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� POPs Assessment for Samoa United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 6 Risk-Based Human Health Screening Values � National Environmental Protection Measures (NEPM) for Assessment of Site � Contamination -1999 Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment – 1999) � Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand – 1999 � Health and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Timber Treatment Chemicals – 1997 � Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality – 2000 (ANZECC) � Draft Samoa Drinking-Water Standards – 1999 � Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition – 1993 � New Zealand Food Safety Authority “Food Standards 2002” Based on the comparison of analytical results with guidelines, certain sites were identified as being hot spots. Soil Sampling at Asau Timber treatment Plant 8 Prepared by PECL on behalf of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment April 2004
4. POPs in Samoa 4.1 Introduction POPs Assessment for Samoa Persistent organic pollutants are a set of chemicals that are toxic, persist in the environment for long periods of time, and characterized by low water solubility and high lipid solubility thus bioaccumulate in fatty tissues as they move up the food chain. Because they are semi-volatile, they circulate globally via the atmosphere, oceans, and other pathways, thus those released in one part of the world can travel to regions far from their source of origin. The persistence of these chemicals in the atmosphere and bioaccumulation in fatty tissues has caused detrimental impacts on human health and the environment throughout the world. Within Samoa, no evidence has been documented linking such environmental and human health issues to contact with any of the POPs released locally. 4.2 Background Of the 12 POPs chemicals identified in the Convention, eight are present in Samoa (Table 1) with the ninth suspected from the presence of its impurities. These include aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, and heptachlor as pesticides, PCB primarily as an industrial chemical, and dioxins and furans as unintentional introduction. There is also presence of DDT as an impurity (
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