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Seafood Watch® Wild Pacific Salmon Report October 8, 2010 Table 1.1. Life history information for commercially important Pacific salmon. COMMON NAME Chinook Coho Chum Pink Sockeye SPECIES RANGE 2 Arctic and Americas: Ventura River, CA to Point Hope, AK. Asia: Japan, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, and Sea of Okhotsk N. America: Baja California to Kotzebue Sound, AK; Aleutian Islands. Asia: Kamchatka, Hokkaido, and Korea. CoA in N. America: OR to SE AK. Arctic and Americas: Sacramento River, CA to Mackenzie River, Canada. Asia: Kyushu, Japan to Lena River, Siberia, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk. Arctic and Americas: CA to AK, Aleutian Islands. Asia: Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Korea, Hokkaido, Russia. Americas: Klamath River, CA to Bathurst Inlet, Canada. Asia: Hokkaido to Anadyr River, Siberia. CoA: Bristol Bay, AK. GROWTH RATE/MAX SIZE Max Size: 50 kg, 150 cm TL (total length) Max Size: 15 kg, 110 cm TL male, 66 cm TL female Max Size: 16 kg, 100 cm FL (fork length) K: 0.27-0.45 Max Size: 7 kg, 76 cm TL Max Size: 8 kg, 84 cm TL male, 71 cm TL female K: 0.37-0.58 AGE at MATURITY Mean age at maturity: 4 years. Range: 2-7 years. Mean age at maturity: 3 years. Range: 2-4 years. Mean age at maturity: 3-4 years. Range: 2-5 years Mean age at maturity: 2 years. Range: Almost exclusively 2 year olds (odd + even year populations) Mean age at maturity: 3 years. Range: 2-7 years in different stocks. LONGEVITY FECUNDITY LITERATURE Maximum reported age: 9 years Maximum reported age: 5 years Maximum reported age: 6 years Maximum reported age: 3 years Maximum reported age: 7 years Fecundity: 1,200- 14,000 eggs Fecundity: 1,400- 4,500 eggs (Delaney 1994, Myers et al. 1998, DFO 2001, Froese and Pauly 2004) (Elliott 1994, DFO 2001, 2003, Froese and Pauly 2004, PFMC 2004a) Fecundity: 700- (Buklis 1994, Froese and 7,000 eggs (2,400- Pauly 2004) 3,100 typical) Fecundity: 800- 2,000 eggs Fecundity: 2,000- 4,500 eggs (Kingsbury 1994, Froese and Pauly 2004, PFMC 2004a). (ADFG 1994, NMFS 2001a, Froese and Pauly 2004) 2 CoA = Center of Abundance 15
Seafood Watch® Wild Pacific Salmon Report October 8, 2010 Table 1.2. Vulnerability of Pacific salmon. 3 STATE California Oregon Washington Alaska PERCENTAGE of ALL U.S. PACIFIC SALMON LANDED SINCE 1950 4 Chinook 21% Coho 2% Chinook 17% Coho 10% Sockeye < 0.01% Pink < 0.01% Chinook 23% Coho 23% Chum 10% Sockeye 6% Pink 4% Pink 96% Sockeye 94% Chum 90% Coho 65% Chinook 39% COMPOSITION of SALMON LANDED WITHIN GIVEN STATE SINCE 1950 5 Chinook 88.1% Coho 11.9% Chinook 54.7% Coho 43% Chum 0.7% Sockeye 0.7% Pink 0.7% Sockeye 23.9% Coho 22% Chum 18.7% Pink 18.5% Chinook 16.9% Pink 40.3% Sockeye 34.7% Chum 16.5% Coho 5.9% Chinook 2.6% HYDROELECTRIC FACILITIES Significant in-state hydro-generation, equivalent to Oregon. 40 billion mWh 6 generation 200+ large dams on Columbia, 90% without fish ladders, 1,000+ smaller dams; Majority of Snake River obstructed. 40 billion mWh generation 200+ large dams on Columbia, 90% without fish ladders, 1,000+ smaller dams; Majority of Snake River obstructed. 80 billion mWh generation 160 dams; ~1% of WA hydroelectric generation LOGGING 85% loss coastal redwood forests; 90% loss Central Valley forests; 90-98% loss Sac. River riparian forests 96% coastal temperate rainforest logged; 80% Douglas-fir old growth forests logged 75% coastal temperate rainforest logged; 90% Douglas-fir old growth forests logged 11% coastal forests logged WETLAND LOSSES 91% all wetlands lost; 94% inland wetlands lost; 62% salt marsh lost; 69% tule marsh lost 1/3 of wetlands lost since 1780 1/3 of wetlands lost since 1780 0.1% wetland losses INTRODUCED SPECIES ~200 introduced fish species. Brook trout in 20 drainages; mainly Sierra Nevada. ~70 introduced fish species. Significant negative effects documented from brook trout in Columbia, Snake, Rogue, etc. ~70 introduced fish species. Significant negative effects documented from brook trout in Columbia, Snake, Rogue, etc. < 10 introduced fish species – brook trout insignificant factor. 3 Sources: Noss 2004; EIA 2002; Noss et al. 1995; USGS 2004; Schmidt 1994; Fuller 2003; DFG 2003; Levin et al. 2002. 4 The column reflects the state-by-state distribution of Pacific salmon landings totaled over the past fifty years. It is intended to serve as a rough proxy for the distribution of salmon habitat, though it has several shortcomings. Most notably, the shortcomings include: 1) it shows variable fishing effort across species and states (landings do not correspond to habitat); 2) it does not account for the considerable habitat loss that occurred before 1950; and 3) it ignores the presence of rare populations. 5 In-state commercial landings since 1950 is intended to better reflect relative abundance of each species within states. It is subject to the same qualifications and caveats as the preceding column. In addition, significant changes in harvests and management have occurred over the past twenty years. 6 mWh = megawatt hour (one million watt-hours), a unit of electrical generation. 16
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Seafood Watch

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