SCHWA

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8 MANNER OF ARTICULATION PLOSIVES AFFRICATES FRICATIVES NASALS APPROXIMANTS p b t d k g tʃ dʒ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h m n ŋ l r w j PLACE OF ARTICULATION BILABIALS LABIO-DENTALS DENTALS ALVEOLARS POST- ALVEOLARS PALATAL VELARS GLOTTAL p b m w f v θ ð t d s z n l tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ r j k g ŋ h
9 LIST OF PHONETIC SYMBOLS LAX & SHORT VOWELS /e/ BED /bed/ /æ/ BAD /bæd/ /ɪ/ VISITED /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/ /ə/ WAS /wəz/ /ʌ/ SUN /sʌn/ /ʊ/ WOLF /wʊlf/ /ɒ/ GOT /gɒt/ TENSE & LONG VOWELS /iː/ TEAM /tiːm/ /ɜː/ GIRL /gɜːl/ /ɑː/ DANCE /dɑːns/ /uː/ COOL /kuːl/ /ɔː/ BALL /bɔːl/ DIPH-THONGS /eɪ/ TAPE /teɪp/ /əʊ/ GO /gəʊ/ /ɔɪ/ BOY /bɔɪ/ /aɪ/ TIE /taɪ/ /aʊ/ HOUSE /haʊs/ /ɪə/ EAR /ɪə/ /ʊə/ DURING /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ /eə/ HAIR /heə/
Page 1: 1 SEDAT ERDOĞAN SCHWA
Page 5: 5 PHONEMES / SPELLINGS
Page 10 and 11: 10 PLOSIVES /p/ POOL /puːl/ /b/ BE
Page 12 and 13: 12 DIPH-THONGS eer ere ear /ɪə/ b
Page 14 and 15: 14 VOICELESS = HARD CONSONANTS SPEL
Page 16 and 17: 16 -bread /bred/ -breast /brest/ -b
Page 18 and 19: 18 -had /həd/ -hang /hæŋ/ -hangi
Page 20 and 21: 20 -radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ -rafting /
Page 22 and 23: 22 -while /waɪl/ -whisky /ˈwɪski
Page 24 and 25: 24 be /bi/ /biː/ been /biːn/ /bɪ
Page 26 and 27: 26 -define /dɪˈfaɪn/ -degree /d
Page 28 and 29: 28 -effect /ɪˈfekt/ -elect /ɪˈl
Page 30 and 31: 30 -implode /ɪmˈpləʊd/ -imply /
Page 32 and 33: 32 -remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ -remote /r
Page 34 and 35: 34 -adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ -admire /
Page 36 and 37: 36 -assess /əˈses/ -assign /əˈs
Page 38 and 39: 38 -contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/
Page 40 and 41: 40 -subject (v) /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ /ˈ
Page 42 and 43: 42 -admire /ədˈmaɪɚ/ -admit /ə
Page 44 and 45: 44 -assist /əˈsɪst/ -assistant /
Page 46 and 47: 46 -contend /kənˈtɛnd/ -continue
Page 48 and 49: 48 -submit /səbˈmɪt/ -subordinat
Page 50 and 51: 50 DI-GRAPHS A di-graph is a single
Page 52 and 53: 52 CONSONANT CLUSTERS (BLENDS) /bl/
Page 54 and 55: 54 SILENT CONSONANTS Silent ‘b’
Page 56 and 57: 56 Silent ‘r’ -answers /ˈɑːn
Page 58 and 59:
58 SYLLABLES & -ED ENDINGS Words en
Page 60 and 61:
60 DOUBLE CONSONANTS = ONE CLEAR CO
Page 62 and 63:
62 DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES They change
Page 64 and 65:
64 -ate associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt
Page 66 and 67:
66 COMPOUND WORDS & STRESS COMPOUND
Page 68 and 69:
68 -Ivan /ˈaɪvn/ -Laura /ˈlɔːr
Page 70 and 71:
70 ‘est’ = /ɪst/ Spelling -big
Page 72 and 73:
72 -decoration /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/ -
Page 74 and 75:
74 HOMO-GRAPHS (SAME SPELLING) WORD
Page 76 and 77:
76 HOMO-NYMS (SAME SPELLING and PRO
Page 79:
79 PREFIXES and WORD STRESS
Page 82 and 83:
82 -disobey /ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/ -disob
Page 84 and 85:
84 -inexperienced /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪə
Page 86 and 87:
86 -superstition /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃ
Page 88 and 89:
88 -underpriced -underprepared -und
Page 90 and 91:
90 NOTE: -forecast -foresee -forete
Page 93 and 94:
93 ‘-ize’ / ‘-ise’ -adverti
Page 95 and 96:
95 -consolidate /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/
Page 97 and 98:
97 -motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ -nec
Page 99 and 100:
99 /ɪ/ -biscuit /ˈbɪskɪt/ -chic
Page 101 and 102:
101 ‘-ic’ -artistic /ɑːˈtɪs
Page 103 and 104:
103 ‘-ity’ -majority /məˈdʒ
Page 105 and 106:
105 -position -possession -promotio
Page 107 and 108:
107 CONNECTED SPEECH -ASSIMILATION
Page 109 and 110:
109 SENTENCE STRESS and SCHWA Conte
Page 111 and 112:
111 WEAK & STRONG FORMS (FUNCTION W
Page 113 and 114:
113 WHY ‘STRESS HARMONY’ IS IMP
Page 115 and 116:
115 SENTENCE STRESS EXAMPLES POSITI
Page 117 and 118:
117 NEGATIVE SENTENCES He doesn’t
Page 119 and 120:
119 What should I do? What time was
Page 121 and 122:
121 -A cup of tea, please. /ə ˈk
Page 123 and 124:
123 /t/ changes to /p/ before /m/,
Page 125 and 126:
125 LINKING In spoken English, we l
Page 127 and 128:
127 LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS af
Page 129 and 130:
129 OMISSION OF /t/ SPELLING aren
Page 131 and 132:
131 INTRUSION In spoken English, in
Page 133 and 134:
133 INTONATION SENTENCE TYPE EXAMPL
Page 135 and 136:
135 RHYTHM GROUPS In long sentences
Page 137 and 138:
137 PHONEMES & ALLOPHONES The allo-
Page 139 and 140:
139 LONG VOWEL PHONEMES British Eng
Page 141 and 142:
141 APPENDIX
Page 143 and 144:
143 IRREGULAR VERBS FIRST FORM SECO
Page 145 and 146:
145 /lɜːn/ /lɜːnt/ /leɪ/ /leɪ
Page 147 and 148:
147 FEMALE NAMES and SCHWA /ə/ -Am
Page 149 and 150:
149 MALE NAMES and SCHWA /ə/ -Adam
Page 151 and 152:
151 HOW WE SPEAK and USE ENGLISH En
Page 153 and 154:
153 -simple -single -successful -sy
Page 155 and 156:
155 Final ‘m’ -nationalism -pop
Page 157 and 158:
157 TEACHING SOUND-SPELLING RELATIO
Page 159 and 160:
159 BRITISH PHONEMES VOWEL PHONEMES
Page 161 and 162:
161 The British Isles /ðə ˌbrɪt
Page 163 and 164:
163 /w/ /w/ is a short form of the
Page 165 and 166:
165 FRONT=PALATAL BACK=VELAR /aɪ/
Page 167 and 168:
167 TRIPH-THONGS Three vowel sounds
Page 169 and 170:
169 Labio-Velar Approximant -whale
Page 171 and 172:
171 THE PRODUCTION of CONSONANT SOU
Page 173 and 174:
173 /kw/ sound The letters ‘qu’
Page 175 and 176:
175 There is usually unstress on in
Page 177 and 178:
177 In spoken English, middle /h/ i
Page 179 and 180:
179 ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEMES SHORT VO
Page 181 and 182:
181 ENGLISH TURKISH Key to learning
Page 183 and 184:
183 -show /ʃəʊ w / -slow /sləʊ
Page 185 and 186:
185 -boy /bɔɪ y / -coy /kɔɪ y /
Page 187 and 188:
187 -always /ˈɔːlweɪz/ /ˈɔːl
Page 189 and 190:
189 -broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ -
Page 191 and 192:
191 -concise /kənˈsaɪs/ -conclus
Page 193 and 194:
193 -despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ -determi
Page 195 and 196:
195 -enchant /ɪnˈtʃɑːnt/ -enco
Page 197 and 198:
197 -fanatic /fəˈnætɪk/ -fantas
Page 199 and 200:
199 -generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ -geni
Page 201 and 202:
201 -horse /hɔːs/ -hospital /ˈh
Page 203 and 204:
203 -interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprit/ -in
Page 205 and 206:
205 -leader /ˈliːdəʳ/ -league /
Page 207 and 208:
207 -march /mɑːtʃ/ -market /ˈm
Page 209 and 210:
209 -nonsense /ˈnɒnsns/ -norm /n
Page 211 and 212:
211 -origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ -origin
Page 213 and 214:
213 -pencil /ˈpensl/ -pension /ˈp
Page 215 and 216:
215 -posture /ˈpɒstʃəʳ/ -potat
Page 217 and 218:
217 -reasonable /ˈriːznəbl/ -reb
Page 219 and 220:
219 -romantic /rəʊˈmæntɪk/ -ro
Page 221 and 222:
221 -several /ˈsevrəl/ -severe /s
Page 223 and 224:
223 -south /saʊθ/ -southern /ˈs
Page 225 and 226:
225 -style /staɪl/ -subject /ˈsʌ
Page 227 and 228:
227 -taught /tɔːt/ -teacher /ˈti
Page 229 and 230:
229 -tough /tʌf/ -tour /tɔːʳ/ /
Page 231 and 232:
231 -uneasy /ʌnˈiːzi/ -unemploye
Page 233 and 234:
233 -villa /ˈvɪlə/ -village /ˈv
Page 235 and 236:
235 -weight /weɪt/ -welcome /ˈwel
Page 237 and 238:
237 -work /wɜːk/ -workbook /ˈwɜ
Page 239 and 240:
239 -Korea /kəˈriə/ -Latvia /ˈl
Page 241 and 242:
241 -airport /ˈɛrpɔrt/ -alarm /
Page 243 and 244:
243 -auxiliary /ɔgˈzɪləri/ /ɔg
Page 245 and 246:
245 -boat /boʊt/ -body /ˈbɑdi/ -
Page 247 and 248:
247 -channel /ˈtʃænl/ -chapter /
Page 249 and 250:
249 -consider /kənˈsɪdɚ/ -consi
Page 251 and 252:
251 -decision /dɪˈsɪʒən/ -deco
Page 253 and 254:
253 -ear /ɪr/ -early /ˈɚli/ -ear
Page 255 and 256:
255 -father /ˈfɑðɚ/ -fault /fɔ
Page 257 and 258:
257 -geology /dʒiˈɑlədʒi/ -ges
Page 259 and 260:
259 -heard /hɚd/ -heart /hɑrt/ -h
Page 261 and 262:
261 -innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən
Page 263 and 264:
263 -leadership /ˈlidɚˌʃɪp/ -l
Page 265 and 266:
265 -medicine /ˈmɛdəsən/ -meet
Page 267 and 268:
267 -neck /nɛk/ -necklace /ˈnɛkl
Page 269 and 270:
269 -okay /oʊˈkeɪ/ -old /oʊld/
Page 271 and 272:
271 -party /ˈpɑrt i/ -Pasific Oce
Page 273 and 274:
273 -pocket /ˈpɑkɪt/ -poem /ˈpo
Page 275 and 276:
275 -quality /ˈkwɑlət i/ -quanti
Page 277 and 278:
277 -relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ -release
Page 279 and 280:
279 -scan /skæn/ -scarcely /ˈskɛ
Page 281 and 282:
281 -signal /ˈsɪgnəl/ -signature
Page 283 and 284:
283 -speechless /ˈspitʃlɪs/ -spe
Page 285 and 286:
285 -super /ˈsupɚ/ -superlative /
Page 287 and 288:
287 -theory /ˈθiəri/ /ˈθɪri/
Page 289 and 290:
289 -Turkey /ˈtɚki/ -turn /tɚn/
Page 291 and 292:
291 -usually /ˈyuʒuəli/ /ˈyuʒ
Page 293 and 294:
293 -war /wɔr/ -warm /wɔrm/ -warn
Page 295 and 296:
295 -wine /waɪn/ -wing /wɪŋ/ -wi
Page 297 and 298:
297 COMPOUND WORDS and STRESS -Amer
Page 299 and 300:
299 -good morning -goodbye -good he
Page 301 and 302:
301 -midnight -mobile phone -modern
Page 303 and 304:
303 -seafood -seat belt -second cla
Page 305 and 306:
305 -worksheet -yellow card -yes no
Page 307 and 308:
307 -booking office /ˈbʊkɪŋ ɒf
Page 309 and 310:
309 STRESS the SYLLABLE before THES
Page 311 and 312:
311 STRESS SHIFT /ˈsəʊʃl/ /ˌs
Page 313 and 314:
313 /iə/ = ‘ia’, ‘io’ -Adr
Page 315 and 316:
315 The stressed syllable (vowel) =
Page 317 and 318:
317 shall /ʃəl/ /ʃl/ /l/ /ʃæl/
Page 319 and 320:
319 been /biːn/ /bɪn/ he'd /id/ /
Page 321 and 322:
321 /ˈweəz jə ˌkɑː/ /ɪts ˈn
Page 323 and 324:
323 /əjə ˈkreɪzi/ /ˌɪznt ɪt
Page 325 and 326:
325 /ˌhæv ˈbrekfəst/ /ˌhæv ˈ
Page 327 and 328:
327 /ˌget ˈɪn/ /ˌfɔːl ˈɒf/
Page 329 and 330:
329 /ˈpliːzd tə ˌmiːt ju/ /ˈw
Page 331 and 332:
331 /aı ˌfɪnɪʃ ˈraɪtɪŋ ma
Page 333 and 334:
333 /ˈweə kən aɪ ˈwɒʃ maɪ
Page 335 and 336:
335 /ɒn ðə ˈfɜːst əv ˈɔːg
Page 337 and 338:
337 /aɪl ˈmiː tʃə təˌnaɪt/
Page 339 and 340:
339 /ˌwel ˈnəʊn/ /hedˈtiːtʃ
Page 341 and 342:
341 /aɪd ˈlaɪk tə ˌɑːsk jə
Page 343 and 344:
343 /ˌkɒtn ˈʃɜːt/ /ˈθɪŋk
Page 345 and 346:
345 /ˌgəʊ tə ðə ˈlaɪbrəri/
Page 347 and 348:
347 /ʃi ˈsʌmtaɪmz ˌgəʊz tə
Page 349 and 350:
349 /aɪ ˈhævnt ˌfaʊnd ɪt/ /ˌ
Page 351 and 352:
351 /ˌsləʊ ˈspiːtʃ/ /aɪ ˌge
Page 353 and 354:
353 MAIN (PRIMARY) STRESS on PREPOS
Page 355 and 356:
355 PRIMARY and SECONDARY STRESS ad
Page 357 and 358:
357 HELPFUL HINTS for TEACHING ENGL
Page 359 and 360:
359 *English Front Vowels = /iː/,
Page 361 and 362:
361 *Liquids = /l/, /r/. *Lower Lip
Page 363 and 364:
363 *The lips are neither spread no
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SCHWA

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