. U-J

members who had undergone an apprenticeship in crime, had
received instructions as to the law and protocol of the Family,
and had fulfilled the other requirements of membership.
(b)
continuously between 1970 and the present there
existed in the District of Massachusetts a criminal organization
known by various names, including "The winter Hill Gang" and
"South Boston." During the 1970's, this organization was based
in Somerville, Massachusetts.
Since that time, it has operated
from various locations including Boston's West End, South Boston,
and Brookline, Massachusetts.
(1) During the 1970's, Howard T. winter was the
Boss of The Winter Hill Gang.
The defendants JAMES J. BULGER,
STEPHEN J. FLEMMI, and John Martorano acted in supervisory
positions under winter.
(2) In ~pproximately 1979, Winter was convicted
o.f racketeering and incarcerated.
John Martorano, who was
indicted along with Winter, became a fugitive until his
apprehension in January 1995.
As a result of these events, the
defendants JAMES J. BULGER and STEPHEN J. FLEMMI succeeded winter
as the leaders of the Winter Hill Gang.
(3) The winter Hill Gang acted with the purpose
of controlling, supervising, financing, and otherwise
participating in and deriving income from illegal activities,
including illegal gambling, extortion, loansharking, and
narcotics distribution businesses and the collection of unlawful
4