Indian Medicinal Plants

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Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. 457 Habitat ◮ Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim from 2,500 to 4,000 m and Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu. English ◮ Common Wood-Sorrel. Ayurvedic ◮ Chaangeri (related species). Folk ◮ Tinpatiyaa, Amrul. Action ◮ Diuretic and refrigerant. Used for urinary affections and fevers. (Sorrel is equated with Rumex acetosa Linn.) Aerial parts gave 2 ′′ -O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) isovitexin. The whole flowering plant contains 0.3–1.25% oxalic acid (high in fresh leaves and roots). Oxalis corniculata Linn. Family ◮ Oxalidaceae. Habitat ◮ Throughout the warmer parts of India. English ◮ <strong>Indian</strong> Sorrel. Ayurvedic ◮ Chaangeri, Amlapatrikaa, Amlikaa, Chukraa, Chukrikaa, Chhatraamlikaa. Unani ◮ Ambutaa bhaaji, Amutaa saag. Siddha/Tamil ◮ Puliyarai. Folk ◮ Tinpatiyaa, Ambilonaa. Action ◮ Plant—boiled with butter milk is a home remedy for indigestion and diarrhoea in children. Used for tympanitis, dyspepsia, biliousness and dysentery; also for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antiscorbutic activities. Leaf paste is applied over forehead to cure headache. The leaves contain the flavonoids, vitexin, isovitexin and vitexin-2 ′′ -Obeta-D-glucopyranoside. The leaves contain 1.47% of lipid (dry weight), arichsourceofessentialfattyacids and alpha-and beta-tocopherol (1.58 and 6.18 mg/g dry basis, respectively.) They are a good source of vitamin C (125 mg/100 g), carotene (3.6 mg/100 g) and calcium (5.6% of dry material) but contain a high content of oxalates (12% of dry material). The leaves and stem contain tartaric and citric acid; stems contain also malic acid. An aqueous extract of the plant shows activity against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. Expressed juice of the entire plant shows activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Oxalis martiana Zucc. (native to America, naturalized in moist and shady placaes in temperate parts of India) is equated with Wood-Sorrel. It isknownasKhatmitthiinDelhiand Peria-puliyarai in Tamil Nadu. Dosage ◮ Whole plant—5–10 ml juice. (API, Vol. III.) Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. Family ◮ Polygonaceae. Habitat ◮ The Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim, in the alpine region at altitudes of 3,000–6,000 m. Folk ◮ Chohahak, Amlu (Punjab). Kailaashi (Kashmir). Action ◮ Refrigerant, antiscorbutic. O
458 Oxystelma secamone (Linn.) Karst. Oxystelma secamone (Linn.) Karst. Synonym ◮ O. esculentum R. Br. Sarcostemma secamone (Linn.) Bennet. Family ◮ Asclepiadaceae. Habitat ◮ Throughout the plains and lower hills of India, including paddy fields and hedges rear semi-marshy places. Ayurvedic ◮ Dugdhikaa, Duudhilataa, Duudhialataa . Folk ◮ Usipallai (Tamil Nadu); Dugdhani (Maharashtra); Jaladudhi (Gujarat). Action ◮ Herb—antiseptic, depurative, galactogogue; decoction used as a gargle in stomatitis and sore throat. Latex—vulnerary. Fresh root—prescribed in jaundice. A pregnane ester oligoglycoside (oxysine), a pregnane triglycoside (esculentin), a cardenolide (oxyline), two more cardenolides, oxystelmoside and oxystelmine, have been isolated from the roots. O
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Indian Medicinal Plants
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Author C.P. Khare B-1/211, Janak Pu
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Guiding Factors First of all, let m
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Guiding Factors IX • The British
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A Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Mo
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Abutilon indicum Linn. Sweet. 3 dis
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Acacia catechu (Linn. f.) Willd. 5
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Acacia leucophloea Willd. 7 The bar
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Acanthospermum hispidum DC. 9 Ayurv
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Achyranthes aspera Linn. 11 haemost
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Aconitum falconeri Stapf. 13 Chamba
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Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf.
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Actinodaphne hookeri Meissn. 17 Hab
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Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. 19
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Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex
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Aframomum melegueta (Rosc.) K. Schu
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Aglaia roxburghiana Miq. Hiern 25 e
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Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. 27 diure
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Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin 29 Ala
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Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb.) Desv. 31
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Allium cepa Linn. 33 Ayurvedic ◮
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Alocasia indica (Lour.) Spach. 35 a
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Alpinia officinarum Hance 37 Dosage
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Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R. B
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Amaranthus spinosus Linn. 41 Ayurve
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Ammi visnaga (Linn.) Lam 43 Folk
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Amygdalus persica Linn. 45 An irido
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Anamirta cocculus (Linn.) Wight and
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Andrographis panicultata Wall. ex N
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Angelica archangelica Linn. var. hi
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Annona squamosa Linn. 53 leaves con
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Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. 55 chamom
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Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. 57 Celery
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Areca catechu Linn. 59 Arctostaphyl
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Aristolochia indica Linn. 61 drug,
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Artemisia absinthium Linn. 63 sis o
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Artocarpus integrifolia Linn. f. 65
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Asclepias curassavica Linn. 67 acti
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Asphodelus fistulosus Linn. 69 Vari
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Astragalus hamosus Linn. 71 Aqueous
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Avena sativa Linn. 73 the gastroint
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Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 75 Engl
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B Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Penn. Syn
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Balsamodendron myrrha Nees. 79 Alon
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Barleria buxifolia Linn. 81 Ayurved
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Basella alba Linn. var. rubra Stewa
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Bauhinia racemosa Lamk 85 Bauhinia
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Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. 87 bu
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Berberis vulgaris Linn. 89 hypotens
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Betula utilis D. Don. 91 (Paashaana
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Blepharis edulis Pers. 93 and wound
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Blumea lacera. 95 Blumea eriantha D
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Borassus flabellifer Linn. 97 Bomba
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Brassica campestris Linn. var. rapa
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Bridelia montana Willd. 101 The oil
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Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz. 1
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Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 105 B
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C Caccinia crassifolia O. Kuntze. S
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Caesalpinia sappan Linn. 109 Action
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Calendula officinalis Linn. 111 The
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Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. 113
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Canarium strictum Roxb. 115 Unani
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Capparis aphylla Roth. 117 Action
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Capsicum annuum Linn. 119 Capparis
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Careya arborea Roxb. 121 Folk ◮ K
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Carthamus tinctorius Linn. 123 exhi
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Casearia tomentosa Roxb. 125 Also f
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Cassia auriculata Linn. 127 rubbed
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Cassia sophera Linn. 129 Action ◮
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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. 13
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Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. 133 Fa
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Centaurea behen Linn. 135 with pent
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Centratherum anthelminticum Kuntze.
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Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. 139 Dosage
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Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. 141
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Chondodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pa
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Cicer arietinum Linn. 145 The flowe
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Cinchona officinalis Linn. 147 albi
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Cinnamomum cassia Blume. 149 Key ap
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Cissampelos pareira Linn. 151 Key a
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Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swin
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Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill. 155
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Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. 157 F
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Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. 15
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Clitoria ternatea Linn. 161 Habitat
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Cocos nucifera Linn. 163 and South
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Colchicum luteum Baker. 165 might l
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Colocasia esculenta (Linn.) Schott.
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Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy. 169
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Corchorus aestuans Linn. 171 in deb
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Cordia wallichii G. Don. 173 of the
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Coscinium fenestratum Colebr. 175 T
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Cressa cretica Linn. 177 Action ◮
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Crotalaria juncea Linn. 179 Siddha/
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Cucumis prophetarum Linn. 181 toxic
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Cucurbita pepo Linn. 183 Habitat
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Curcuma amada Roxb. 185 menopausal
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Curcuma longa Linn. 187 Dosage ◮
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Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Tau
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Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schul
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Cynodon dactylon Pers. 193 Family
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Cyperus scariosus R.Br. 195 Cyperus
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Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link. 197 pe
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200 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. D Fol
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202 Datisca cannabina Linn. D Actio
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204 Daucus carota Linn. var. sativa
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206 Delphinium brunonianum Royle. D
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208 Delphinium zalil Aitch. & Hemsl
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210 Desmodium gangeticum DC. D Acti
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212 Dichroa febrifuga Lour. D It ha
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214 Digitalis purpurea Linn. D Habi
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216 Dioscorea daemona Roxb. D Famil
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218 Diospyros ebenum Koenig. D The
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220 Diospyros tomentosa Roxb. D Hab
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222 Dolichos biflorus Linn. D Dolic
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224 Doronicum pardalianches Linn. D
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226 Drynaria quercifolia (Linn.) J.
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228 Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.
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230 Echinochloa frumentacea Link. E
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232 Eichhornia crassipes Solms Laub
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234 Elephantopus scaber Linn. E Fam
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236 Eleusine indica Gaertin. E Eleu
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238 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. E E
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240 Entada scandens auct. non-Benth
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242 Erigeron canadensis Linn. E int
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244 Ervataemia coronaria staff. E F
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246 Erythrina stricta Roxb. E porte
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248 Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.)C.E.H
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250 Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. E
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252 Euphorbia hypericifolia auct. n
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254 Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. E Do
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256 Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. E Ev
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F Fagonia cretica Linn. Synonym ◮
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Ferula foetida Regel. 261 Feijoa se
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Ficus arnottiana Miq. 263 dose of 0
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Ficus cordifolia Roxb. 265 brought
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Ficus palmata Forsk. 267 The Ayurve
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Flacourita indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
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Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 271 Flacou
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Fucus vesiculosus Linn. 273 Habitat
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Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. 275 The
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278 Garcinia cowa Roxb. G ginol. Th
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280 Garcinia morella (Gaertn) Desv.
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282 Gardenia resinifera Roth. G Hab
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284 Geophila repens (Linn.)I.M.John
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286 Ginkgo biloba Linn. G Action
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288 Glossocardia bosvallia DC. G Ha
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290 Gmelina arborea Roxb. G Action
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292 Gnida glauca (Fresen.) Gilg. G
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294 Grangea maderaspatana Poir. G H
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296 Grewia villosa Willd. G Habitat
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298 Gymnema sylvestre B. Br. G Gymn
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300 Gynura pseudo-china (L.) DC. G
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302 Hardwickia binata Roxb. H A clo
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304 Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lam.
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306 Helleborus niger Linn. H Helleb
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308 Herniaria glabra Linn. H Furano
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310 Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. H Eng
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312 Hiptage benghalensis Kurz. H Th
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314 Homonoia riparia Lour. H Homono
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316 Hura crepitans Linn. H spasmodi
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318 Hymenodictyon excelsum Wall. H
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320 Hyptis suaveolens (Linn.) Poit.
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I Iberis amara Linn. Family ◮ Cru
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Impatiens balsamina Linn. 325 Illic
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Indigofera pulchella Roxb. in part.
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Ionidium suffruticosum Ging. 329 Fo
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Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. 331 and 3,
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Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) Sweet. 3
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Ipomoea vitifolia Blume. 335 resin
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Isatis tinctoria Linn. 337 Habitat
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Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. 339 flav
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342 Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. J Fo
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344 Jasminum rottlerianum Wall. ex
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346 Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. J L
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348 Juniperus communis Linn. var. s
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350 Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. J
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352 Kalanchoe integra (Medic.) Kunt
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354 Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. K K
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356 Kyllinga triceps Rottb. K Prade
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358 Lactuca virosa Linn. L none (fr
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360 Lallemantia royleana Roxb. L Fo
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362 Lantana camara Linn. var. acule
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364 Launaea mucronata (Forsk.) Musc
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366 Lawsonia inermis Linn. L The le
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368 Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. B
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370 Lepidium sativum Linn. L Habita
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372 Leucas aspera Spreng. L leuceno
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374 Lilium polyphyllum D. Don. L Li
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376 Limonia crenulata Roxb. L known
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378 Lippia geminata H. B. & K. L Li
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380 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B.
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382 Lobelia leschenaultina (Persl)
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384 Loranthus pentandrus Linn. Ayur
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386 Luvunga eleutherandra Dalz in p
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388 Lycopus europaeus Linn. L The p
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M Maba nigrescens Dalz. & Gibs. Fam
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Mallotus philippensis Muell.-Arg. 3
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Malva sylvestris Linn. 395 of a num
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Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard. 397 on
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Martynia annua Linn. 399 M. hamilto
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Medicago sativa Linn. 401 mortality
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Melia azedarach Linn. 403 E.) Like
Page 407 and 408: Melissa axillaris (Benth.) Bakh f.
Page 409 and 410: Memecylon edule Roxb. 407 Psychiatr
Page 411 and 412: Mentha spicata Linn. emend. Nathh.
Page 413 and 414: Mesua ferrea Linn. 411 is used as a
Page 415 and 416: Micromelum integerrimum (Buch-Ham.)
Page 417 and 418: Millingtonia hortensis Linn. f. 415
Page 419 and 420: Mollugo cerviana Ser. 417 been repo
Page 421 and 422: Momordica charantia Linn. 419 Engli
Page 423 and 424: Morinda citrifolia Linn. 421 Habita
Page 425 and 426: Morus nigra Linn. 423 Dosage ◮ Le
Page 427 and 428: Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng. 42
Page 429 and 430: Mycrotomia benthami C. B. Cl. 427 A
Page 431 and 432: Myroxylon balsamum Harms. 429 The h
Page 433 and 434: Myxopyrum serratulum A. W. Hill. 43
Page 435 and 436: 434 Naregamia alata Wight & Arn. N
Page 437 and 438: 436 Nepeta cataria Linn. N glycosid
Page 439 and 440: 438 Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. N Ke
Page 441 and 442: 440 Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees) B
Page 443 and 444: 442 Nymphaea stellata Willd. Nympha
Page 445 and 446: 444 Ocimum canum Sims. O Ayurvedic
Page 447 and 448: 446 Ocimum viride Willd. O dundubhi
Page 449 and 450: 448 Oldenlandia umbellata Linn. O O
Page 451 and 452: 450 Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn. O R
Page 453 and 454: 452 Orchis latifolia Linn. O Englis
Page 455 and 456: 454 Orthosiphon grandiflorus Boldin
Page 457: 456 Osmunda regalis Linn. O Osmunda
Page 461 and 462: 460 Panax pseudoginseng Wall. P ant
Page 463 and 464: 462 Papaver rhoeas L. The seedlings
Page 465 and 466: 464 Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. P
Page 467 and 468: 466 Passiflora incarnata Linn. P Pa
Page 469 and 470: 468 Pavetta indica Linn. P The root
Page 471 and 472: 470 Peganum harmala Linn. P drug ph
Page 473 and 474: 472 Pergularia extensa N. E. Br. P
Page 475 and 476: 474 Persea americana Mill. P Action
Page 477 and 478: 476 Peucedanum grande C. B. Clarke.
Page 479 and 480: 478 Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees
Page 481 and 482: 480 Phragmites communis Trin. P Ayu
Page 483 and 484: 482 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Lin
Page 485 and 486: 484 Physochlaina praealta Miers. P
Page 487 and 488: 486 Picrorhiza scrophulariaeflora P
Page 489 and 490: 488 Pinus gerardiana Wall. P Ayurve
Page 491 and 492: 490 Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume. A
Page 493 and 494: 492 Piper nigrum Linn. P used for e
Page 495 and 496: 494 Pisonia grandis R. Br. P Action
Page 497 and 498: 496 Pithecellobium dulce Benth. P P
Page 499 and 500: 498 Plantago major Linn. P Plantago
Page 501 and 502: 500 Plesmonium margaritiferum Schot
Page 503 and 504: 502 Plumeria acuminata Ait. P and r
Page 505 and 506: 504 Pogostemon benghalensis Kuntze.
Page 507 and 508: 506 Polycarpaea corymbosa Lam. P as
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508 Polygonatum multiflorum All. P
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510 Polygonum hydropiper Linn. P Po
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512 Populus alba Linn. P internally
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514 Portulaca tuberosa Roxb. P Habi
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516 Premna integrifolia Linn. Actio
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518 Prosopis spicigera Linn. P Habi
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520 Prunus cerasoides D. Don. P tra
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522 Pseudarthria viscida Wt. & Arn.
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524 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. P A
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526 Pterospermum canescens Roxb. P
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528 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. P c
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530 Pyrus communis Linn. Action ◮
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532 Quercus infectoria Oliv. Q Acti
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R Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) K.
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Raphanus sativus Linn. 537 causes i
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Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linn. 539 sin
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Rhamnus purshiana DC. 541 Remusatia
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Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn. 543 sp
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Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. 545
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Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don. 5
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Rhus succedanea Linn. 549 Habitat
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Ricinus communis Linn. 551 The anth
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Rosa alba Linn. 553 A betaxanthin,
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Rosa macrophylla Lindl. 555 Ayurved
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Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. 557 ph
Page 559 and 560:
Rubia cordifolia Linn. 559 Folk ◮
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Ruellia tuberosa Linn. 561 beta-sit
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Rumex nepalensis Spreng. 563 The le
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Ruta chalepensis Linn. 565 Rungia r
Page 567 and 568:
S Saccharum munja Roxb. Synonym ◮
Page 569 and 570:
Salacia macrosperma Wight. 569 Sagi
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Salix caprea Linn. 571 rheumatic ai
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Salmalia malabarica (DC) Schott & E
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Salvia lanata Roxb. 575 oil applied
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Sambucus ebulus Linn. 577 poultices
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Santalum album Linn. 579 Sanicula e
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Sapium sebiferum Roxb. 581 Ayurvedi
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Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Muell.-
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Saussurea affinis Spreng. ex DC. 58
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Saussurea sacra Edgew. 587 cough, c
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Schweinfurthia sphaerocarpa A. Br.
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Scleria lithosperma Sw. 591 Scirpus
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Scutia myrtina Kurz. 593 Flavonoids
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Selenicereus grandiflorus Britton &
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Semecarpus anacardium Linn. f. 597
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Sesamum indicum Linn. 599 Habitat
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Seseli sibiricum Benth. ex C. B. Cl
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Sida cordifolia Linn. 603 The bark
Page 605 and 606:
Sida veronicaefolia Lam. 605 Protei
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Smilax aristolochiaefolia Miller. 6
Page 609 and 610:
Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. 609 As
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Solanum ferox Linn. 611 Key applica
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Solanum nigrum Linn. 613 Action ◮
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Solidago virga-aurea Linn. 615 Habi
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Sophora mollis Grah. ex Baker. 617
Page 619 and 620:
Spathodea campanulata Beauv. 619 In
Page 621 and 622:
Spilanthes calva DC. 621 (Mahamundi
Page 623 and 624:
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Vahl. 62
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Sterculia urens Roxb. 625 and hynda
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Striga gesneroides Vatke. 627 pacho
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Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. 629 Stry
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Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham ex D
Page 633 and 634:
Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. 633 Action
Page 635 and 636:
Symplocos racemosa Roxb. 635 Habita
Page 637 and 638:
Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels. 63
Page 639 and 640:
Syzygium zeylanicum (Linn.) DC. 639
Page 641 and 642:
T Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.)
Page 643 and 644:
Tamarindus indica Linn. 643 English
Page 645 and 646:
Tanacetum vulgare Linn. 645 Ayurved
Page 647 and 648:
Taverniera cuneifolia Arn. 647 Ayur
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Tectona grandis Linn. f. 649 Action
Page 651 and 652:
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) W. & A. 6
Page 653 and 654:
Terminalia chebula Retz. 653 The Ay
Page 655 and 656:
Terminalia tomentosa W. & A. 655 Te
Page 657 and 658:
Thalictrum foliolosum DC. 657 Teucr
Page 659 and 660:
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum
Page 661 and 662:
Tilia sp. Linn. 661 English ◮ Mot
Page 663 and 664:
Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lam. 663
Page 665 and 666:
Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) C
Page 667 and 668:
Trewia nudiflora Linn. 667 Trapa bi
Page 669 and 670:
Tribulus terrestris Linn. 669 Unani
Page 671 and 672:
Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Viog
Page 673 and 674:
Tridax procumbens Linn. 673 Siddha
Page 675 and 676:
Trigonella incisa Benth. 675 Siddha
Page 677 and 678:
Tulipa gesneriana Linn. 677 Sensiti
Page 679 and 680:
Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill
Page 681 and 682:
Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott. 6
Page 683 and 684:
684 Uraria alopecuroides Wight. U o
Page 685 and 686:
686 Urtica dioica Linn. U Unani ◮
Page 687 and 688:
688 Usnea longissima Ach. U Habitat
Page 689 and 690:
V Vaccaria pyramidata (L.) Medik. S
Page 691 and 692:
Valeriana pyrolaefolia Decne. 693 A
Page 693 and 694:
Vanda spathulata Spreng. 695 The se
Page 695 and 696:
Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. 697
Page 697 and 698:
Vernonia cinerea Less. 699 Key appl
Page 699 and 700:
Viburnum coriaceum Blume. 701 The p
Page 701 and 702:
Vicoa indica DC. 703 Habitat ◮ Na
Page 703 and 704:
Vinca rosea Linn. 705 in vincamine;
Page 705 and 706:
Viscum album Linn. 707 bruised and
Page 707 and 708:
Vitex agnus-castus Linn. 709 Action
Page 709 and 710:
Vitis vinifera Linn. 711 beta-sitos
Page 711 and 712:
Volutarella ramosa Roxb. 713 Tricho
Page 713 and 714:
716 Wedelia biflora DC. W The plant
Page 715 and 716:
718 Withania ashwagandha Kaul (cult
Page 717 and 718:
720 Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. W In
Page 719 and 720:
X Xanthium strumariumLinn. Synonym
Page 721 and 722:
Xyris indica Linn. 725 Folk ◮ Saa
Page 723 and 724:
728 Yucca gloriosa Linn. Oxycanthin
Page 725 and 726:
730 Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Z Folk
Page 727 and 728:
732 Zataria multiflora Boiss. Z Fam
Page 729 and 730:
734 Zingiber zerumbet Rosc. ex.Sm.
Page 731 and 732:
736 Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Z abscess
Page 733 and 734:
738 Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Habi
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Indian Medicinal Plants

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