 7 shows the power spectrum o
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Figure 5. Magnetic images with 10 H
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Figure 6. Magnetic images with 5 Hz
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IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION First, w
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Figure8. Magnetic images of pits wi
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Figure 10. Example of the extracted
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Figure 12. Relationship of the defe
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9.1 PART 1. Introduction to Magneti
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9.1.1.2 Receiving Testing The end u
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5. Forging laps occur when gouges o
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For used materials, fatigue crackin
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Steel Mill - Expert at Works Charli
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Steel Mill Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Seams & Laps Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Keywords: • Excitation systems.
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FIGURE 1. Electromagnetic yoke for
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Reluctance. Magnetic reluctance, or
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L, Henry - H, The inductance of an
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Weber (Magnetic Flux Ф) In physics
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Electrical Inductance - Henry The h
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More Reading on: Magnetic field A m
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The weber The weber may be defined
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History: Although magnets and magne
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Three discoveries challenged this f
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Between 1861 and 1865, James Clerk
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Lorentz Force Law Both the electric
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From the force relationship above i
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Alternative names for B • Magneti
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ww
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Reluctance S is the sum of the relu
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Reluctance S Reluctance, S = Length
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9.2.1 Magnetizing Coil A commonly u
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Introduction of the test object int
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9.2.1.2 Testing in Residual Field T
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FIGURE 3. Circumferential magnetiza
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FIGURE 5. Simple technique for circ
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Typical configurations shown in Fig
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FIGURE 6. Capacitor discharge confi
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A good rule is that, if H(r) in Eq.
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9.2.4 Optimal Operating Point Consi
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At higher and higher values of appl
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9.3 PART 3. Magnetic Flux Leakage T
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Magnetic Flux Leakage fields. Charl
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BS EN 10246-5:2000 MFLT Set-up 1: T
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MFLT- Expert at Work Charlie Chong/
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MFLT- Expert at Works Charlie Chong
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The most commonly used in-service i
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Magnetic Flux Leakage fields. Charl
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Intelligence Piggy Charlie Chong/ F
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This induction direction makes it p
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It must be mentioned that only the
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This equation indicates that the ou
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FIGURE 9. Pickup coil and signal in
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Magnetic Flux Leakage & Signals Cha
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Magnetic Flux Leakage & Signals Cha
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Magnetodiodes Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Hall Effect Detectors Charlie Chong
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9.3.1.4 Giant Magnetoresistive Prob
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FIGURE 10. Resistance versus applie
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However, there are some disadvantag
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Giant Magnetoresistive or GMR senso
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Okay so the AMR and GMR sensors see
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9.3.2 Magnetic Particles Magnetic p
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(B) Wet Testing. Wet techniques are
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9.3.2.2 Imaging of Magnetic Particl
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FIGURE 11. Flying spot scanner for
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In practice, charge coupled device
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CCD Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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CCD Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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9.3.3.1 Finite Element Techniques A
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The solutions of classical problems
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FEA Model Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Other Reading: Leakage signals due
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Design considerations for magnetiza
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9.4.1 Test Object Configurations 9.
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Elongated Objects- Pump Jack Charli
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Threaded Regions of Sucker Rod Char
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9.4.1.4 Ball Bearings and Races Sys
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Relatively Flat Surfaces Charlie Ch
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In the metal processing industries,
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9.4.3 Typical Magnetic Flux Leakage
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Ampere's Law The magnetic field in
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9.4.3.2 Transverse Discontinuities
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The effective permeability of the m
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1. Where there is a direct current
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9.4.4 Particular Applications 9.4.4
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9.4.4.2 Internal Casing or Pipeline
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Production and transmission compani
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Cannon Tubes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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9.4.4.6 Billets A relatively common
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As with many forms of nondestructiv
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9.5.1 Introduction The magnetic flu
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An earlier study of samples magneti
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9.5.2 EXPERIMENTAL Three simulated
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Fig. 2. Camera picture of a gouge o
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Fig. 3. Outline of pipeline sample
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After the three magnetization cycle
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Fig. 4. Contour map of radial activ
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Keywords: ■ Contour map scan ■
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Fig. 6. Contour map of radial resid
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Compare the magnetic flux density o
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Fig. 8. Contour map of radial resid
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Active and residual flux distributi
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Fig. 10. Probable flux distribution
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One of the interesting features of
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Fig. 11. Active (a) and residual (b
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Irregular gouge The active and resi
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Fig. 12. Active (a) and residual (b
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The main interest was to determine
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Fig. 13. Residual MFL scans of circ
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9.5.4 CONCLUSIONS The residual MFL
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Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
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Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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